非謂語動(dòng)詞關(guān)于位置

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式1.謂語動(dòng)詞：謂語動(dòng)詞：概述：概述：2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞：非謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞 是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分作除謂語外的所有成分動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to

2、have done二二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。語定語、狀語等成份。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to stu

3、dy English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(1)作主語作主語 不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主語，將做形式主語，將to do放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 謂語謂語 + to doIt

4、takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains句型句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for

5、me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.常見動(dòng)詞有：常見動(dòng)詞有：

6、口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇 want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise(2)作賓語作賓語 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等等I dont

7、 expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做賓語接不定式做賓語 B. 常跟疑問詞常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.I do

8、nt know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. (3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語(與賓語之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系與賓語之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5

9、. He asked me _do the work with him4. it作形式賓語作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。作形式賓語。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth.

10、1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day. 5.I have something to tell you. (不定式作不定式作定語定語) )不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Do you have a

11、nything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( (區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語 She is the last to leave the room.不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞 He is looking for a room to live in. 注意：注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如果不定

12、式是不及物的，它后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作狀語作狀語表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的目的) (原因原因)(結(jié)果結(jié)果) (條件條件)動(dòng)名詞

13、（動(dòng)名詞（gerund）一一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二二. 動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞的性質(zhì)動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有具有名詞的特點(diǎn)，具體表現(xiàn)為：1.動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾動(dòng)名詞可以被定冠詞和物主代詞修飾I hope you dont mind my saying it.2. 動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語動(dòng)名詞可帶有自己的賓語和狀語Are you for or against having the meeting.I i

14、nsisted on leaving at once.三三.動(dòng)名詞的功用動(dòng)名詞的功用1.可作主語可作主語Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nur

15、ses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.2.可作賓語可作賓語 S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：這類動(dòng)詞有：避免錯(cuò)過避免錯(cuò)過 (少) 延期延期

16、 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成建議完成 (多) 練習(xí)練習(xí) suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象喜歡想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認(rèn)承認(rèn) 否定否定 (與) 嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫逃脫 冒險(xiǎn)冒險(xiǎn) (莫) 原諒原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 (不) 在意在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在動(dòng)詞注：在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, advise,

17、 allow, forbid(forbid(禁止禁止) )，permitpermit（允許）（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚。我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚。 People are not allowed to fish here. 人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚。人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚。 prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep

18、 on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)作介詞作介詞/短語動(dòng)詞的賓語短語動(dòng)詞的賓語:S. + v. + prep. + doinge.g.She sat there without (speak)I look forward to (see) him again.Are you used to (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh).I

19、dont feel like (go) to see the film.He was busy (prepare) his lessons.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得)使用動(dòng)名詞作賓使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形語時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義to be done使用不定式作使用不定式作賓語時(shí)，依然賓語時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形式表用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This p

20、air of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss)d）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)心理或一次具體動(dòng)作作”。當(dāng)用在當(dāng)用在 should, would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。例。例如：如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜歡游泳，

21、但今天我不愿去游泳。我喜歡游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。What would you like to eat tonight?你今晚上想吃什么？你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；go on；Others Examples五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語1).物主代詞物主代詞 / 名詞所有格名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語在句中作主語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? D

22、o you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (th

23、em) smoking.分詞：分詞：Participles一一 分詞的概述分詞的概述1. 分詞是分詞是“非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在分詞（在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語、定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。作表語、定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分

24、詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)上：語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分詞的作用二、分詞的作用1、作定語、作定語分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞分詞作定語有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾

25、的名詞之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，之前，稱為前置定語。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語。稱為后置定語。（1）前置定語）前置定語He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我們只賣用過的書。我們只賣用過的書。（2）后置定語）后置定語The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。如果是單

26、詞，放在被修飾的名詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。前；如果是短語，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。（3）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后，）分詞短語作定語必須置于被修飾詞之后， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club sho

27、uld sign here. )想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。想加入本俱樂部的人在這里簽名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。由于被嚴(yán)重困擾，這個(gè)人幾乎失去了記憶。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和）過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成。如：完成，只表完成。如：the question dis

28、cussed yesterday 昨天討論的問題昨天討論的問題 （既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的樹葉落下的樹葉 (只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng))2、作表語、作表語分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：分詞作表語表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。What you said is really inspiring. 你所說的真令從鼓舞。你所說的真令從鼓舞。3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語、作賓語補(bǔ)足語可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的謂語動(dòng)詞有可以跟賓語補(bǔ)足語的

29、謂語動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。等詞。I saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom.我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍?。我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?We found the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( sin

30、ging , sung ) in English . 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別四、作狀語四、作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt he

31、lp crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 拔高部分 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成（以構(gòu)成（以study和和go為例）為例） 及物與不及物動(dòng)詞及物與不及物動(dòng)詞 語態(tài)語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 類別類別 及及 物物 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式一般式 studying being studied going完成式完成式 having studied

32、 having been studied having going過去分詞過去分詞一般式一般式 studied gone被動(dòng)式：被動(dòng)式： being done 表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的完成動(dòng)作。1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示

33、的所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him. Given more time, we could do it better.3.由There being +主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till mid

34、night.因?yàn)橛性S多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：則是： Change the following into the simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)關(guān)于邏輯主語的問題動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是：則是： Change the following into t

35、he simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別：A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的， 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由 for 引起的短語。B: 下列形容詞作表語時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè) of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude

36、, polite,naughty etc.（3）做表語：主語）做表語：主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+不定式不定式1). 其主語多為抽象名詞其主語多為抽象名詞(wish, need) My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2).be to do可構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)可構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài),表表 “準(zhǔn)備準(zhǔn)備/打算打算/計(jì)劃計(jì)劃/需需要要”; She is to return next week.It was about to leave when it started to rain.不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞bu

37、t，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，不定式作定語時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I h

38、ave a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶

39、不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go(4)作定語作定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，不定式作定語時(shí)， 通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如： I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read. She was the first person to

40、think of the idea. They made a plan to study English . He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 1). 目的狀語目的狀語: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào)表強(qiáng)調(diào). He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time2). 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語:主要用在

41、主要用在enough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。The question is too difficult to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因狀語原因狀語: 主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮憂慮), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.Im very sorry to see you.He was afr

42、aid to leave him home動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)只有以下幾種，見下表。 語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 主 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 一般時(shí) to make to be made 進(jìn)行時(shí) to be making 完成時(shí) to have made to have been made 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) to have been makingWhen I got home, my son happened to be watching TV. 如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。 She is said to have read thirty novels this year. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long After graduation, he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. This nov