《句子成分和基本句型的講解ppt匯總

1、2022-4-212022-4-222022-4-23什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語言單位句子的第能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個(gè)字母必須一個(gè)字母必須大寫大寫，結(jié)尾要有，結(jié)尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !2022-4-24現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓

2、語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語（complement）。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？2022-4-25 主語：主語：主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首The girl is beautiful.They are good friends.To see is to

3、believe.Reading is useful.What he said is right.2022-4-26謂語：謂語： 謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.2022-4-27表語：表語： 表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞

4、，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動(dòng)詞后面短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動(dòng)詞后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.2022-4-28賓語賓語 賓語是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象，由名詞，代詞，短賓語是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動(dòng)語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后She

5、 plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.2022-4-29賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語 在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補(bǔ)足語才能表達(dá)完整的意思思它起補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用它起補(bǔ)充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)它可

6、以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當(dāng)在分詞和過去分詞充當(dāng) If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.2022-4-210狀語狀語 狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為

7、發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，介詞短語，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，也可由從句來充當(dāng)也可由從句來充當(dāng)He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.2022-4-211定

8、語定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當(dāng)定語從句都可以充當(dāng)定語 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.2022-4-21

9、22022-4-213種類種類類型類型主語主語S謂語謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞v表語表語/賓賓語語p賓語賓語0賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)oc第第1種種S+VWework第第種種He playsviolin.第第種種We arestudents第第種種S+v+IO+DO shegaveme a pen.第第種種S+V+O+OC He mademelaugh2022-4-214基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主系表）（主系表） （是系動(dòng)詞）（是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He

10、 fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。2022-4-215基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主謂）（主謂）主語主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞名詞（如boy），主格代詞主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞動(dòng)

11、詞不定式不定式，動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞等。主語一般在句首句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語謂語：謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動(dòng)詞）（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The universe remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存。3. We all breathe, eat, an

12、d drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. Who cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。 6. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。2022-4-216主語主語可有修飾語可有修飾語-定語定語，謂語謂語可有修飾語可有修飾語-狀語狀語。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She

13、 sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.2022-4-217鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2 2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 3 3在過去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化在過去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化. .4 419191919年，在北京爆發(fā)了年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五五. .四四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)。

14、5 5每天八時(shí)開始上課。每天八時(shí)開始上課。 2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2022-4-218鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)： 6 6這個(gè)重五公斤。

15、這個(gè)重五公斤。 7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。 9 9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。我的爺爺早晨起得很早。 10. 10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 6. This box weighs five kilos. 7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 10.Every afternoon

16、a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.2022-4-219基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主謂賓）（主謂賓）構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格代詞賓格，如：，如：me，him，them等等 （及物動(dòng)詞）（及物動(dòng)詞） 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. They ate what w

17、as left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said Good morning. 他說：早上好！7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。 2022-4-220鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇＝裉煜挛缥蚁胪阏務(wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了。這本書他讀過多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 I wrote a letter last ni

18、ght. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this book many times. They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 2022-4-221鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 7Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。 9. 他不知道說什

19、麼好。他不知道說什麼好。 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？我開窗戶你在意嗎？ I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. Do you mind my opening the window? 2022-4-222基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓） （及物）（及物） （多指人）（多指人） （多指物）（多指物） 1. She ordered her

20、self a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。6. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器。 2022-4-223但若要但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），先說出直接賓語（事物），后

21、說間接賓語后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞（人），則要借助于介詞to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.2022-4-224用用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替表示為了某人，替某人某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, pr

22、omise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。2022-4-225鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。他把車票給列車員看。 Mr Johnson taught u

23、s German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 2022-4-226鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？6新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。7他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。 Shall I call you a taxi? The n

24、ew machine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.2022-4-227說明說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整。則句意不夠完整。The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing

25、.You must get your hair cut. 基本句型基本句型 五：五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）2022-4-228 （及物）（及物） （賓語）（賓語） （賓補(bǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war| made| him |a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods |make |the job| easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語I |often find| him |at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher| ask |the

26、students |to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I |saw |a cat |running across the road./我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.2022-4-229 用用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語主語+謂語謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)+真正賓真正賓語語。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family

27、.2022-4-230 鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1我們叫她我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)8我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I

28、want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut every month. We wont let her go out at night. 2022-4-2319那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。她正在聽人家講故事。11我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟你交談。他感到很難跟你交談。 13我

29、認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the p

30、roblemin another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 2022-4-232 英語基本句型英語基本句型6 There be 句型句型 說明：說明： 此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主語主語+狀語狀語”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有有”。 它其實(shí)它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。 此句型有時(shí)不

31、用此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.2022-4-233 Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有過去有 there was/were 將來有將來有 the

32、re will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be. 肯定有肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 2022-4-234鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。 2客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國

33、人和兩名法國人?？腿水?dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 3天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。 4燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的. There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be so

34、meone in the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 2022-4-235鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：6恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 7從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 8公共汽車來了。公共汽車來了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。 10鈴響了。鈴響了。 There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea

35、. There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars. There goes the bell. 2022-4-236但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。我們稱之為： 定語、狀語定語、狀語2022-4-237一、 定語：漢語中常用的表示。通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時(shí)，則定語

36、通常置后。副詞用作定語時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 形容詞形容詞作定語：作定語： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞： Two boys need two pens./兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 There are two boys in the room./房間里有兩個(gè)男孩。 代詞或名詞所有格代詞或名詞所有格作定語：作定語： His boy needs Toms pen./他的

37、男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。 His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。2022-4-238 介詞短語介詞短語作定語：作定語： The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個(gè)9歲的，三個(gè)10歲的男孩。 名詞名詞作定語：作定語： There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。 副詞副詞作定語：作定語： The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 不定式不定式作定語：作定語：

38、 There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。 分詞（短語）分詞（短語）作定語：作定語： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。 There are five boys left./有五個(gè)留下的男孩。 定語定語從句：從句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。2022-4-239二、狀語：二、狀語：狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方

39、式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為： 1)通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首； 2)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前； 3)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語一般須在時(shí)間狀語之前； 4)一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。 2022-4-240有時(shí)狀語在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)注意.如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩（此時(shí)in

40、 the classroom為girl的定語）;也可以理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩（此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語），最好寫做：In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.2022-4-241 副詞（短語副詞（短語）作狀語：作狀語： The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語） The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語較長(zhǎng)則狀語前置） The boy really needs a pen.

41、/男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語） 2022-4-242 介詞短語作狀語介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語) On Sundays,there is no student in the cla

42、ssroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語) 分詞（短語）作狀語分詞（短語）作狀語： He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語） Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語） 不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語： To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very

43、 interested in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣. 名詞名詞作狀語： Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z） 2022-4-243 狀語從句：狀語從句： 時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 三、同位語三、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生） We all are students. / (all是we

44、的同位語，都指同樣的我們） 2022-4-244四、獨(dú)立成分：四、獨(dú)立成分： 有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。 感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定詞yes 否定詞no 稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。 插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒結(jié)束. 情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。

45、 2022-4-245 五、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：五、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯(cuò)句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score（分?jǐn)?shù)）. 正確句(1)

46、更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,(不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了). 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過There being.的場(chǎng)合不能省略.如：Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語或定語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無事可做

47、，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進(jìn)來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！） 2022-4-246 句子成分練習(xí)題句子成分練習(xí)題( 一一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分， 4分鐘） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother las

48、t year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2022-4-247 (二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分， 10分鐘） I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by b

49、us? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast2022-4-248 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his h

50、omework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book2022-4-249 (三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘） My brot

51、her hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him

52、monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.2022-4-250 (四) 挑出下列句中的表語（5分， 5分鐘） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turne

53、d yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.2022-4-251 (五) 挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstai

54、rs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!2022-4-252 (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分， 6分鐘） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr

55、Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?2022-4-253 (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語（8分， 8分鐘） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the

56、medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.2022-4-254 (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分， 5分鐘） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike

57、 for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?2022-4-255 句子成分練習(xí)題句子成分練習(xí)題( 二二 ) 指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分： 1.Whether well go depend on the weather . 2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were

58、defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow . 6.We are sure that we shall succeed . 7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 8.There are many film that Id like to see. 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot

59、 of work to do .2022-4-25611.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.

60、We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .2022-4-25721.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .