高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí).

1、 冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article）和定冠詞（）和定冠詞（The definite Article）兩種。）兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞，是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。是定冠詞。 冠冠 詞詞 （Articles）（一）（一）. . 不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞的用法 1. 用在可數(shù)名詞前表示用在可數(shù)名詞前表示 “ “一個(gè)一個(gè)” ” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“one”(one”(類指類指) )。 There is a book on the desk. Ill ret

2、urn in a day or two.2.2.用在專有名詞前用在專有名詞前, ,表示表示“某一個(gè)某一個(gè)” ” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“a certain”. A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.3. 表示表示 “一類一類” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“any”(泛指泛指). A horse is a useful animal.4. 表示表示 “每一每一” 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“per”. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. The envelopes are one yuan and twe

3、nty fen a dozen.5. 用在某些固定詞組中用在某些固定詞組中. a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time 6. 用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹:a + 抽象名抽象名 詞，詞，即即抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞具體化。如：。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a plea

4、sure to talk with you. It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.7. 與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份一種，一陣、一份”。 What a heavy rain! A Sprite, please. What a good supper! He bought a Toyota. Please give me a black coffee!8. “a” 用在用在輔音輔音開(kāi)頭前開(kāi)頭前, “an” 用在用在元音元音開(kāi)頭前開(kāi)頭前. a useful book, a European country, a on

5、e-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridge, There is an “s” in the word “smile”. (f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x)(二二). 定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法 1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物表示文中再次提到的人或物. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.2. 表示特指的人或物表示特指的人或物(即即:談話時(shí)彼此都知道的人或談話時(shí)彼此都知道的人或物物). Look at the blac

6、kboard. Open the door, please.3. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指泛指 The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.4. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universebut: in nature, in space, in society, in history5. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家、黨派等專有名詞用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家、黨派等專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、

7、山川、群島的名詞前。前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific Ocean, the China of 1840, the Paris of the east, the late Mr. Brown6. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前。用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前。 the second story, the largest room, the third longes

8、t river7. 用在方位名詞前或某些表示時(shí)間的詞組或習(xí)慣用在方位名詞前或某些表示時(shí)間的詞組或習(xí)慣語(yǔ)中。語(yǔ)中。 on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end8. 用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。 the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded9. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。 The Smiths are sitting at the breakfa

9、st table.10. 彈奏樂(lè)器時(shí)，樂(lè)器名詞前彈奏樂(lè)器時(shí)，樂(lè)器名詞前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? 11. 在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞 The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.12. 年代前年代前 In the 1870s/1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, 13. 在表示階級(jí)、階層的詞前在表示階級(jí)、階層的詞前 the ruling class, the workin

10、g people 14. 用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如：用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如： in the morning (afternoon, evening), by the way, in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home15. 定冠詞使用特殊的場(chǎng)合。定冠詞使用特殊的場(chǎng)合。 He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on t

11、he head the elder of the two, the most beautiful of the three The sooner, the better. He got paid by the hour. by the yard/the dozen/the month/the piece 但：但：by weight按重量按重量 另外另外:綽號(hào)的表達(dá)法如下綽號(hào)的表達(dá)法如下Peter the Great, John the Lion-hearted, William the Conqueror （三）不用冠詞的情況（三）不用冠詞的情況(零冠詞零冠詞) 1. 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象

12、名詞、人名、地名專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前等名詞前 China , America, John, Air is a matter. Failure is the mother of success.But: He is the Mr. Zheng you are looking for. He is a living Lei Feng. The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it was . Longjing is a famous tea. a heavy rain, a strong wind, a so

13、up It is a pleasure to talk to him. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.2. 可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格限制時(shí)名詞所有格限制時(shí) This book is mine.3. 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前 spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day but: in the spring of that year,

14、 I met him on a Monday last month.4. 稱呼語(yǔ)，表示頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱呼語(yǔ)，表示頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí) Whats this, Mother? He was made monitor. George W. Bush is president of the USA.5. 學(xué)科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前學(xué)科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess.6. 泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Computers are widely use

15、d in our daily life. They are workers.7. 在與在與by連用的交通工具名稱前連用的交通工具名稱前 by car( bus, train, water, air, land)8. 某些固定詞組中某些固定詞組中 (1). 名詞詞組名詞詞組 husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, knife and fork (2). 介詞詞組介詞詞組 to / at / from school, in class, in prison, to / at / from work in front of / in

16、the front of at table / at the table out of question / out of the question in charge of / in the charge of in possession of / in the possession of by sea / by the sea9. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，作表語(yǔ)的名詞不帶引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，作表語(yǔ)的名詞不帶冠詞。冠詞。 Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. 10. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞turn（作（作“變成變成”解）后作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)解）后作表語(yǔ)的

17、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞?？蓴?shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。 The young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer.11. 在單數(shù)名詞在單數(shù)名詞 + after + 同一單數(shù)名詞（表示同一單數(shù)名詞（表示“一一個(gè)接一個(gè)個(gè)接一個(gè)”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。）結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。 She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake12. 形容詞的最高級(jí)前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞形容詞的最高級(jí)前、序數(shù)詞前

18、也有不用定冠詞的情況。的情況?！癿ost + 形容詞原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí)”作作“十分、非常、極十分、非常、極”解解時(shí)，前面不用定冠詞。時(shí)，前面不用定冠詞。 Oh, its most beautiful.(a most beautiful picture= a very beautiful picture)當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，當(dāng)兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，第二個(gè)形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。第二個(gè)形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。 She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ)，不表示與其他人或物當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)作表

19、語(yǔ)，不表示與其他人或物相比時(shí)，其前不用定冠詞。相比時(shí)，其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時(shí)，形容詞最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時(shí)，不能用定冠詞。不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第第”之意，之意，但在但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一，又一，再一再一”之意。之意。 why you took a second

20、 arrow 注意：下句中注意：下句中“a first”表示表示“第一名、冠軍第一名、冠軍”。 He is a top student in our class, for he often gets a first in maths. 13. no與與such連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在連用時(shí)應(yīng)放在such之前，之前，such后面的后面的名詞不用冠詞。名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village.14.固定詞組固定詞組go to school (college, court, prison, work, church)be in school .

21、比較比較: He went to college last year. He went to the college last Sunday.1.George is _ English boy. His homeland “England” is _ European country. A.a; a B.an; an C.an; a D.a; an2._ a faithful animal. A.Dog is B.Dogs are C.A dog is D.An dog is3.He had done the experiment seven times without success, so

22、 he tried _ eighth time. A.a B.an C.the D./4.Hangzhou is _ most beautiful city. A.a B.an C.the D./5._ animals sleep under the snow in winter. A.Great many B.Many a C.A great many D.A great dealCABCC練一練練一練6.I came across my first teacher _. A.on a Sunday B.on the Sunday C.on the Sunday D.on Sundays7.

23、Longjing is _ wonderful Chinese tea. A.a B.an C.the D./8._ who lacks one or both parents is called an orphan. A.A child B.An child C.The child D.Child9.Where are _ ? A.a pair of slipper B.a pair of slippers C.slippers D.the slippers10._ Park Hotel is no longer the highest building in Shanghai now. A

24、.A B.An C.The D./CDAAA11.The teacher patted the boys _ affectionately. A.on their head B.on their heads C.on the head D.on the heads12.We are now living in the room whose windows face _. A.in the south B.in south C.to the south D.to south13.Her hometown is _ . A.near Mississippi B.near the Mississip

25、pi C.in Mississippi D.in the Mississippi14.As we all know, _ sun rises in _ east. A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the15.I like playing _ football, while my sisiter likes playing _ piano. A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; theDABCC16.Bats sleep in _ daytime and come out of hunt for food at _ night. A.th

26、e; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the17.We celebrate _ Internationas Womens Day on _ 8th of March. A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the18.My husband usually does not have much for _ breakfast, but he had _ big breakfast today. A. the; the B. / ; / C. /; a D. a; the19.My uncle lives in _ Seventh Street in _

27、 London. A. the; the B. /; / C.the; / D. /; the20._ is making rapid progress in _ new China. A. The science ; the B. Science; / C. The science; / D. Science; the BCCDC21.Bill Clinton was elected _ president of the United States in 1992. A. a B. an C. the D./22.She was put to _ bed whenever she did s

28、omething wrong. A.a B.an C.the D./23.Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A./; the B./; an C.an; an D.the; the24.- Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A.a; the B.the; the C.the; a D.a; aDDCD25. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A.a; / B.the; an C.the; the D./; the26. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A./ B.a C.the D.oneAC冠詞的活用 冠詞的用法比較廣泛，有一定的靈活性。掌握冠詞使用的基本規(guī)則，也需要注意其