高中英語 Unit 2 Heroes 疏導引導 北師大版 必修1

1、互動課堂 疏導引導一、詞匯詳解1.because conj. 因為【典型例句】Because of these,he failed.因為這些,他失敗了。I didnt go,because I was afraid.我沒去,因為我害怕。Tom didnt go to school because he was seriously ill.湯姆因為病得很嚴重,沒能去上學。Mary surprised a lot because of what you had said.因為你所說的話,瑪麗感到很吃驚?！局R小結】because 是連詞,后邊常使用一個完整的句子。because of 相當于一個介

2、詞短語,后用名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing 形式。【相關鏈接】表示因為的短語：due to,owing to,on account of。Due to your carelessness,you made a lot of mistakes in your exam.2.run after 追趕；追逐 【典型例句】The dog is running after a rabbit.那條狗正在追趕一只兔子。At last the police ran after the thief.警察最后終于將小偷抓住了。She runs after every good thing she meets.她追逐所

3、見過的任何美好事物。【相關鏈接】(1)run into 偶然遇到,遭遇,撞上某人某物Can you guess who I ran into today?你能猜到我今天遇到誰了嗎?The project is running into financial difficulties.這一項目遇到了資金上的困難。The bus went out of control and ran into the shop front.那輛公共汽車失去了控制,撞到了一家商店的門臉。(2)run out(of sth.) 失效,過期;用完,耗盡主語為人時用run out of sth.;主語為物時用run out

4、。My passport has run out.我的護照已經(jīng)過期。We are running out of time.我們剩下的時間不多了。3.separate 分開；分離【典型例句】Bob will separate the good apples from the bad ones.鮑勃要把好蘋果與壞蘋果分開。Taiwan is separated from the mainland by Taiwan Strait.臺灣與大陸被臺灣海峽分開了。We should never separate from the masses.我們決不能脫離群眾?！局R小結】separate from往

5、往把原來結合在一起、混合在一起的東西分開?！鞠嚓P鏈接】divide(into) 著重指將整體分成若干部分。This house has been divided into two parts.這個房子被分成了兩部分。The brain is divided into two halves,referred to as hemispheres.大腦被分成兩部分,稱為大腦兩半球。4.watch觀看；注視【典型例句】I watched the train until it completely disappeared.我看著火車直到它徹底消失。All the people watched the a

6、ctors performing in the hall.所有的人都在大廳里看著演員們表演。I will watch how the seeds come out.我將觀察種子是如何發(fā)芽的。Watch out!There is a car coming.小心!汽車來了?！局R小結】watch觀看,注視watch out(for) 提防,戒備,小心【相關鏈接】(1)look 看、投注目光,不強調(diào)結果。I looked but I couldnt see it clear.我看了下,但沒能看清楚。(2)watch 看、觀看、特別留意、帶有目的觀察。Last night I watched a mo

7、vie.我昨天晚上看了一部電影。(3)notice 看到(無意、偶爾地看到)Did you notice anything unusual?你有沒有發(fā)覺什么不正常?(4)observe 觀察,長時間觀察并研究5.call for 需要；要求；號召【典型例句】The little girl was drowned and her mother called for help.小女孩掉進了水里,她的媽媽立刻尋求幫助。Success calls for hard work.成功需要艱苦的工作?！鞠嚓P鏈接】call for 要求,需要;找某人,取東西call on 拜訪某人;號召call at 拜訪某

8、地call off 取消;走開call up 打電話;使回憶起Last week my sister and I called on our aunt.上星期我的妹妹拜訪了我們的姑母。A great poet is going to call at our school tomorrow morning.一位大詩人將會明天早晨拜訪我們學校。It is said that the concert will be called off.據(jù)說音樂會將被取消。6.interest 的用法小結【典型例句】He showed no interest in politics when he was youn

9、g.他在輕的時候?qū)φ谓z毫不感興趣。Lily always puts the interests of others before all else.Lily 始終把別人的利益放在第一位。What he said may interest you very much.他說的可能會使你很感興趣?！局R小結】interest 可以用作名詞,意思是興趣、利益、愛好等等。還可以用作動詞,意思是“使感興趣”?！鞠嚓P鏈接】interest 既可以用作名詞,也可以用作動詞。其現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞可作為形容詞用。interesting adj.令人感興趣的,有趣的interested adj.對感到有興趣的Th

10、e book is very interesting.這本書非常有趣。She was interested in what he said.她對他的話很感興趣。7.imagine 想像,猜想,料想【典型例句】Can you imagine the life without electricity?你能想像沒有電的生活嗎?I always imagine being a great scientist in the future.我總是想像著自己將來成為一位科學家。She imagines that her mother doesnt like her.她總是認為她媽媽不喜歡她?！局R小結】im

11、agine+賓語+賓補(n./v.-ing/to be)Can you imagine him becoming a great singer?你能想到他成為了一個著名的歌星嗎?Tom always imagines himself an astronaut.湯姆常常把自己想像成飛行員。You should imagine yourself to be in his place.你應該想像一下自己處于他的境地。8.receive 收到；接待【典型例句】He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.他在1965 獲得諾貝爾和平獎。I like to rece

12、ive presents on my birthday.我喜歡在我生日時收到禮物。Today our headmaster received many foreign guests.今天我們學校的校長接待了許多外國客人。He received a serious wound.他受傷很嚴重。My speech was well received.我的演講很受歡迎。She has received the Nobel Prize for physics.她曾經(jīng)獲得諾貝爾物理獎?！鞠嚓P鏈接】辨析：receive和acceptreceive收到,客觀的收到；accept收下,主觀的接受。9.look

13、forward to 希望,盼望【典型例句】I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期待著很快收到你的來信。She has been looking forward to calling on you since she saw you last.自從她上次見到你,就一直期待著能來拜訪你?！局R小結】注意to 為介詞,后要跟動詞的-ing形式、名詞或代詞。類似的短語還有turn to,refer to,pay attention to,pay a visit to,lead to,stick to,get down to,devote to

14、等。10.calm v.使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)靜adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的;風平浪靜的【典型例句】v. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.你就不要上課了,找個安靜的地方安慰你的朋友。He tried to calm the screaming baby by rocking it back and forth.他不斷地搖晃哭鬧的嬰兒,試圖把他哄得安靜下來。Have some brandy;itll calm your nerves.喝點白蘭地,這會使你緊張的神經(jīng)松弛下來。adj. After a

15、night of fighting,the streets are now calm.經(jīng)過一夜的戰(zhàn)斗,街道上現(xiàn)在平靜了。Now keep calm everyone,the police are on their way.各位,請冷靜,警察就要到了。Her voice was surprisingly calm.她的聲音出人意料地平靜。【相關鏈接】同義詞比較：quiet adj.安靜的;無動靜的silent adj.寂靜的;沉默不語的still adj.靜止的;不動的calm adj. 風平浪靜的;鎮(zhèn)靜的11. share vt.分享;均分;分擔n.一份;股份【典型例句】v.List what

16、 a good friend should do and share the list with your partners.列出來好朋友應該怎么做,并把你列出的告訴搭檔。The two friends shared everythingthey had no secrets.這一對朋友無話不談彼此之間毫無秘密。We havent enough books for everyone;some of you will share.我們的書不夠每人一本,你們中有些人得合用。He shares a house with three other students.他和另外三個學生合住一所房子。Both

17、 the drivers shared the blame for the accident.事故責任由兩個司機共同承擔。Bill and I shared an office for years.比爾和我共用一個辦公室好幾。n.We all have a share in the profits.我們都分得一份利潤。Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.明我們希望獲得更大的市場份額。I own 12 shares in an oil company.我擁有石油公司12%的股份。The total bill comes t

18、o 80,so our share is 20.總費用是80英鎊,我們應該分攤20英鎊。We must make sure that everyone gets equal shares of the food.我們必須確保每個人得到均勻的一份食品?！局R小結】(1)share sth.(out)(among/between sb.) 分給;分配;分派 (2)share sth.(with sb.) 和別人分享;和別人合用;分給別人(3)share in sth.分攤;共同承擔(4)share ones point of view 與某人有共同觀念12.get along/on with與相處

19、;進展【典型例句】Im getting along well with my classmates in my class.我和班上的同學相處得很好。Shes never really got on with her sister.她從未與妹妹和睦相處過。(=She and her sister have never really got on.她與她妹妹一直合不來。)We get along just fine together.我們相處得很融洽。Im not getting on very fast with this job.我這個工作進展不太快。Be quiet and get on

20、with your work.安靜下來,繼續(xù)干你的事。How are you getting along with your English study?你的英語學習進展如何?【知識小結】(1)get along/on with sb. 或 get on/along(together)(與某人)和睦相處;合得來;關系良好(2)get along/on with sth.(談及或問及工作情況)進展,進步;(尤指中斷后)繼續(xù)做某事13.make up用法【典型例句】make up the spare bedsActors are making up.make up a story/an excus

21、eSixty-six students make up our class.【相關鏈接】make 構成的其他重要短語:make of 制成(看出原材料)make from 制成(看不出原材料)make up for 償還,彌補make up of 由構成 make use of 利用make up ones mind 下決心去做14.with 復合結構【典型例句】Li Ming was walking,with his hands in his pocket.李明邊走邊把手放在口袋里。The thief went into the police station,with his hands t

22、ied behind him.那個小偷手被綁在后面，進了警察局。He went out of his home,with the door open.門開著,他就出去了。She is very cold,with her whole body trembling.她冷得渾身發(fā)抖?！局R小結】with 其他的復合結構:with+n.+done;with+n.+adj.;with+n.+doing;with+n.+prep.-phrase15.look 構成的一些重要短語【典型例句】I never want to look back the time when I was badly treate

23、d in the past.我永遠不想回首過去所受的不平等對待。All of us should learn how to look after the others.我們所有的人都應該學會如何去關心他人。I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.我期待著很快收到你的來信。A working group has been set up to look into the problem.已經(jīng)成立工作組來調(diào)查該問題。If you want to know how a word is used,look it up in the Advanced L

24、earners Dictionary.要想了解一個詞的用法,查閱高階詞典?！局R小結】(1)look back 回顧,回想,回首。(2)look after 照顧,照料,關心。(3)look forward to 希望,盼望。注意to 為介詞,后要跟動詞的-ing形式、名詞或代詞。(4)look into 調(diào)查,檢查,向里看。(5)look up 仰視,查閱詞、資料等。16.leave 構成的重要短語【典型例句】Dont leave the door open,because I have got a cold.不要開著門,因為我感冒了。Both of the parents went out

25、,leaving the little girl crying.小女孩的父母都出去了,留下她一個人在那兒哭。His parents died a few years ago,leaving him an orphan.他的父母幾都去世后,他便成為了一名孤兒。I left my son in the garden and left in a hurry.我把兒子留在花園里,匆忙地離開了?！局R小結】leave的復合結構leave+n.+adj.;leave+n.+v.-ing;leave+n.+n.;leave+n.+prep.【相關鏈接】(1)leave alone別管;別動;讓獨自待著(2)

26、leave behind遺留,留下;不帶走;留在身后(3)leave for動身去某地(4)leave off 停止;中斷(5)leave sb./sth. out(of sth.)排除在外;忽略17.expect 期待,盼望;預期,預料【典型例句】I am expecting the letter from Tom.我期待著收到湯姆的來信。I expected Ding Junhui to the match at that time.那時我盼望著丁俊暉贏得比賽。She expects to come back next week.她預計下星期回來。You would expect that

27、 there would be disagreement about this.你會料到此事會有嚴重分歧。【知識小結】常用的結構有:(1)expect sth.;(2)expect to do sth.;(3)expect sb. to sth.;(4)expect clause18.as 的基本用法【典型例句】I never heard such stories as he told.我從來都沒有聽過像他講的那樣的故事。I read the letter as I walked along the river.我一邊沿著小河走,一邊看信。We all like him as he is ve

28、ry kind.我們都很喜歡他,因為他非常友好。Tired as they were,they walked on.盡管他們很疲勞,但他們還是繼續(xù)向前走。As a doctor,we should serve the people heart and soul.作為一名醫(yī)生,我們應該全心全意為人民服務?！局R小結】用作連詞：和一樣;當?shù)臅r候;因為,由于;雖然,盡管(表示讓步)用作介詞：作為,如同 e 構成的部分重要短語【典型例句】I have just came across an old friend.我剛剛遇到了一位老朋友。How did it come about yesterday?昨

29、天這件事是如何發(fā)生的?It come out that he had been stealing from his friends.真相大白了,原來他一直在偷朋友的東西。He came through a terrible earthquake when he was in Japan.他在日本的時候經(jīng)歷了一場可怕的地震。After a while,he came to himself.過了一會兒,他才蘇醒?！局R小結】1)come across 偶然遇到;碰到2)come about 發(fā)生;進行3)come out 出來,出版;發(fā)芽,開花;(秘密)傳出,露出4)come through 經(jīng)歷

30、困難等;獲得成功;身體恢復20.too much 太(多)【典型例句】But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.但是因為月光太亮了，我不敢開窗戶。I cant look after six children at my ageits too much.我這個齡照看不了六個孩子工作量太大了。I dont want to depend too much on my parents.我不想過度依賴父母。However,some psychologists warn that too much study ca

31、n prevent a child from developing normally.然而心理學家警告說學生負擔太重會阻止孩子正常發(fā)育。I cant helpIve got too much to do as it is.我?guī)筒簧厦ξ乙呀?jīng)有太多的工作了?！局R小結】too much表示“太、過于”,含有超過某種需要或程度之意。(=more than enough)【相關鏈接】too much,too many和much too 辨析(1)too much可獨立作狀語、主語、賓語或表語;又可作定語,修飾不可數(shù)名詞。be too much(for sb.)意思是“非力所能及;非應付得了;非所能忍受

32、”。(2)too many可作定語,修飾可數(shù)名詞。(3)much too只能用于修飾形容詞或副詞,不可修飾動詞,不可單獨使用。21.in order to 目的是;為的是【典型例句】He came home early in order to see the children before they went to bed.為了在孩子們睡覺之前看看他們,他回家很早。I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her.我同意她的建議為的是不讓她難過。He told a lie in order to ask for a leave.為了請假他

33、撒了謊。Please keep quiet in order to listen to the teacher clearly.為了聽清楚老師的講課,請保持安靜?！鞠嚓P鏈接】in order that,in order to,so that,so as to辨析(1)in order to相當于so as to后跟動詞原形,此時不定式的邏輯主語應與句子的主語保持一致。但是,so as to結構不放在句首。(2)so that,in order that常與情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,will,would連用,引導目的狀語從句。so that和in order that引導目

34、的狀語從句時,如果主句主語與從句主語一致,也可以換成so as to do/in order to do。(3)in order to,so as to的否定形式通常在to前直接加not,即in order not to和so as not to。22.agree 同意,贊同;愿意【典型例句】After she heard what I said,she agreed with me immediately.聽我說完以后,她馬上就同意了我的觀點。Finally the headmaster agreed to the students suggestion.最后校長同意了學生的建議。We ag

35、reed on the plan.我們對這個計劃看法相同。My parents agreed to go to the cinema with me and buy me a present tonight.我的父母同意和我一起去看電影并給我買了個禮物。She agreed that I was right.她同意我說的是正確的?！局R小結】(1)同意某人 agree with sb. (2)同意提議、計劃、辦法 agree to(3)表示具體協(xié)議的文件,計劃,行動 agree on(4)同意做某事 agree to do sth.5)agree+clause二、句型剖析1.while等連詞引

36、導的狀語從句中主語和be的省略【典型例句】While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的時候,你不小心松了手,狗被汽車撞了。While still a student,she played roles in many plays.=While she was still a student,she played roles in many plays.在她還是個學生的時候,她就在許多劇中扮演角色。When asked about the secret of his succes

37、s,Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.=When he was asked about the secret.當被問到他成功的秘密時,史蒂文斯皮爾伯格說他把他的成功和幸福歸功于他的妻子和孩子?！局R小結】當when,while,until,if,unless等連詞引導的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同,同時含有be動詞,或從句的主謂部分為it和be動詞時,可以省去主語和be。2.it is time(for sb.) to do sth. 該某

38、人做某事了【典型例句】Its time to play games.到玩游戲的時間了。Its time for us to go to bed.我們應該上床休息了。Its time I went and picked up my little girl from school.時間到了,我應該去學校接我的女兒了。Its the first time that I have seen such a big watermelon.這是我第一次見到這么大的西瓜。It was the second time that I had been to Europe.這是我第二次去歐洲。【知識小結】its t

39、ime to do. 到了該做什么事情的時間了its time+that從句(從句用虛擬語氣,一般用過去時態(tài))It(This) is/was the first/second/third.time that.“某人第幾次做什么事情”。在結構中,引導的是定語從句,可以省略,時態(tài)必須用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)或過去完成時態(tài)。3.since 從以來的用法【典型例句】I havent eaten since breakfast.吃了早飯后到現(xiàn)在我還什么都沒吃呢。Shes been working in a bank since leaving school.自從離開學校后,她就一直在銀行工作。Where have

40、 you been since I last saw you?自從上次見到你以后,你去哪里了?It was the first time Id won since Id learnt to play chess.自從我學會下國際象棋以來,這是我第一次贏。How long is it since I visited your mother?自從我看望你母親以來,有多長時間了?Since youre right,you can laugh.你對了那就笑吧?！局R小結】(1)since用作介詞,常與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和過去完成時態(tài)連用;(2)since用作連詞,常與主句中的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、過去完成時態(tài)連用。

41、(3)it is+時間段+since+一般過去式(4)since引導原因狀語從句4.“too+adj./adv.+to do” 結構You are too young to understand such things.你太輕不懂得這些事情。The problem is too difficult for me to work out.這道題太難,我做不出來。She was too surprised to see how angry Mary was.當她看到瑪麗那么生氣時,她很吃驚。She is too careful not to have noticed it.她那么細心,不會不注意到

42、這一點。It is never too late to learn.活到老學到老。She is rather too sure of herself.她未免有點太自信了?！局R小結】表示否定的意義,意思為“太而不能”;某些形容詞與too連用表示肯定的意義,在本結構中相當于very或very much。這些形容詞主要是表示心情。如glad,pleased,surprised,delighted,happy,easy,eager,anxious等,也有描述性的形容詞,如good,kind,true等;too不能用在very,fairly或quite后,但它的前面可以用a bit,a little,

43、rather,a lot,much或far來修飾,表示程度不同。5.祈使句+and/or結構【典型例句】Hurry up,or you will be late.=If you dont hurry up,you will be late.快點,要不你就要遲到了。Work harder,and you will succeed.=If you work harder,you will succeed.再努力些,你就會成功了。One more effort,and you will make it.再努力一點,你就會成功?！局R小結】and/or常連接帶有祈使句的并列結構,在這種句式中,祈使句相

44、當于一種條件,而后面的句子相當于一種結果。and和or后的時態(tài)多用將來時態(tài)。句首的祈使句部分有時可用一個短語構成。三、難句透視1.When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle,Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations,expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.當飛船飛行到第七圈的時候,楊利偉展示了中國和聯(lián)合國國旗,表達了中國人民和平開發(fā)和使用太空資源的

45、良好愿望?！酒饰觥縲hen引導時間狀語從句,句子的主句是Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations,expressing伴隨前面的動作showed。2.Yang Liwei,who was a pilot in the army,was chosen from 1500 other army pilots and started training for his historical space flight in 1998.楊利偉是軍隊里的一名飛行員,他是從1500名軍隊飛行員中選出來的,并且從1998就開始為這次歷

46、史性的太空飛行開始了訓練?！酒饰觥縲ho從句是非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Yang Liwei,即整個句子的主語;非限制性定語從句的引導詞既可以代指前面的某個先行詞,也可以代指前面的整句話。常見的引導詞主要有which,who,where,whom,when,whose等。3.“When the spaceship was lifting off,I could really feel the high gravity,”said Yang Liwei,“when the spaceship separated from the rocket,I suddenly got a feeling

47、of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity.”“當飛船起飛的時候,我能明顯地感覺到巨大的地球引力,而當飛船同火箭分開的時候，因為沒有引力,我突然有一種放松高飛的感覺?！睏罾麄フf。【剖析】said Yang Liwei 的兩邊都是整個句子的賓語,在兩個賓語從句中,都包括一個主從復合句,而不是簡單句。希望同學們注意體會。分析句子的時候,善于把握句子的主干,這樣就好進行翻譯了。4.As Yang Liwei returned into the earths atmosphere,helicopters were already flying to the landing site,ready to collect him.楊利偉在返回地球大氣層時,直升機早就飛到了降落地點,做好了準備迎接英雄的到來?！酒饰觥縜s引導的時間狀語從句,表示一邊一邊;ready to collect him 是形容詞短語作狀語,表示伴隨。5.In a recent interview,Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising on a local tennis court and they had to run and hide as bullet