高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講之表語(yǔ)從句上課講義

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講之表語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)的從句，叫做表在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)的從句，叫做表語(yǔ)從句。它位于主句的語(yǔ)從句。它位于主句的系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞am , is, are, was, were, seem, look, taste, remain等等之后，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋，說(shuō)明，使主之后，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋，說(shuō)明，使主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。The question is who will do it. 表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。 The question is who will do it.The question is diff

2、icult.（ 表表 ）表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句（ 表表 ）可接表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有：可接表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有： 1. be 2. feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell 3. stand, lie, remain, keep, stay 4. become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall 5. prove, turn out 1. 這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是真的。 The story sounds true.2. 他似乎知道這件事。 He appears to know this.例句：例句：3. 這些桔子很好吃。

3、These oranges taste good.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. My job is to teach you English.5. The question is who will do it. 2. 2. 表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 + 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句This is why he did it. 表語(yǔ)從句放在表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。合句中的

4、表語(yǔ)。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. That is why she was late.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 （系動(dòng)詞）（系動(dòng)詞） + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 + 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 （主語(yǔ)）（主語(yǔ)） +What I want to say is that I am tired主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 + 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句觀察思考觀察思考：指出句子成分指出句子成分Henry was an American businessman.Henry met an American businessman. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)

5、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）（及物動(dòng)詞）連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞1.1.從屬連詞從屬連詞as, as if / thoughas, as if / though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。 引導(dǎo)詞的用法（一）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（一）as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look, seem,

6、sound, be, become等后面，常用等后面，常用虛擬虛擬語(yǔ)氣，語(yǔ)氣，表示表示不存在不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞（連系動(dòng)詞（look /seem /appear）+that/as if從句從句 as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的表引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句*as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句如果是引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句如果是事事實(shí)實(shí)，就用，就用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣，如果與事實(shí)，如果與事實(shí)不符不符，就，就用用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(主句一般主句一般

7、現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句就用，從句就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be變成變成were。主句是一般。主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí))。 It looks as if he were her own father. ( (與事實(shí)不符與事實(shí)不符) ) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.becausebecause引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。而結(jié)構(gòu)中。而且主語(yǔ)一般不用且主語(yǔ)一般不用reason。My anger is becaus

8、e you havent written to me for a long time.Why were you absent from the meeting ? Was it because you were ill? 你為什么不來(lái)出席座談會(huì)？是病了么？你為什么不來(lái)出席座談會(huì)？是病了么？ 引導(dǎo)詞的用法（二）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（二）that, whythat, why 與與 becausebecause 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別 三者均可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但但 that 沒(méi)有詞義，沒(méi)有詞義，而而 why 和和 because 有自己的意思有自己的意思；另外，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果結(jié)果，后者

9、強(qiáng)調(diào)，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因原因。如：The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事實(shí)是他們生彼此的氣。He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到醫(yī)院來(lái)。He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 他被送到醫(yī)院，是因?yàn)樗×?。例句：例句?1) Thats because he didnt understand

10、 me.(2) Thats why he got angry with me .那是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕?。那是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇Ｄ钦撬麑?duì)我生氣的原因。那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。( (強(qiáng)調(diào)原因）強(qiáng)調(diào)原因）（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）連接代詞連接代詞who, whom, whose, whoever, who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever,what, whatever, which, whichever,連接連接副詞副詞where, when, howwhere, when, how (1) The problem is who

11、 we can get to replace her. (2) The question is how he did it. (3) That is where he was born. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。問(wèn)題是他如何做此事的。問(wèn)題是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。那就是他出生的地方。 where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接副詞連接副詞where, when, why, how除在句中起除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。方式、原因

12、狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。 Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)_ 表示表示_.1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what

13、 it used to be .3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)什么，什么樣子，或所什么，什么樣子，或所的（人或事）的（人或事） 引導(dǎo)詞的用法（三）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（三）who who 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)_表示表示_._. The problem is who could do the work2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)誰(shuí)誰(shuí)引導(dǎo)詞的用法（四）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（四） which

14、 在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常充當(dāng)常充當(dāng)_ 表示表示 。如：。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ), ,表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)其中哪一個(gè)其中哪一個(gè) 引導(dǎo)詞的用法（五）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（五）1. that1) that 在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，無(wú)實(shí)際意不擔(dān)任句子成分，無(wú)實(shí)際意義，一般不能省略義，一般不能省略2)在表“建議，勸說(shuō)，命令”的名詞idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)

15、詞原形”（虛擬語(yǔ)氣），should可省略My opinion is that its getting better and better.1) My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.引導(dǎo)詞的用法（一）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（一）名詞主語(yǔ)名詞主語(yǔ)+be+that引起的表語(yǔ)從句引起的表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)名詞常常是主語(yǔ)名詞常常是表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 表示看法，觀點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題、麻煩的名詞，表示看法，觀點(diǎn)、問(wèn)題、麻煩的名詞，如：如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news,

16、 advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem, 1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.填空填空: The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often liedreason 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句只能用做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), 不能用不能用why 引導(dǎo)。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：引導(dǎo)。句型結(jié)

17、構(gòu)為： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is thatthatThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning （當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用要用that引導(dǎo)而不是引導(dǎo)而不是because）他早上來(lái)晚的原因是他晚了一分鐘而沒(méi)他早上來(lái)晚的原因是他晚了一分鐘而沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)。趕上火車(chē)。 whether在表語(yǔ)從句中表在表語(yǔ)從句中表 ,但不充當(dāng)?shù)怀洚?dāng)句子的成分。句子的成分。if 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.

18、如如:1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.2. The question is whether it is worth doing.“是否是否”不能不能 引導(dǎo)詞的用法（五）引導(dǎo)詞的用法（五）四四. . 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句 在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用should+should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 表示，表示，shouldshoul

19、d可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有：可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有：advice, advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plansuggestion, order, proposal, plan等。等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞注意事項(xiàng)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞注意事項(xiàng)1. 1. thatthat引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省不能省. .2. 2. ifif不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句. .3. 3. 除除thatthat外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。己的意義。4. 4

20、. 除除that, whetherthat, whether外的所有引外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分成分 5.表語(yǔ)從句中，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句中，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序序小結(jié)：小結(jié)：1. 表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成: 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句2. 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞: 連詞連詞that, whether, as ,as if 連接代詞連接代詞who, what, which連接副詞連接副詞when, where, how ,why 3. 3個(gè)注意點(diǎn)個(gè)注意點(diǎn): if 不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)為reason時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序例題例題

21、1：The question is _ we will have our sports meeting next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether D注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)1：if 不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句例題例題 2：The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of B注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)2： 主句主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ)為reason, 只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不可用表語(yǔ)從句，不可用because. 用用because, tha

22、t, whybecause, that, why填空填空1、The reason was _ the heavy rain prevented him from coming.2、The reason _we didnt trust him is that he has often lied.3、It is _ he has often lied，so that we didnt trust him.注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)3：reason后的定語(yǔ)從句可以用后的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why/that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，because一般用于一般用于it/this/that+從句句型中。從句句型中。 that whybec

23、ause注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)4 4：如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，用陳述句語(yǔ)序如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，用陳述句語(yǔ)序The problem is _to take the place of John.A. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can getC1. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it. A. where B. there C. there where D. where there2. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. becau

24、se his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill A C3. That is _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what4. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies. A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are CD1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he f