英語(yǔ)作文結(jié)構(gòu)安排

1、四段式&五段式對(duì)于英語(yǔ)功底好的學(xué)生，四段式和五段式兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可行，因?yàn)檫@兩種邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)都可以把問(wèn)題說(shuō)清楚；對(duì)于英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)一般或偏低的學(xué)生，四段折中式的文章實(shí)戰(zhàn)性更強(qiáng)。四段式結(jié)構(gòu)在考試中更容易寫(xiě)的清晰，而五段式對(duì)于語(yǔ)言控制能力較弱的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)更容易出現(xiàn)段與段之間的銜接關(guān)系混亂。另外，五段式對(duì)于分論點(diǎn)后面所接的引申論證部分的語(yǔ)言能力要求更高，這同樣導(dǎo)致了它的臨場(chǎng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)難度是高于四段式的。四段式的結(jié)構(gòu)怎樣安排？Report(解釋類(lèi))題目中不給出任何觀點(diǎn)，只給一種現(xiàn)象，要求你分析這種現(xiàn)象的causes, factors, solutions, measures, effects/influence/impac

2、t等。Report類(lèi)作文考題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)what are?或者why?這兩個(gè)特征問(wèn)句。Argument(辯論類(lèi))是讓考生辯論觀點(diǎn)或者比較利弊的題目。Argument第一段 2-4句第二段 1+6句第三段 1+4句第四段 3句Argument結(jié)構(gòu)表開(kāi)頭段第一句：介紹社會(huì)背景。（paraphrase）第二句：交待這篇文章要辯論的是哪一個(gè)話題，必不可少第三句：用你自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述下原題的觀點(diǎn)，這句話有時(shí)也可省略第四句：陳述自己的態(tài)度第二段全文的第二段論述自己更傾向的那一方觀點(diǎn)：第一句：概況本段的觀點(diǎn)第二句：這種觀點(diǎn)的第一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（即本觀點(diǎn)的理由1）第三句：寫(xiě)一句話來(lái)解釋、支持第一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（即第一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)的

3、展開(kāi)支持句。注意每個(gè)分論點(diǎn)和它后面的展開(kāi)支持句是使用復(fù)雜句的8類(lèi)連接詞、短語(yǔ)與分詞短語(yǔ)和特殊句式最集中的地方。 eg. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on t

4、he roads would be dramatically reduced.第四句：這種觀點(diǎn)的第二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（即本觀點(diǎn)的理由2）第五句：寫(xiě)一句話來(lái)解釋、支持第二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（即第二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)的支持句）。相應(yīng)地寫(xiě)出第六句（第三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)）和第七句（第三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)的支持句）第三段全文的第三段寫(xiě)讓步段，就是陳述自己不太傾向的那一方觀點(diǎn)第一句：概括這種觀點(diǎn)第二句：這種觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)理由（即分論點(diǎn)）第三句：寫(xiě)一句話來(lái)解釋、支持這個(gè)分論點(diǎn)第四句：寫(xiě)一句話提出你不太傾向的這種觀點(diǎn)存在什么不妥的地方（請(qǐng)注意寫(xiě)這句話最好是去反駁本段中的第二句的理由，這樣會(huì)（請(qǐng)注意寫(xiě)這句話最好是去反駁本段中的第二句的理由，這樣會(huì)使這句話看起來(lái)

5、更具體，而如果直接去反駁本段的第一句則容易使這句話看起來(lái)更具體，而如果直接去反駁本段的第一句則容易讓這句話變得很空洞）。讓這句話變得很空洞）。第五句：寫(xiě)一句話來(lái)解釋、支持第四句結(jié)尾段結(jié)尾段總結(jié)第一句：概況在讓步段中自己不太傾向的觀點(diǎn)（也可選擇省略）第二句：重申自己更傾向的那一方觀點(diǎn)（重要）最后一句：提出我們/政府/媒體/家長(zhǎng)等應(yīng)該如何做的建議，表明自己確實(shí)是關(guān)注辯論話題的。注意點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)議論文不少八股文，作文的結(jié)構(gòu)只是一個(gè)整體框架，具體寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候是完全允許合理地進(jìn)行調(diào)整。比如，如果在某個(gè)分論點(diǎn)后面可以想出不止一句的展開(kāi)支持句，那就堅(jiān)定地多寫(xiě)幾個(gè)支持句。作文中的分論點(diǎn)不要過(guò)多，否則會(huì)變得像流水賬。但

6、分論點(diǎn)后面所展開(kāi)的支持句是絕對(duì)不怕多的，如果時(shí)間夠、想法多就可以多寫(xiě)幾句，只要支持句的內(nèi)容符合生活常理即可。 Some people think that television is bad for childrens development and should forbid them to watch TV. Do you agree or disgree?Advantages:a. educational purpose documentary/ environmental, political, cultural issueb. trigger the interest of chil

7、dren TV show/ astronaut/ catalyst for choosing a career English study: put American TVseriesDisadvantages:A. some information is detrimental to a childs developmentsoap opera/offer no useful information/only innocent mindcartoons/ focus on fantasyviolent TV shows/children are more likely to be viole

8、nce-inclinedB. Solutions:supervised by parents on regular time開(kāi)頭段介紹背景可能用到的不同寫(xiě)法在當(dāng)代At present=Today=In modern society=Currently=Nowadays眾所周知It is generally/ widely/commonly/universally believed thatIt is generally/ widely/commonly/universally accepted thatIt is generally/ widely/commonly/universally a

9、cknowledged that越來(lái)越重要Play an increasing key/crucial/essential/vital/significant role in越來(lái)越普及is increasingly prevalent/popular in the contemporary world徹底改變我們的生活has completely changed/totally changed/fundamentally changed our livesIntroduction Television, invented in the 20th century, has made its wa

10、y into thousands of households with high availability. Although some people believe watching television is detrimental to childrens growth and that it should be forbidden for them nowadays, watching TV programs actually is beneficial to educate the youth in their leisure time and will trigger the in

11、terests for their future career as well.第二段句式同義詞替換It is true/clear/apparent/obvious thatClearly,Obviously,Apparently,There is no doubt thatUndeniably,Firstly, secondly, thirdlyfurthermore/moreover/besidesTherefore/consequently/as a consequence/as a result第三段讓步段Admittedly,Surely,Even soNeverthelessHowever,For example The main