研究生英語綜合教程上-熊海虹Unit1-9答案 (1)

1、高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）綜合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 1 Unit 1Planning your future career Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1Step OneWork together with your partner and fill in the table with the attributes that you think make a good e

2、mployer and a good employee on page 2.Reference:A good employeeCommon to bothA good employera strong sense of responsibilitygood healthgood verbal skillsloyalty to and respect for employersbeing intelligent andcreativedecisivenessbeing diligenta sense of humorassertivenessbeing obedientgreat communi

3、cationskillsgood ability of financial managementcooperativenessgood ability in dealing with interpersonalrelationshipsStep TwoChoose the most important three attributes for people in each role, and give your reasons.Reference: employee: good health, cooperativenessemployer: good health, great commun

4、icative skills,*Good health is the foundation for career development, whatever role one plays. For an employee, cooperativeness ensures the smooth progress of a work project, since many projects involve the cooperation of many workers. As an employer, he must be good at Communicating with different

5、people, which is the guarantee of a pleasant interpersonal relationship in his business, along with the successful building up of the social network.Step ThreeBased on your work done in the previous two steps, tell each other what you would like to be after graduation, an employer or an employee? Gi

6、ve reasons for your choice.Words or phrases for your reference:run a business, in possession of business, be tolerant ofbe considerate of , ambitious, a sense of achievement manage, endure, confident, good-tempered, cooperativeopen-minded, punctual, positive, flexible, generousTask 2 Read the four c

7、ases of job hopping on page 2 and judge whether they are beneficial or disadvantageous to the persons concerned. Task 3Read the following two pieces of parental advice on page 3 and discuss with your partner which one you would follow.1. Whatever you decide to do with your life, make sure its someth

8、ing practical. You will want to be able to make a good living for yourself and your family.2. We dont care what you set out to study; just make sureits something you enjoy.Job market in USThis years college graduates in US are faced with a hard test of job market . Listen carefully to a report on th

9、e high unemployment rate for American youth this summer and do the following exercise:Exercise Directions: Based on the report youve just heard, tell whether the following statements are True or False, make corrections if they are false. 1. The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 42 age bracket in

10、May was 14.7%, five tenths percentage points lower than the national rate .2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and with a higher starting pay than in this year.3.Taking an internship program is an effective way to catch pub

11、lic attention.4.Job market predictions tells that in the next 8 years graduates with a degree in biomedical engineering are promising to secure a good job.5.Sarah Kramer found a job with a major IT company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifteen jobs and going on fifty interview

12、s.1. The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 42 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five tenths percentage points lower than the national rate . Correction: The unemployment rate of people at 20 to 24 age bracket in May was 14.7%, five percentage points higher than the national rate.2. According to NACE,

13、 employment situation in 2007 was more optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and with a higher starting pay than in this year.F FT TExercise Directions: Based on the report youve just heard, tell whether the following statements are True or False, make corrections if they are false. 3

14、. Taking an internship program is an effective way to catch public attention. Correction: Taking an internship program is an effective way to get noticed , and then a job. 4. Job market predictions tells that in the next 8 years graduates with a degree in biomedical engineering are promising to secu

15、re a good job.5. Sarah Kramer found a job with a major IT company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifteen jobs and going on fifty interviews. Correction: Sarah Kramer found a job with a major consulting company in Washington, after applying to about a hundred and fifty jobs and

16、going on fifteen interviews.F FF FT TAudio scriptJob Marketan Extra Hard Test for New College Graduates 10 June 2010 This is the VOA Special English Economics Report. June means one more big test for many students finishing college - a test of the job market. Wish them luck. Americans age twenty to

17、twenty-four faced an unemployment rate in May of fourteen and seven-tenths percent. That was five percentage points higher than the national rate. This week, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said his best guess is for a continued economic recovery. But the central bank chief expects unemploymen

18、t to remain high for some time because of slow job creation. So where does that leave this years graduates? Audio script The National Association of Colleges and Employers says about one-fourth of those who applied for a job have found one. NACE says that is up a little from last year. But the numbe

19、r is down sharply from two thousand seven, the year before the financial crash. Starting pay is also down. Josh Safran graduated from American University in Washington with a business degree. He is still looking for a job. (JOSH SAFRAN) Once you get noticed by a company, it gets a lot easier, but it

20、s so hard to get noticed because theres so many people looking for so few jobs. One way to get noticed is through an internship program, says Reuben Smith-Vaughn, another graduate of American University. Audio script (REUBEN SMITH-VAUGHN) I know I personally got my job that way. And the people that

21、worked there before me got their jobs that way. So I think its a key when getting a job. Internships may offer little or no money. Some students even pay for them. But NACE says ninety-two percent of the employers it asked had plans to hire interns this year. The Occupational Outlook Handbook publis

22、hed by the Labor Department offers job market predictions through twenty eighteen. The highest growth is expected in biomedical engineering. Twenty-two year old Sarah Kramer just got her degree in biomedical engineering from Columbia University in New York. She found a job with a major consulting co

23、mpany in Washington. But her search was not easy. Audio script(SARAH KRAMER) I started in August before my senior year. And I set up appointments with career services. I applied to about a hundred and fifty jobs. I went on maybe fifteen interviews. Ms. Kramer says many of her friends have not found

24、jobs. Many have chosen to go to graduate school instead. But she has suggestions for students entering their final year of college who want a job when they graduate. (SARAH KRAMER) Well, advice for a rising senior is to start early. Take advantage of your career services at your school as much as yo

25、u can. And dont give up, and just keep applying to as many jobs as you can.” Audio scriptJosh Safran says he may have to do what a growing number of recent college graduates are doing. (JOSH SAFRAN) “Worst-case scenario, if I dont find a job by the end of August, I move back with my parents. Traits

26、of the Key Players Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Vocabulary in Action6Viewing1Watch a movie clip from a movie The Pursuit of Happiness, then work on the following questions:1.What do you think about Chris Gardner?2.Would you hire Chris Gardner if you we

27、re the boss? Click the picture Introduction Paras. 1-3Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingTraits of key players Paras. 4-12IntroductionQuestion A: _?Answer: “Key player” refers to _ _.Question B: _? Answer: Companies recruit their staff either by _, or _ _Global UnderstandingWhat does the term “key play

28、ers” refer toa handful of staff you can counton in a given area of expertise to get the job doneHow do companies recruit “key players”hiring “key players” from another companyfrom “newbies” who seem to have the same traits as those top people.A. Importance of the trait: According to John Fetzer, _.B

29、. Ways of developing the trait: a. _ _. b. _ _. c. _ _ as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure _.Trait 1: The selfless collaborator one cant succeed in an industryenvironment without the mindset of being collaborative and selflessWorking together with scientists from other

30、labs and disciplines in pursuit of a common goalA liberal use of the pronoun “we” and not just “I”, when describing your accomplishmentsTo develop a reputation inside your lab and with people yourlab collaborates withthis quality gets mentioned bythose who will take those reference phone callsGlobal

31、 UnderstandingImportance of the trait:According to Don Haut, _.Global UnderstandingTrait 2: A sense of urgencyone way that companies win thecompetition that happens 24/7/365 is to get “there” faster. This trait is a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fas

32、t with the courage to act on their own conviction Trait 3: Risk toleranceImportance of the trait:A. _. Supporting evidence: a. _. b. _.B. _ _. Supporting evidence: a. _ _. b. What Don Haut says.Being OK with risk is something that industry demandsQuotation from one of the clients in a job descriptio

33、nWhat Don Haut saysFailure is important because it shows you were not afraid to take chancesCompanies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit itGlobal UnderstandingTrait 4: Strength in interpersonal relationshipsImportance of the trait:A. _ _. Supporting evidence: According to Ri

34、ck Leach, _. B. It would be a mistake to assume that _ _. Supporting evidence: _ _ _.For people in business roles, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure working for a business requires people skills.strong people skills arerequired only for business peopleThe key pl

35、ayers who succeed in their work at the bench in industry environment in great measure depends on their ability to work with a broad variety of personalitiesGlobal UnderstandingTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P12) Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Detai

36、led Information B AD BDBC B B BCritical ThinkingReading FocusStep One The following short paragraphs are taken from the text. Read each of them carefully and give your comments.1. “Its teamwork,” says Fetzer. “The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborativ

37、e and selfless stand out. You just cant succeed in industry without this mindset.”2. “For my organization, a candidate needs to be comfortable discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something made up for interview day. If not, that person has not taken enough

38、risk. ” says Haut.Reading FocusCritical ThinkingStep TwoDiscuss in groups the following questions.1. Suppose you were a recruiting manager, whom would you like to hire, “key players” from other companies or “newbies” who have just graduated from universities? Give your reasons.2. According to the fo

39、ur traits of a “key player” that the author writes about, where would you like to work after graduation, in academia or industry? Tell each other both the advantages and disadvantages of working in these two different environments.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. Every company has a handful of staff

40、 in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1) staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organization e.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. 以以staff 做主語的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)做主語的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù) e.g. The staff has been cut

41、 by a quarter over the past year. The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.Language Point be on the staff of: be a member of e.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times. staff (v.) 1. provide with staffe.g. How may employees will it take to staff this resort? We have no

42、t enough money to staff all our schools.2. serve on the staff of e.g. Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers.Language Point expertise (n.) special skill or knowledgee.g. A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise. We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope. 辨析辨析 expertise (n.) 和

43、和 expert (n.; adj.) My mother is an _ at dress-making. I thought your handling of the situation was _.Mary has considerable _ in French history. expertiseexpertexpertLanguage Point 2. We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (Para. 2) Paraphrase: We evaluate them by the standard tr

44、aits our key players show to us. hold sb./sth. up to: subject sb/sth. to sth. unpleasant, such as test, mockery etc.e.g. A critic often holds up a book to ridicule or contempt. 批評(píng)家經(jīng)常對(duì)某本書加以嘲笑和蔑視。Language Point 3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia a

45、nd industry. (Para. 4) deserve: (v.) be worthy ofe.g. You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done. I think they deserve to be congratulated.Language Point singleUsed before the superlative “most” emphasizes that this is the most public difference between academia and industrye.g.:

46、The Middle East is the worlds single most important source of oil. Cigarette smoking is the single most likely cause of lung cancer.Language Point 4.“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. (Para. 4)The sentence means: Compa

47、red with academia, the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers, so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative and selfless are easily recognized. lone wolf: someone who prefers to be alonee

48、.g. He is a lone wolf, apparently wanting no friends and seeking no man. 此處是名詞此處是名詞 lone wolf 當(dāng)形容詞用。當(dāng)形容詞用。 stand out: to be very noticeablee.g. We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stoodout from the rest.Language Point Paraphrase: Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very ha

49、rd to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their peers. Translate 許多博士后和研究生許多博士后和研究生 在進(jìn)行這種過渡的過程中表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)在進(jìn)行這種過渡的過程中表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)費(fèi)力。因?yàn)樯杏心敲撮L一段時(shí)間他們都是在扮演一個(gè)費(fèi)力。因?yàn)樯杏心敲撮L一段時(shí)間他們都是在扮演一個(gè)獨(dú)立研究者的角色，并且要表現(xiàn)得比其他年輕的優(yōu)秀人才獨(dú)立研究

50、者的角色，并且要表現(xiàn)得比其他年輕的優(yōu)秀人才更出色的。更出色的。 Language Point 5. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)involve1) imply, make necessary

51、 e.g. The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.2) implicate person in charge, crime etc.e.g. The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying out the murders.3) include sb. or sth. in sth. or to make them take part in or feel part of it e.g. Do we need to involve someone

52、from the computer department at this stage in our discussion?Language Point outshine: (v.) to be better or more impressive than sb. or sth. else e.g. Several new players outshone the veterans.動(dòng)詞前綴動(dòng)詞前綴 “out”主要有三種意思主要有三種意思: 1) doing better than e.g. She outran him. 2) being or becoming bigger, further

53、, greater than someone or something else e.g. Shes outgrown her clothes. She outlived her brother. 3) outside or beyond something e.g. an outbuilding outlying areasLanguage Point 6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and dis

54、ciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenting the results on your rsum. (Para. 5) 介詞介詞詞組詞組“in pursuit of a common goal”當(dāng)狀語，相當(dāng)于當(dāng)狀語，相當(dāng)于during the process of pursuing a common goal. “and documenting the results on your rsum. ” 意為意為“并且并且為你的個(gè)人履歷上的內(nèi)容提供事跡證明。為你的個(gè)人履歷上的內(nèi)容提供事跡證明?！?result (n.) : the achie

55、vement of something e.g. She certainly knows how to get results. For best results, always use fresh ingredients when you are cooking.Language Point document:(n.) a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, esp. of an official type. e.g. A document certifying ownership. I stamp the

56、document. (v.) prove by or support with documents such as references, certificates and credentials. e.g. His interest in cricket has been well-documented by the media. Language Point 7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a

57、risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. (Para. 9) “falling in love with the answer” means “being much interested in the answer”翻譯：翻譯：在企業(yè)里，你需要了解過程，但最終你會(huì)迷上答案，在企業(yè)里，你需要了解過程，但最終你會(huì)迷上答案， 然后根據(jù)你認(rèn)為該答案對(duì)你的企業(yè)所具有的意義來冒然后根據(jù)你認(rèn)為該答案對(duì)你的企業(yè)所具有的意義來冒 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Language Point end up1) to be finally in a

58、 particular situation, state, or place , after a series of events e.g. Most slimmers end up putting weight back on. Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.2) arrive e.g. If you drive your car like that, youll end up in hospital.3) finishe.g. The politician finally ende

59、d up his speech.Language Point 8. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. (Para. 11) prioritize (v.) :to put things in order of importance so that the most important ones are done first e.g. When you have

60、 twenty tasks for the day, all of them urgent, its not easy to prioritize them.Language Point asset: (n.) 1) the things a company owns,that can be sold to pay debts(通常用作復(fù)數(shù)通常用作復(fù)數(shù))e.g. a corporation with $9 billion in assets the value of a companys assets2) something or someone that is useful because