unit3Inventorsandinventions-grammar課件（新人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修8）

1、Unit 3Grammar 1. Master the grammar.2. Use the correct form of the V-ed form.Grammar動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊的詞靠得很緊, 漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞, 一、動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)形

2、式作定語(yǔ) 除表示除表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作之外的動(dòng)作之外, 還表示還表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”的意義。如：的意義。如： spoken English (英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ))； iced beer (冰凍啤酒冰凍啤酒)； cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條炸土豆條); 但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, 而不表示而不表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”意義。如意義。如: boiled water(開(kāi)水開(kāi)水); fallen leaves(落葉落葉) ; the risen sun(升起的升起的太陽(yáng)太陽(yáng))等。等。 1. The ta

3、ll man is a returned student. 高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教師。我的父母都是退休教師。 (1)前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式,一般放在被一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面修飾的名詞的前面, 作前置定語(yǔ)。作前置定語(yǔ)。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。(=the people who were excited) Lost time can

4、 never be found again 虛度的時(shí)光虛度的時(shí)光, 無(wú)法挽回。無(wú)法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ) 少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作后置定語(yǔ)。作后置定語(yǔ)。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。 2. Among the invited were some ladies 被邀請(qǐng)的人中被邀請(qǐng)的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的

5、書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。剩下的書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常要放通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面在被修飾的名詞的后面, 在意思上相當(dāng)于在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng),可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句;不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞(僅限于僅限于單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞,且不能后置且不能后置)則表示完成則表示完成,可可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonig

6、ht? 今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? (=that has been planned for tonight)2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會(huì)議有很多人出席這次會(huì)議有很多人出席, 開(kāi)得很成功。開(kāi)得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我們喝了一些開(kāi)水后就繼續(xù)工作。我們喝了一些開(kāi)水后就繼續(xù)工作。注

7、意注意: 這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修飾的詞飾的詞, 改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致與之一致?？荚囶}考試題1) Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

8、 A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are

9、bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成完成”或或“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”之之意，意，而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他顯得很憂(yōu)慮。

10、他顯得很憂(yōu)慮。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí), 被深深地感動(dòng)了。被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法, 他似乎很高興。他似乎很高興。 二、動(dòng)詞二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的關(guān)閉的)； astonished(吃驚的吃驚的)；crowded(擁擠的擁擠的)； experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有經(jīng)

11、驗(yàn)的); delighted(高興的高興的)； lost(丟失的丟失的)；gone(遺失的遺失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(擔(dān)憂(yōu)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)的)； interested(感興趣的感興趣的) tired(疲勞的疲勞的) pleased(高興的高興的)；satisfied(滿(mǎn)意的滿(mǎn)意的)； surprised(吃驚的吃驚的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表語(yǔ)的作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所修飾。等所修飾。 I was very pleased at the news 聽(tīng)了這消息我很高

12、興。聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。他十分厭倦這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C.

13、lost D. missed訓(xùn)練題訓(xùn)練題3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、動(dòng)詞三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞, ,表示被動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義或已完成意義, ,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)

14、去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, ,即賓語(yǔ)即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而入。她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而入。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。 Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 請(qǐng)你大聲點(diǎn)讓我們都聽(tīng)到你說(shuō)的話(huà)請(qǐng)你大聲點(diǎn)讓我們都聽(tīng)到你說(shuō)的話(huà), 好嗎？好嗎？ 少數(shù)少

15、數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài). They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走了。客人都走了。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)

16、系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。 (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。 (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) (1)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括see, hear,

17、 watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話(huà)。我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話(huà)。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。 (2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞

18、-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ), 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。 (請(qǐng)人請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut

19、? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)你在哪兒理的發(fā)? “have+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義： 遭遇某種意外情況。遭遇某種意外情況。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能參與自己也可能參與)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正了。我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正

20、了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括like，want, wish, expect, order等等”這一類(lèi)這一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。 The studen

21、ts wish the TV serial plays continued 學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。 (4) 過(guò)去分詞用在過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這一這一結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了, 雙手被反綁在后面。雙手被反綁在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the bui

22、lding, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周?chē)N了許多色彩鮮艷的花周?chē)N了許多色彩鮮艷的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。園。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. pla

23、ying B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. rep

24、aired D. to be repairedExercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _? A. repaired it B. repairing C. repair D. repaired.單項(xiàng)選擇：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇： 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼蘇達(dá)州礦業(yè)與制造公司明尼蘇達(dá)州礦業(yè)與制造公司 ), _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 3. Fr

25、om the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 5. Laws that punish parents for their little chi

26、ldrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 6. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 7. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. t

27、ake B. to be taken C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 9. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 10. John rushed out i

28、n a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 11. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 12. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fant

29、astic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 13. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 14. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having giv

30、en B. To give C. Giving D. Given 15. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 16. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空：選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked