考研英語模擬試題及答案

1、精品文檔2018 考研英語模擬試題一及答案Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes! 1 helping you feel close and 2 to peopl

2、e you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University inPennsylvania examined the effect

3、s of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 a

4、bout 32percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugshad less severe 12 .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor o

5、f psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release ofoxytocin, often called the bonding hormone 18 it promotes attachment in relationshi

6、ps, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1A UnlikeB BesidesC DespiteD Throughout2A connecte

7、dB restrictedC equalD inferior3A choiceB viewC lessonD host4A recallB forgetC avoidD keep5A collectingB involvingC guidingD affecting6A ofB inC atD on7A devotedB exposedC lostD attracted8A acrossB alongC downD out9A calculatedB deniedC doubtedD imagined.10 A servedB requiredC restoredD explained11 A

8、 EvenB StillC RatherD Thus12 A defeatsB symptomsC testsD errors13 A minimizedB highlightedC controlledD increased14 A equippedB associatedC presentedD compared15 A assessB moderateC generateD record16 A in the face ofB in the form ofC in the way ofD in the name of17 A transferB commitC attributeD re

9、turn18 A becauseB unlessC thoughD until19 A emergesB vanishesC remainsD decreases20 A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluencesSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the AN

10、SWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommendingpeople show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security pr

11、ocedures in return for increasedsafety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process

12、. Andit should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) foundin a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and real-past airport security nearly every ti

13、me they tried .Enhancedsecurity measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicagos OHare International .It is not yet clear how muchmore effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate

14、the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports haveonly so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the

15、 airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushingto hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use ex

16、pedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengersmust pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks

17、 fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most ofthe travelin

18、g public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.C explain Americans tolerance of current security c

19、hecks.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word expedited

20、(Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning toA faster.B quieter.C wider.D cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program isA A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly-directed implementation.C The governments reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the followin

21、g would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes Text 2The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigningmonarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the

22、most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna

23、 Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by someHawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where cond

24、itions allow telescopesto obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereig

25、n nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to buildbigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They didnot always prioritizethe protectionof Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabi

26、tants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. Thesame curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis

27、 shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomyand Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps

28、that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsitewas chosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoid archaeological and en

29、vironmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returnedto a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen L

30、iliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as a

31、n ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating

32、 history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiia

33、n culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that whichmak

34、es life worthwhile.WithBritainvoting toleave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.

35、 It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why didover 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnin

36、gs about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light onthat question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is trans

37、lated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP , over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their o

38、wn challenges , there are a numberof consistentthemes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but inkey indicatorsin areas such as healthand education, majoreconomieshave continuedto decline . Yet this isnt the case with all countries . Some relatively poor E

39、uropean countries have seen huge improvementsacross measures includingcivil society , incomeequalityand the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the solemeasure of a countrys success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was refer

40、ring to was that while GDP has been the most common methodfor measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.T

41、he sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline inthe everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improvingwell-beingrather than simply worryingabout GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and

42、 may even see progress .31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because heApraised the UK for its GDP. Bidentified GDP with happiness . Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP . Dhad a low opinion of GDP .32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatA the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .BGDP as the me

43、asure of success is widely defied in the UK . Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy . Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ? AIt is sponsored by 163 countries .B It excludes GDP as an indicator.C Its cr

44、iteria are questionable . DIts results are enlightening .34. In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom .B high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .C it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP . Dit requires caution to handle economic issues

45、. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson BGDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health CRebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDPD Brexit, the UKs Gateway to Well-being Text 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has over

46、turned the corruption convictionof a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethicsof his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said t

47、he judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that itmustlookonlyat his officialacts, ortheformergovernorsdecisions on specificand unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intenttopressure those officials, is n

48、ot corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is distasteful and nasty. But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or

49、hosting an event is not an official act.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Electedleaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems withoutfear of prosecution for bribery. The basic compact underlying representative gove

50、rnment, wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, assumes that public officials will hear from their constituentsand act on their concerns.But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials mu

51、st not be allowed to play favoritesin providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group providesa campaign donationor a personal gift. This type of integrityrequires well-enforcedlaws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbyi

52、ng, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.Favoritism in officialaccess can fan public perceptionsof corruption.But it is not alwayscorruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bo

53、ught, a basic premise of democratic society-thatallare equalin treatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The courts rulingis a step forwardin the struggle against bothcorruptionand official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence

54、(Para.1) most probably shows that the courtA avoided defining the extent of McDonnells duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.D refused to comment on McDonnells ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it

55、involvesA leaking secrets intentionally.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C concrete returns for gift-givers.D breaking contracts officially.38. The courts ruling is based on the assumption that public officials areA justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.B qualified to deal inde

56、pendently with bureaucratic issues.C allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.D exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed toA awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for certain kinds of lobbyin