專題2.5初高中詞匯銜接之易混、易錯詞匯(講義)

1、第二章 2.5 初高中詞匯銜接之易混易錯詞匯1、 、 abroad / aboardabroad adv. /?br?d/（ especially BrE ）in or to a foreign country 在國外；到國外to be/go/travel/live abroad 在外國；出國；到國外旅行；在國外居住She worked abroad for a year. 她在國外工作了一年。aboard adv.prep. /?b?d/ on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train 在（船、飛機、公共汽車、火車等）上；上（船、飛機、公共汽車、火車等）SYN

2、on board? We went aboard. 我們上了船。? He was already aboard the plane. 他已經(jīng)登機了。2、 work job二者均指工作，work 不可數(shù)；job 可數(shù) work vt 工作例： a good job. be out of work 失業(yè)3、 a number of the number ofa number of,許多，謂語動詞用復述；the number of,的數(shù)目，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例： The number of students is increasing.A number of students is increasin

3、g.4、 progress advice information 這三個詞匯都是不可數(shù)名詞。We have made great progress in controlling inflation.我們在抑制通貨膨脹方面取得了巨大進展。Let me give you a piece of advice . 讓我給你一個忠告。He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information .在看到全部相關(guān)資料之前，他拒絕評論。5、 in place of in the place ofin place of, 代替；in

4、 the place of, 在地方。例： A new building is built in the place of the old one.6、 a second the seconda second,又一、再一；the second,第二、其次例： He won the second prize.I realized he was hurt in his brain only when I saw him a second time.當我又一次見到他時，我才意識到他腦袋收到了損傷。7、 no more than not more thanno more than 相當于 only,

5、僅僅，只有；He is no more than a fool. 他就是個傻子。not more than 至多，不超過。The money he makes each month is not more than 3000 dolloars.8、 sleeping asleep sleepySleeping,正在睡覺；asleep,睡著，熟睡；sleepy,困的，有睡意的。 9、 hard hardlyHard,努力；adj./adv.hardly ,幾乎不 barely adv例： work hard, and you can succeed at last.I can hardly be

6、lieve it.10、 late latelyLate, 遲、晚； He was late for class again.lately ,最近、近來，Lately, people choose to travel abroad on holidays.I haven't seen him lately.11、 living alive live livelyliving ， alive， live 均為活著的，living 和 alive 可做定語和表語，但alive 做定語需后置，live adj. 活的；生動的；實況轉(zhuǎn)播的；精力充沛的（只能做定語；）a live footbal

7、l game 一場直播的足球比賽lively 意為活潑的。例， all the living people=all the people alive.12、 deep, deeplyDeep,具體的深；deeply,抽象的深、深深地。例： I am deeply moved 。Please dig deep.13、 instead instead ofinstead 是副詞，放在句首或句末；instead of 是介詞短語，放在句中。例： He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV .( He watched TV instead of se

8、eing a film. )14、 bring take carry fetchBring,拿來；take,拿走；carry,隨身攜帶；fetch,去拿來(go and bring)15、 spend take pay costspend,人做主語，花錢、花時間；take,物做主語，花時間；pay,人做主語，花錢；cost物做主語，花錢。16、 、 join join in take part inJoin,加入某個組織，并成為其中的一員；join in 參加小型的活動；take part in 參加大型的活動，例： He joined the army five years ago.17、

9、used to be used toused to, 過去常常；be used to,習慣于，例： He is used to getting up early.18、 、 win beatwin 后接 sth; beat 后接 sb.例： win the game beat them.19、 mean to do mean doingmean to do,打算、想要做某事；mean doing,意思是、意味著。例： By this I mean giving the students more practice.20、 pay for pay back pay offpay for,為付錢；

10、pay back,還錢，但不一定還清;pay off,還清。21、 、 arrive get reachArrive ,不及物動詞，后接 in （大地點）,at（小地點）；get,不及物動詞，后接 to; reach,及物動詞。例： arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing22、 manage trymanage to do,設(shè)法做成了某事；try to do ,盡力去做某事，但不一定成功。例： He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.23、 be familiar to be familiar

11、withbe familiar to ，某物對某人來說是熟悉的；be familiar with ，某人熟悉某物。例： The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.24、 agree with agree to agree onagree with,同意某人；agree to,同意某事；agree on, 在上達成一致意見。25、 receive acceptreceive,收到某一東西，但不一定接受；accept,接受。例： I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.2

12、6、 wear put on dresswear 和 dress 表狀態(tài)，wear 后接衣服等，可用進行時；dress后接人，be dressed in; put on, 表動作。例： It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.27、 listen hearListen ,強調(diào)動作；hear,強調(diào)結(jié)果。例： I listened, but I heard nothing.28、 look see watch look ,表示看的動作；sees,看的結(jié)果;watch ，強調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動和發(fā)展。29、 hurtinjure woundH

13、urt,感情上受傷；injure,事故中受傷；wound,戰(zhàn)爭中受傷。30、 turnget growturn,表突變，后常接表顏色的詞；get,強調(diào)變的結(jié)果；grow,強調(diào)過程、逐漸的變化。例： turn yellow, get tired, grow big31、 happen take placeHappen,偶然性的、沒有預料到的事情的發(fā)生；take place,必然性的發(fā)生。例： Great changes have taken place in my hometown.32、 through acrossthrough ,穿越空間；across, 在上穿過。例： through t

14、he forest, across the desert33、 before long long beforebefore long ,不久以后；long before ,很久以前。34、 new newsnew:新的 news不可數(shù)名詞消息I am a new student and I have a piece of good news to tell you all.35、 amount numberamount 后接不可數(shù)名詞；number 后接可數(shù)名詞。a large number of students，an amount of milklarge amounts of money

15、36、 for a moment for/at the moment the moment+ 從句for a moment， 片刻、一會兒；I decide to rest for a moment/while.For/at the moment, 暫時、時。 I can ' t forgive you for the moment.the moment+從句（一.就.）The moment I saw you , I fell in love with you.我一看到你，就愛上了你。across prep.在對面37：近義詞辨析：across 和 throughcross 表示 “

16、橫過，穿過”；著重指從路線或物體表面的一邊到另一邊（表面）。e.g.across the street;橫過馬路 。through穿過，從中間通過“；著重指從空間的一頭穿到另一頭（內(nèi)部）。e.g. through the forest. 穿過森林。38. 近義詞辨析：ago 和 beforeago: 應注意兩點：1.用于一般過去時；2. 它所指的時間是從現(xiàn)在算起。39. already, yet, still1 . ） already 用于肯定句中，表示“已經(jīng) ”，常與完成時連用；用于疑問句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示驚異，此時 already常放在句末。The professor has

17、already gone abroad. 這個教授已經(jīng)出國了。Has she found her bike already? 她已經(jīng)找到她的自行車了嗎？2 .） yet用于疑問句或否定句句末，表示某事尚未發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成”He does not sob because no one has told him yet what happened. 他沒有哭，因為沒人告訴他發(fā)生了什么。He has not yet begun to work 他還沒有開始工作。 Have you had your lunch ？ 你已經(jīng)吃中飯了嗎？ No， not yet不，還沒。3 .） still 表示 “某事尚

18、在進行中”，常用于肯定句中;用在否定句時，須放在否定詞之前。I still remember the day when I attended my first lecture in college.我仍然記得大學里我第一次參加演講的那天。She still isn ' t婚Od戳準備好。They still haven't got more money 他們還沒有得到足夠的錢。40 .近義詞到Wf: among / between這兩個個詞都含有在中間”的意思。among 用于 “三者或三者以上之間”e.g. He built a house among the forest.

19、 他在樹林中蓋了一間房。41 .because 和 because of 的區(qū)別： because conj. 因為；由于；辨析： because of （接名詞或者名詞詞組） 因為：e.g. He begs because of poverty, not hunger.他不是因為餓了，而是因為貧窮才要飯的。because 后接句子。42 . 近義詞辨析：except / besidesexcept除之外；側(cè)重整體除去一部分；e.g. We all knew about the news except Jim.除了 Jim 以外，我們都知道這個消息。besides除之外（還有），e.g. We

20、 all knew about the news besides Jim.43 . 近義詞辨析：catch up with / keep up withcatch up with 意思是 “趕上 ”，指由落后狀態(tài)變?yōu)椴⒓鐮顟B(tài)，側(cè)重動作：keep up with意識是 跟上；指并駕騎驅(qū)，不掉隊，側(cè)重狀態(tài)。44 . 近義詞辨析：famous for / famous asbe famous for表示 因為某種知識技能、作品或特征而出名"。be famous as表示 作為身份而出名 ”。例如：Einstein was famous as a great scientist. He wa

21、s famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學家而著稱，他以他的相對論而聞名。45 . 近義詞辨析：few / a fewfew 是否定詞，意思是“沒有幾個、很少數(shù)”， a few 的意思是“有幾個、少數(shù)”，是肯定詞，這兩個詞都用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。近義詞辨析：1. forget 意思是 “忘記 ”某事，而leave 則是將物品“遺留 ”在某地。例如：I forget that wehad met at a meeting before. 我忘了我們以前在一次會議上見過面。a） I left the book in his house.

22、 我把書忘在他家里了。46 .much too, too much, too many1 .） much too修飾形容詞或副詞，表示太，非常"，much （副詞）用來修飾too （副詞），中心詞是too 以加強語氣。It ' s high time you had your hair cut; it' s gettingmbChloo lodgi了。頭發(fā)長得太長了。I think the milk is much too hot for the baby. 我覺得這牛奶對于這個小寶寶來說太燙了。He walks much too fast. 他走得太快了。2 .）

23、too much 有下列用法 too much 的含義是“太多 ”， 充當形容詞用時，too 是副詞， 用來修飾much， 后接不可數(shù)名詞；too much 與 too many 相對， too many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 too much 充當副詞用時，可用來修飾動詞； too much 充當代詞用時，后面不接名詞，代替上下文提到的事物。There is too much housework to do every day. 每天都有太多的作業(yè)要做。There are too many people in the supermarket today. 今天超市里的人太多了。Watching

24、 TV too much is bad for your health. 看太多電視對你的健康不好。You gave me too much. 你給我的太多了。47 so, such1 .) so修飾形容詞或副詞，such修飾名詞。I have never run so fast. 我從來沒跑過那么快。He is such a boy. 他是那樣一個男孩。2 .) so和such的句式結(jié)構(gòu)：so+形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；such +a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞He is so clever a boy. = He is such a cle

25、ver boy.3 .)若可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前有 many, few或不可數(shù)名詞前有 much, little,用so不用such。There are so many different languages in the world.注意：These are such little boys that they can ' t dress themselVtes.在這兒表示 小“，而不是表示“少 ”的意思。48 also, too, as well, either.1 . ) also, too, as well 用于肯定句或疑問句，also 常用于句中；too, as well 常用于句末

26、。He is a teacher. I am also a teacher.=He is a teacher. I am a teacher as well.=He is a teacher. I am a teacher, too.2 .) either用于否定句句末。I don t like rain, either.49 sometime(s), some time(s)sometime 意為 “某一時間”，可指將來，也可指過去；sometimes 意為 “有時，不時”； some time意為 “一段時間”； some times 意為 “幾次 ”。We ll have a test

27、sometime next month. 下個月的某個時間，我們將進行一場考試。Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. 有時這條河流變成了一個瀑布，沖 進寬闊的山谷。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. 去年他在北京待了一段時間。I have been to Beijing some times. 我去過北京幾次。50 ago, before.1. ） ago 指以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前 ”，即現(xiàn)在的過去，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。This small, wealthy commercial city existed almost 2,000 years ago.這個小而富裕的商業(yè)城市2000 年前就存在了。He stopped going to school a few years ago. 幾年前，他沒有再去學校了。2.） before 指以過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻為基準的“以前 ”，即指過去的過去，常與過去完成時連用（尤其用于賓語從句中），可單獨使用。He told me that he had seen the film before. 他告訴我他以前