高二英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)精講課標(biāo)試題

1、O 二二年二月七日制卷人：歐陽(yáng)文化、歐陽(yáng)理複；制卷時(shí)間：二高二英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)精講制卷人：歐陽(yáng)文化、歐陽(yáng)理複；制卷時(shí)間：二O 二二年二月七日要學(xué)虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 首先要明白虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式。在英語(yǔ)里， 根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的目的和意圖，英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞需用不同的形式，稱為語(yǔ)氣。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：1. 陳述語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表達(dá)一件事實(shí)。2. 祈使語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的懇求或者命令。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或者建議等。要學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，還一定得明白：1. 無(wú)論是主句還是從句， 只要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是過(guò)去時(shí)或者過(guò)去以前的時(shí)態(tài)， 不能和如今有關(guān)。2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要分

2、為：A 虛擬條件句 B 名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣C 特殊句式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣考前須知：一虛擬條件句： 一般因所指時(shí)間是的不同分為三種情況：與如今事實(shí)相反； 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，與將來(lái)可能發(fā)惹事實(shí)相反。決竅：一定首先牢記從句和主句對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)形式，可互相逆推使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要句型謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式例句為方便記憶，表格比照O 二二年二月七日制卷人：歐陽(yáng)文化、歐陽(yáng)理複；制卷時(shí)間：二從句：用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去be 多用were1. IfI were you,I should studyEnglish.表如今的虛擬條件句主句： would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形2. I would certain

3、lygo if I had time.從句： had + PP1.Ifyouhadtakenmy主句：advice,you would not have表過(guò)去的虛擬條件句would/should/could/might+have + PPfailedin the test.2. If Ihad lefta little earlier,Iwouldhave caughtthe train.從句：用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去should+V 原 were +to do1. Ifitweretorain tomorrow,themeeting表將來(lái)的虛擬條件句主句：would/should/could/might+

4、have + PPwould beput off.2. If youcame tomorrow, we would have the meeting.從 句 ： 用 倒 裝 形 式 ， 即 把were,had 等置于句首。 ( 并只限were/ had)1. WereIinschool again(= If I were in school again, I would略 if的條件句主句：根據(jù)虛擬的情況采取與從句相應(yīng)的形式。work harder.)2. Were it not for the rain, ( 不能說(shuō) Werent it for the rain, ) Iwould go s

5、wimming.1. If youhad workedhard yesterday,youwouldbe錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間是條件句 從句與主句所表示時(shí)間是不一致根據(jù)從句與主句表示的不同時(shí)進(jìn)展調(diào)整。tirednow2. Ifwehadntbeen working hard in the pastfew years, thingswoud be going so smoothly.含蓄條件句 虛擬條件暗含在短語(yǔ)或者上下文之中， 從句不表現(xiàn)出來(lái) ( 常見(jiàn)有 but for“要不是without等)根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的實(shí)際情況選用 相應(yīng)的虛擬條件句中的主句的動(dòng)詞形式1. Withoutair,there would

6、be no livingthings. wouldhave give n you more help, but I was busy now.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish后從句：與表各種時(shí)間是的虛擬條件1.IwishIwerea bird.wish,“可惜 “就好了， “悔句中的 從句 動(dòng)詞形式根本一樣。詳細(xì)：，表與如今2. I wish I had known the answer.不該“但愿不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用“過(guò)去時(shí)， be用were . 表與過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn) 的 愿 望 ， 從 句用“ had+PP或 者could/would+have+PP“ . .表與將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn) 的 愿 望 ，

7、從 句 用“ could/would +動(dòng)詞原形would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句would rather后從句： 動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式1. I would ratherthey came tomorrow從句謂語(yǔ)用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形，should demand,insist,suggest,command,可。order, require, request, desire等一類動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句suggest表“暗示、隱含等 insist表“強(qiáng)調(diào)，力言等不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1. Isuggestyou (should)go at once.2. He suggested thathepatien

8、tsleg shouldbe cut and this suggestedthathe was notgoodatthe case.(注 意兩 個(gè)suggest的準(zhǔn)確翻譯 )“It is (was)+ 上 述 demand/suggest 等 動(dòng)詞 過(guò) 去 分 詞 或 者important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句從句謂語(yǔ)用“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原形， should 可。1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.2. It is necessary that she (sho

9、uld) besent there at once.order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句從句謂語(yǔ)用“ should+ 動(dòng)詞原形， should 可。His demand is that we (should)finishthe work in 3 hours.特殊形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣as if引導(dǎo)的從句 表示非真與虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件中從句動(dòng)詞1.Tom speaks as ifhe were實(shí)時(shí)但表真實(shí)時(shí)，不用虛擬形式根本一樣。a girl.語(yǔ)氣。2.Helooksasifhehadbeen to Beijing

10、.so that, in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句May/might/should +V原I live so that others maylive better.It is (the very/high)time that后的定語(yǔ)從句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式，有時(shí)也可用 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed.ItistimethatIwere leaving.去主句的 If only(要是 就好了 ) 虛擬條件句與 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)形式一樣。IfonlyI hadntlostthe chance!(= I wish I hadnt lost the chance)某些表祝愿的句子常用原