《全新版大學英語第2版綜合教程》Unit 1 Text B 課文及譯文

1、全新版大學英語綜合教程第四冊Unit 1 Text BWould nature be on the side of the Allied forces as they prepared to invade mainland Europe or would it favour the Germans? No one was certain.大自然會站在秣馬厲兵準備進攻歐洲大陸的同盟國一方，還是會偏袒德國人？誰也說不準。The Normandy Landings諾曼底登陸1.The largest and most ambitiousmilitary expeditionin history wa

2、sthe invasion ofNormandyin northern France by British, American and Canadian forces that took place in the summer of 1944.Even nature played a role.2.It took more than a year for military planners toorchestrate every movement oftroops, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for

3、 the move that wasto open up a second frontin Europe. This would liberate France and way forthe final assault onGermany itself.歷史上最大最具野心的軍事遠征是1944年夏天英國、 美國和加拿大軍隊在法國北部發(fā)動的諾曼底入侵。甚至自然也發(fā)揮了作用。軍事侵略家精心安排軍隊、大炮、船艦和飛機的每一步運作，將進軍的一切準備就緒去打開在歐洲的第二戰(zhàn)線，這種準備花了一年多的時間。這將解放法國并且為對德國的最后攻擊開路。3.Everything was controlled; rig

4、ht down to the placement ofmilitary decoysacross the English Channel tofool the Germansinto thinking the attack would come from Britain's closest point to France at Pas de Calais rather than in Normandy as planned.4.Everything was controlled, that is, except the weather.一切盡在掌控之中。軍事誘餌的布置也準備好橫穿英吉利

5、海峽以欺騙德國人， 使他們誤以為攻擊會從英國距法國最近的那個位置即加萊海峽而不是按照計劃在諾曼底登陸。除了天氣，一切盡在掌握之中。 5.D-day, the code name given to the day of invasion, wasoriginally scheduled for5 June1944. This date had been arrived atby considering two factors-moonlight and tide. The hour of the invasion would need to be near sunrise, whent

6、he seaborne troopswould havea rising tide. This would enable them to land close to the obstacles that had been placed to hinder their landing withoutcoming ashoreon top of them. The paratroopers needed a full moon for visibility. The days with theproper tide-moonlight formulaclosest to the target da

7、te were 5, 6 and 7 June. (1)The fifth was chosen for D-Day toallow a safety marginin case the attack needed to be postponed.入侵日子的代號，登陸日，最初定在 1944 年 5 月 1 日。這一天在月光和潮汐這兩個因素的考慮中到來了。入侵的時間需要在日出左右，那時海上運輸?shù)能婈爩龅缴蠞q的潮汐。這將使他們接近已經(jīng)設(shè)置好的用來阻礙他們登陸的障礙物而不用上岸。傘兵部隊需要一輪明月來提高能見度。擁有適當?shù)某毕?、月光的方案的日子?6 月6、7 日最接近預定日期。第五天被選作諾曼

8、底登陸日，萬一進攻需要延期，這樣可以留有安全的余裕。6.In addition to moonlight and favourable tides,calm seaswere needed for the crossing. (2)But an unusuallystormy transition from spring toward summerthat year held our little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather.It also meant the possibility thatOperatio

9、n Overlord, as the invasion was called, might have to be postponed until later in the year or even the following year.除了月光和最合適的潮汐，平靜的海面對于橫渡也是十分需要的。但是那年從春季到夏季的不平常的猛烈過渡表明天氣上不會有一個合適的間隙，它也意味著這場被稱作霸王行動的入侵有可能不得不延期到年后或下一年。7.With the arrival of 5 June, the weather was so bad that General Eisenhower, supreme

10、 commander of the invasion forces, was forced to postpone the invasion by one day. When he met with his staff toreview their options, they were faced withthe grim realitythat 6 June did not look much better than the original D-Day. The meteorological reportgave a thin ray of hopethata lull in the st

11、ormwould allow enough time to launch the invasion.Consultationswent on late into the night on whether topress ahead. Opinions were divided. Finally, Eisenhower made his decision. "I am quite positivewe must give the order," he said."I don't like it, but there it is.I don't see

12、 how we can do anything else." Within hours,an armada of3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval vessels began to leave English ports.6月5日到了，天氣太糟糕了，入侵軍隊的最高指揮官艾森·豪威爾將軍被迫延遲一天入侵。當他和他的將士回顧他們的選擇時，他們面臨了殘酷的現(xiàn)實。6月6日看起來并沒有比最初的登陸日好多少。氣象預報表明在這場暴風雨中暫停以求得足夠的時間來發(fā)動入侵幾乎沒什么希望。關(guān)于是否繼續(xù)進行入侵的磋商持續(xù)到很晚

13、，意見發(fā)生了分歧。最后，艾森豪威爾做出了決定。“我很確定我們必須下達命令，”他說，“我不喜歡，但是情況就是這樣。我不知道我們還能怎么做?！睅讉€小時內(nèi)，由3000艘登陸艇、2500艘其他船只和500艘艦艇組成的無敵艦隊開始撤出英國港口。8.Meanwhile,critical errors by the German sideallowed themto be taken completely by surprise.Due tothe bad weather, the German navycancelled its usual patrol of the English Channel. A

14、lso,a practice drill scheduled for June 6 was called off. The Garman meteorological serviceswere unaware ofthe break in the weather. On the eve of the attack, many of the top German leaderswere absent from their commands. Rommel, the generalin charge ofthe coastaldefenses, was in Germany visiting hi

15、s wife on her birthday, and several officers were some distance away in Rennes or on their way there fora war-game exercise. 同時，德方的關(guān)鍵性失誤令他們大吃一驚，由于天氣糟糕，德國海軍取消了它在英吉利海峽的正常巡邏。并且，定于6月6日的訓練取消了。德國氣象局沒有意識到惡劣天氣的間斷，在攻擊的前一晚，許多德國的高級領(lǐng)導人擅離職守，隆美爾，負責海岸防御的將軍，在德國慶祝他妻子的生日，一些官員在遙遠的雷思或者在趕到那里參加戰(zhàn)爭游戲演戲的路上。9.The assaul

16、t on Normandybegan at 12:15 a.m., when thepathfinders for the American airborne unitsleft their planes andparachuted to earth. Five minutes later, on the other side of the invasion area, the British pathfinders made their jump. Thepathfinderswere specially trained to find and mark thedrop zones. The

17、 main airborne assault was tocommencewithin the hour.當美國空降部隊的探路者離開他們的飛機，跳傘降落時，在諾曼底的攻擊在上午12點15分開始了。5分鐘后，在入侵地區(qū)的另一方，英國探路者也完成了跳傘。這些探路者經(jīng)過特殊的訓練去找到并標記轟擊區(qū)。主要的空降襲擊在幾個小時內(nèi)就要開始了。10.The airborne attack became confusedbecause ofstiff winds and the evasive flying of the transport planes when they encountered anti-

18、aircraft fire.As a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area and mostmissed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. Other complications were caused bythe terrain, and the worst terrain was on the Cotentin Peninsula. The Germans hadlaced the open fields withanti-personnel and gl

19、ider stakes and flooded the low areas. The floodingcaused the most trouble forthe Americans of the 101st and 82nd Airborne divisions, with many of the troops drowned,laden down bytheir heavy equipment.由于強烈的風，加上運輸機遭遇防空工事炮火時所作的規(guī)避飛行，空中襲擊一片混亂。結(jié)果傘兵的降落點散落在一個廣闊的范圍，大多數(shù)都沒有命中降落點，有些偏離了達20英里遠。其他的困難由地形導致，且最不利的地形

20、是在科唐坦搬到。德軍在開闊地帶綁定了殺傷性的滑翔機發(fā)射臺，并且這種武裝充斥了低海拔地帶。這種裝備給美國空軍101師和82師造成了最大的阻礙，許多士兵溺水身亡，在繁重裝備的重壓之下。11.The airborne units were to secure the flanks of the amphibious assault. That meant capturing bridges, crossroads andcoastal batteries. After accomplishing those tasks, the paratroopers had towithstand any Ge

21、rman counterattacks. 空降兵各部隊需要保證此次海陸空突襲的側(cè)翼。這意味著占領(lǐng)橋梁，十字路口和沿海炮臺。在完成以上任務(wù)之后，傘兵部隊就需要抵抗德軍的任何反攻。12.As the airborne units struggled toachieve their goals, the great fleetmade its way acrossthe channelto its appointment with destiny.Leading that grand armadawere the minesweepers. Behind them followed a v

22、ast array of naval vessels of every conceivable type. Never before had such a fleet been assembled. Including the landing craft carried on board, the combined Allied invasion armada numbered up to 6,000 ships. Approximately 150,000 men were to cross the English Channel andland at assault beachescode

23、-named "Utah," "Omaha," "Gold," "Juno" and "Sword."正在空軍部隊奮力完成任務(wù)的同時，龐大的聯(lián)軍艦隊正穿越海峽，奔赴命運之約。巨大戰(zhàn)船隊伍由掃雷艦領(lǐng)航。接著是一個由你能想到的任何種類的戰(zhàn)船所組成的巨大的海上編隊。這次集合前無古人。包括甲板上被運載的登陸艦在內(nèi)，聯(lián)合艦隊共有6000艘戰(zhàn)船在編。大約150000名戰(zhàn)士將穿越英吉利海峽，在指定的海灘登陸。它們的代號分別是：猶他，奧馬哈，戈德，朱諾，利劍。13.The first areas of Fren

24、ch soilwrested from German controlwere a group of small islands located three miles off Utah Beach. Allied commanderswere concerned thatthese islands could be used as sites for heavy guns. The men of the U.S. 4th and 24thCavalry squadronswere designated to take the islandsprior tothe main invasion.

25、The assault teams found only land mines. The Germans hadleft the islands unoccupied.游離于德國人控制之外的法國的第一塊土地是一系列小島，正好位于猶他海灘附近三英里處。聯(lián)軍司令官確信這些小島將被（德國人）用作重武器的存放地。美國第4及第24機械中隊被指派在總攻發(fā)起前拿下這些島嶼。突擊部隊發(fā)現(xiàn)這里只有地雷。德軍并沒有占領(lǐng)這些島嶼。14.For the majority of the assault troops, however, the war had not begun yet. After spending

26、as long as 48 hours aboard the various transport ships as a result of the delay, many of the men were miserably seasick andin poor shapefor the challenge ahead. 然而，對于此次突襲的大多數(shù)士兵來說，戰(zhàn)斗遠未開始。由于戰(zhàn)時的延誤，大多數(shù)士兵在各種戰(zhàn)艦上生活了48小時之久，他們嚴重的暈船，面對即將到來的挑戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)不佳。15.The naval bombardmentbegan around 5:45 a.m. The air att

27、ack followed. The naval and air bombardmentswere designed to destroy the beach guns and obstacles,pin down the enemyandprovide shelterfor the ground troopson the open beachesby making craters. Both, however, largelyfailed in their objectives. Weather conditions had improved, but they were not perfec

28、t. Because ofpoor visibility caused by low cloud cover, it was decided that the bombers woulddelay the release of bombs30 seconds to avoid hitting the assaulting troops. As a result, the bombs fell inland and missed their targets. Although the naval bombardment was more accurate, it wasnot much more

29、 effective againstthe hardened German gun emplacements.海軍轟炸在清晨5:45開始了。然后是空襲。海上和空中襲擊的初衷是徹底摧毀沙灘上的兵力和障礙物，壓制敵人，并通過炸出彈坑為陸軍提供掩體。然而，這兩個目標都沒有達到。天氣狀況有了好轉(zhuǎn)，但是并不完美。由于低垂的大霧造成的極低的能見度，炮兵部被命令延遲30秒發(fā)射，以防誤傷突擊士兵。結(jié)果，炸彈降落在了內(nèi)陸，未擊中目標。盡管，海軍部隊的轟炸更加精確，由于德軍已加強武裝，因而還是顯得作用不大。 16.The weather alsowas partially responsible forcausing some ofthe assault crafttomiss their assigned landing areas. Additionally, many of the landing craft and amphibious tanksfounderedin the rough sea. In the Omaha area, most of the craft carrying artillery and tanksintended to support the incoming troo