湖北高考英語完成句子解題思路

1、湖北高考英語完成句子解題思路 一、 完成句子五步法1. 確定句子的主干（主謂賓），看所考查部分在句中的成分；2. 確定句子的總體時態(tài)；3. 將所給漢語部分譯成英語；4. 結(jié)合句子主干及時態(tài)確定應(yīng)完成部分的正確形式；5. 通讀全句檢查錯誤。二、 高考?？颊Z法點1. 形容詞及副詞的比較等級（比較級、最高級、倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法）；2. 動詞的11種時態(tài)及語態(tài)；（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時、將來完成時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的主動及被動語態(tài)）；3. 非謂語動詞（動詞不定式主動、將來及目的、v-ing主動，進(jìn)行，習(xí)慣、過去分詞被動及完成）；4. 定語從句（限定性定語從句、非限定性定語從句）Ther

2、e are 40 students in our class, _(其中30來自) our city. (come) (定語從句中，介詞引導(dǎo)詞只有兩種情形：“介詞whom”用來指人，“介詞which”用來指物)This is our school library, _(在它的西邊)is our experimenting building. (west) to the west of which5. 名詞性從句（四種：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）6. 倒裝（部分倒裝、完全倒裝）7. 強調(diào)句（it句型的用法）8. 形式主語、形式賓語I find it easy（發(fā)現(xiàn)容易）to fi

3、nish the project myself. (easy)It is difficult for me to work it out myself.9. 特殊句型及短語（As far as I am concerned, 據(jù)我所知，）10. 虛擬語氣（最簡單的句型，wish, would rather, Its time that sb did/ should do, “條件句主句”的表示現(xiàn)在、將來、過去的虛擬）三、 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯With+賓語賓語補足語（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）, 主語+謂語例：With a lot of difficult problems to settle

4、(有許多難題要解決), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks. (settle) (to settle表示將來或目的) With so many people communicating in English(有許多人用英語交流), it has become an international language. (communicate) （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、進(jìn)行）With so many eyes fixed on her(有很多人看著她), she appeared a little nervous.(fix) (過去分詞表示被動、完成)分析

5、：上面三個例句中，根據(jù)漢語提示和括號中所給的詞，我們可以判斷需要完成的部分是動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，括號后面的動詞已經(jīng)提供了，所以這里考查的重點不在于選用什么詞的問題，而在于這些詞該用什么形式的問題，把三個例句放在一起分析，共同的是前面都有介詞with, 那么這三個空能填一樣的形式嗎？所以這里的考點就很清楚了，老師講解的重點在于with后的賓語補足語的形式，當(dāng)然with后的賓語補足語的形式還有很多，但在這一題型中主要考動詞的形式。根據(jù)with結(jié)構(gòu)： with + 賓語 + to do (不定式) 含義： 有事情要做；動作沒發(fā)生； with + 賓語 + doing (現(xiàn)在分詞) 含義： 充當(dāng)“賓語”這個名詞

6、是doing這個動作的發(fā)出者，體現(xiàn)的是主動關(guān)系或正在進(jìn)行的動作； with + 賓語 + done (過去分詞。表被動、完成) 含義： 充當(dāng)“賓語”，這個名詞是done這個動作的承受者，即被動關(guān)系，動作已發(fā)生。 With+賓語+介詞短語With a baby in her arms, a young lady came in. =Baby in arms, a young lady came in. 有了這里的分析作基礎(chǔ)，上面三道例題以及其它與with有關(guān)的問題基本上就能得到解決。 They sat together around the corner, with the door shut

7、(門關(guān)著). (shut) (2007年湖北省英語高考試卷 31) 四、 情態(tài)動詞 + 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯(實質(zhì)：情態(tài)動詞對過去動作的推測或陳述) 情態(tài)動詞的其他形式：情態(tài)動詞動詞原形；情態(tài)動詞be done(被動式)；情態(tài)動詞be doing(must be doing) 例：We neednt have taken a taxi (原本不需要坐出租車) to the railway station, its only five-minute walk.(need, not) He cant have gone to Paris (不可能去了巴黎)，for I met him at th

8、e company five minutes ago.(can, not) You shouldnt have treated him like that (不應(yīng)該那樣對他的), after all, he didnt mean any harm to you. (should, not) He must have studied abroad (一定在國外學(xué)習(xí)過), for he speaks English as fluently as a foreigner. (must) You jumped from the high wall? You might have broken your

9、 legs (可能會摔斷腿的). (might) I could have done much better (本來可以做得更好的) in the examination, but I wasnt careful enough.(could) 分析： 以上六個例句中，根據(jù)后面所提供的詞，我們都知道它們涉及到情態(tài)動詞的用法。情態(tài)動詞的含義和用法多種多樣，這些例句主要涉及到情態(tài)動詞接現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)這一用法。情態(tài)動詞不同，含義當(dāng)然不一樣，但相同的是后面的完成時態(tài)都表示和過去有關(guān)的語氣，理解這一點是做好這一類結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯的關(guān)鍵，而情態(tài)動詞接完成時態(tài)又是完成句子中的一個重要考點。如： (2007年湖北省英語高

10、考試卷 40) It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: He may (might / could) have had a hand in (可能參與) planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones.(hand) 要把例子中所給漢語翻譯過來是很容易的，但重要的是要用正確的形式。對這一結(jié)構(gòu)，首先需要理解現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)形式和過去有關(guān)，其次需要記住不同的情態(tài)動詞在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的含義： neednt have don

11、e . 過去沒有必要做的事卻做了 didnt need to do過去沒有必要做的事，事實上也沒做cant have done . 過去不可能做過 should have done . 過去本應(yīng)該做的事而沒做; shouldnt have done .過去本不應(yīng)該做的事做了 must have done . 過去一定做過 may / might have done . 過去很可能做(暗含沒發(fā)生) could have done . 過去本來能夠做到而沒做到 （而should have done表示的是“義務(wù)、責(zé)任”）理解了不同情態(tài)動詞加現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)這一結(jié)構(gòu)的含義，以上問題便可迎刃而解。 情態(tài)動

12、詞被動語態(tài) 五、 倒裝句型的翻譯 部分倒裝：部分都裝標(biāo)志詞+助動詞(be的所有形式，do的所有形式，have的所有形式，will, shall, should, would)或情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語（2007年湖北省英語高考試卷 39）Not only will help be given to(要幫助) the disabled to find jobs, but medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.(give) 倒裝的類型很多，?？嫉挠幸韵聨追N： So shallow is the lake (這湖太淺了) tha

13、t no fish can live in it. (so) So difficult did he find (他發(fā)現(xiàn)) it to work out the problem that he decided to give it up. (find) Only by working hard can you (只有通過努力你才能) stand among the top students. (only) Only when we lose something will we realize (我們才會意識到) how important it is to us. (realize) Hard

14、ly had he arrived (他一到達(dá)) at his office when he began to work. (arrive) Child as he is (盡管他是個孩子), he knows a lot. (as) Not until they finished the work did they return home (他們才回家). (return) 分析： 這類詞有：not, never, seldom, few, little, no, nor, not onlybut also，rarely, by no means決不、 in no way不可能. 這種情況都

15、用部分倒裝。如：Seldom does he help me, so I dislike him. （部分倒裝實際是用將助動詞提到句子主語前。am, is, are, was, were, do, did, does, have, had, had, will, would, could, 還可以用情態(tài)動詞提前。） 對于完成句子中倒裝句的考查主要是要求學(xué)生熟悉倒裝的類型，即句子在什么情況下需要倒裝。這是一個熟練的過程，當(dāng)遇到考題時，根據(jù)題目中的暗示，確定句子需要用倒裝句型，然后選擇正確的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞等放到主語前，上述例子是本題型中常出現(xiàn)的考點，并都提供了要用倒裝句的線索，只要正確地運用助動

16、詞或情態(tài)動詞，我們就能輕而易舉地得到答案。 Never have I been to the USA. 我從沒去過美國。Little have I known the fact. 我只知道一點真相。John doesnt like swimming and likes skating, _(Kate也一樣)。(so) I like go climbing, _(我的確喜歡)。（so） 倒裝的特例：1 There be (is, am, are, was, were)2. There exists (existed) 某地存在There exist a few errors (有一些錯誤) in

17、 his newly completed composition. (exist) 3. There lives/lived/live 某地住著某人4. There lies/lied/ lie.有，坐落，位于 There lies a large lake in the centre of Wuhan City. 全部倒裝的特例：(將句子的謂語部分全部提到主語前面)1. Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。2.Out rushed the boy. Out he rushed. (如果句子的主語是人稱代詞，不倒裝)3. There goes the bell. 4. Away

18、they went. Away went the boy. 那男孩離開了。 六、 動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯 動詞一向是英語考試的重點，它的重要性在完成句子中也完全體現(xiàn)出來了。遇到動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯，首先要根據(jù)整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷我們需要完成的部分中的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。如果是謂語動詞，就需要考慮到動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)；如果句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞，要完成的部分需要用非謂語動詞，則需要考慮非謂語動詞的正確形式，即用不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。謂語動詞(即要完成的部分所含的動詞在句中作謂語)：時態(tài)（11種，?？嫉臅r態(tài)有， 現(xiàn)在完成時；進(jìn)行時； 將來完成式will have done，將來進(jìn)行時will

19、be doing， 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/has been doing）;被動語態(tài)（be done, be being done, will/would be done, to be done, have/has been done, 情態(tài)動詞+be done）非謂語動詞(即要完成的句子本身已有謂語動詞，那么所給的動詞在句中只能被視作非謂語動詞-表將來的to do, 表進(jìn)行的doing以及表被動和完成的done)（一） 謂語動詞的時態(tài) 在完成句子中，關(guān)于動詞時態(tài)的主要考點有： By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left (已前往)

20、for London to attend a meeting.(leave) (將來完成式)By the time he hurried to the airport, the plane had already taken off (已經(jīng)起飛了). (take off) （過去完成時） It was （is）the third time that he had (has) been informed of (得知) the changes of the meeting. (inform) (完成式) Its high time that the government took (should

21、 take) measures (采取措施) to prevent pollution. (measure) （虛擬語氣） We dont like him as he is always talking about his past (總講他的過去). (always) （動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時同表示頻率的副詞always, frequently, constantly, usually, often 表示說話人的情感，如厭惡、贊揚等.又如，He is always telling lies.）完成句子在很多方面都會涉及到謂語動詞的時態(tài)問題，但考得較多的有將來完成時（Two years later

22、, I will have graduated from senior high school. By the end of this month, we will have finished this project. ）、過去完成時 (Hardly had I got to the cinema when it began to rain. No soonerthan )，還有進(jìn)行時(This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris. )。動詞的正確時態(tài)一般由時間狀語決定，介詞by表達(dá)的時間是一個考查重點，by后接一個表示將來的時間，句子一般用將來

23、完成時；by后接一個表示過去的時間，句子一般情況下要用過去完成時；always一般用在一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中。 （二）非謂語動詞的形式 非謂語動詞是這一題型的必考考點，也是學(xué)生們?nèi)菀资Х值牡胤健７侵^語動詞一直是語法中的一個難點，所以非謂語動詞在完成句子中出現(xiàn)更是增加了考試的難度，但它也不是解決不了的問題。解題時首先要求學(xué)生對非謂語動詞的形式有個清楚的了解。非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞三種。這三種形式看起來不難，一般來說能分清楚在什么情況下使用它們就行了，難就難在根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的時間和語態(tài)，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞又有各種不同的形式，所以理解每一種形式的含義非常重要。（不定式的形式有：to do,

24、 to be done, to have done, to be doing ; 現(xiàn)在分詞的形式有：doing, being done; having doneHaving finished the homework, he went out; to be doing）如to have done結(jié)構(gòu)：He seemed/appeared/ happened to have been there, for he knows much about it. （不定式中、動作發(fā)生在過去全部用have done）to be doing結(jié)構(gòu)：He seems/ happens/ appears to be

25、 doing his homework. He pretended to be sleeping （睡著了）. 例如： The bridge to be built (要修建的) will join that island to their city. (build) (不定式的被動式, 將來被動) 分析： 從所給的詞和漢語提示可以判斷出這里要填的是動詞，句子中已有了謂語動詞will join，所以要用非謂語動詞的形式。根據(jù)句子的含義可以看出“修建”這個動作沒有發(fā)生，非謂語動詞的三種形式中只有不定式的一般時態(tài)表示動作沒有發(fā)生，因此應(yīng)該用不定式。另外從語態(tài)上可以判斷用被動語態(tài)，兩方面合在一起，正

26、確答案就出來了。 The bridge being built (正在修建的) will join that island to their city. (build) （現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式）例與例只是時態(tài)不一樣。三種非謂語形式中只有現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行時態(tài)，語態(tài)和例一樣，所以，正確答案應(yīng)該為being built。 The bridge built last year (去年修建的) is very important in joining that island to their city. (build) （過去分詞的一般式）過去分詞表示動作已完成，語態(tài)為被動形式， 所以正確答案為built

27、last year。 做好和非謂語動詞有關(guān)的翻譯練習(xí)，關(guān)鍵在于理解每一種形式的正確含義并理解整個句子的含義，同時多練習(xí)，這樣才能熟練掌握。 七、從句的翻譯 完成句子還可能包括一個完整的句子，如果不加分析，只按照漢語翻譯的話，可能會漏掉連接詞的問題。因此，除了看漢語提示，還得分析和判斷需要完成的是什么從句，該用的連接詞是什么，然后按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯過來。常見的重要考點有： What comedians have in common(喜劇演員的共同點) with other players in a concert is their way of playing with words.(commo

28、n) （havein common）Its uncertain whether he will come to my wedding. The news that our team won (我們隊贏得比賽) the match made us excited. (win) (能被同位語從句說明的名詞有：news, information, belief, rumour, reply, hope, thought, question)He is a famous professor, whose wife is a excellent doctor.(他的妻子是一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生) The mom

29、ent (一就) I saw him, I knew there was no hope.(moment) Hardly (No sooner) had I got to the cinema(我一到電影院) when (than) it began to rain. （get）You can use my bike on condition that you take good care of it (只要你能愛護(hù)它). (condition) (on condition that=if, providing, provided)This comment applies to every s

30、tate-run hotel in the country, as is said in the document (這在文件中已說過). (as) 【sign up for/apply for / apply to/ application/applied English grammar】 Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor in case you have to wait (以防你不得不等候). (case) As is reported (這一點已報道) in the newspaper, ta

31、lks between the two countries are making progress. (as) 八、特殊的句型翻譯 It occurred to me (我突然想到) that I hadnt locked the car. (occur) There is no need (沒有必要) to create new art as many people find new art difficult to appreciate. (need) It is said that (據(jù)說) the King was encouraged by the spider weaving it

32、s web in the cave where he was hiding and defeated his enemy at last.(say) There seemed to be no point (似乎毫無意義) in working on my PhD. I didnt expect to survive that long.(point) It is no wonder (難怪) he didnt attend the conference. (wonder) It makes no difference (沒什么關(guān)系)to me whether he will come or

33、not. (difference) When it came to(當(dāng)提到) the suggestion, the boss went angry. (come) When+ doing/done , 主語+謂語When (you are) crossing the street, you should be more careful.When (one is) criticized, every one will feel embarrassed. 所謂特殊句型就是關(guān)于某個詞的固定表達(dá)和固定含義，掌握它關(guān)鍵在于平時的積累。 It句型總結(jié)（點擊獲取超鏈接）九、詞和短語的翻譯 關(guān)于詞和短語的考

34、點在于特殊詞的用法，如despite表達(dá)“盡管”之類的讓步關(guān)系時，是一個介詞，所以后面接賓語（名詞或動名詞等）；另外，特殊短語的搭配也是重要考點，學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要善于總結(jié)和積累，把含義和用法結(jié)合起來，那么在考試時就能靈活自如地運用了。 十、虛擬語氣基本格式1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣形式If +主語+動詞的過去式(be要用were)，主句主語+would (或should ，could, might )+動詞原形。If he were here, I would tell him the secret.= Were he here, I would tell him the secret.

35、If you telephoned her now, I would give you a hug.2。與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣形式If +主語+ had +過去分詞，主句主語+would(或should，could，might ) +have +過去分詞。If you had gone there yesterday, you would have been given a present. = Had you gone there yesterday, you would have been given a present.3。與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣形式If+主語+動詞的過去式(或wer

36、e to+動詞原形，或should+動詞原形)，主句主語+would (或should，could，might)+動詞原形。If it rained tomorrow, I wouldnt go there.= If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go there.(=Were it to rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go there.)=If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go there.(=Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go there.)

37、16; 虛擬語氣特例1。虛擬語氣用在動詞wish帶的賓語從句中 ，賓語從句的謂語動詞形式為：謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)表示現(xiàn)在的情況。 謂語動詞用過去完成式表示過去的情況。 謂語動詞用would(或could，might)+動詞原形表示將來的情況。 2. as if (=as though)引導(dǎo)的從句和if only后面所跟的句子也要用虛擬語氣，其形式和動詞wish所帶的賓語從句的形式相同。3。用介詞短語(without，but for)、副詞(otherwise)表示某種假設(shè)的情況，相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。如：Without electricity, human life wou

38、ld be quite different today. (對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M)Without your timely help, I wouldnt have finished the project. (對過去的虛擬)4。虛擬語氣用在It + be + important (necessary，strange，natural)+that 從句（形式主語）句型中，that從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為“(should+)動詞原形”。（要注意被動語態(tài)）如：It is necessary that he be sent to the hospital at once. 5. 虛擬語氣用在It +be +ti

39、me +that clause句型中，that clause 的謂語動詞應(yīng)為“動詞的過去式(be用were)或should+動詞原形”。如：It is time that he went /should go to bed. 6。虛擬語氣用在order，ask，suggest(建議)，demand, request, insist(堅持要)等動詞后面的賓語從句中，賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為“(should+)動詞原形”。如：He suggested that she start/should start at once. 7。虛擬語氣用在advice, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal 等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，從句在的謂語動詞應(yīng)為“(should+)動詞原形”。如：My suggestion is that you should