新概念2grammar被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、Passive Voice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法當(dāng)句子的當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者時(shí)，時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確，不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)一、行為主體不明確，不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易

2、找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行車(chē)被盜我的自行車(chē)被盜了。了。三、漢語(yǔ)中含有三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有有人說(shuō)人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。例如：等時(shí)。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō) It is suppo

3、sed that 四、漢語(yǔ)中含有四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時(shí)。等詞時(shí)。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫來(lái)的。叫來(lái)的。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 The Passive voice動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): be + 過(guò)去分詞 （ 及物動(dòng)詞 ）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式 . 漢語(yǔ)中往往用 “ 被 ” “ 受 ” 等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義 .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 :1 . 主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ) .2 . 主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)

4、動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)句的 be + 過(guò)去分詞 .3 . 主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句 by 的賓語(yǔ) , 放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面 . 如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí) , by 短語(yǔ)可省略 . Many people speak English . English is spoken by many people .The Passive Voice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化 : :一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am , is , are + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 Children often sing the song . The song is often sung by children . .一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)

5、去時(shí) was , were + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 A PLA man saved him . He was saved by a PLA man .一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) ( The Future Indefinite Tense ) will be , shall be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 They will take her to the hospital . She will be taken to the hospital .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)( The Present Continuous Tense ) am , is , are + being + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 We ar

6、e mopping the floor now . The floor is being mopped now .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ( The Present Perfect Tense ) have , has + been +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 The workers have built our school . Our school has been built by the workers .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( Modal Verbs ) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞We must clean the classroom every day .The class

7、room must be cleaned every day .The Passive voice 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn) : : 1 . 1 . 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí) , , 可以將其中一個(gè)賓可以將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ) , , 另一個(gè)不動(dòng)另一個(gè)不動(dòng) . . 一般把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)一般把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ) . . 如如 : : Mary gave me a pen . I was given a pen by Mary . 如果把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)如果把直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ) , , 則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加則在

8、間接賓語(yǔ)前加 “ to ” 如如 : : A pen was given to me by Mary .2 .2 .含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí) , , 將其中的賓語(yǔ)變將其中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)為主語(yǔ) , , 賓補(bǔ)不變賓補(bǔ)不變 . . 如如 : : We asked him to speak at the meeting . He was asked to speak at the meeting . 3 . 3 . 如果主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 , , 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)時(shí) , , 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞不可以丟掉短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副

9、詞不可以丟掉 . . 如如 : : They took good care of the boys . The boys were taken good care of . 4 . 4 . 在在 “ let , make , see , hear , notice , watch , feel ” 等動(dòng)詞后面做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶等動(dòng)詞后面做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 “ to ” , , 但改成被動(dòng)句時(shí)應(yīng)加上但改成被動(dòng)句時(shí)應(yīng)加上 “ to ” . 如如 : The doctor made me stay in bed for three days . I was made to sta

10、y in bed for three days by the doctor .Change the following sentences into the Passive voice :1 . People speak English all over the world . English is spoken all over the world by people .2 . She washes her hands before lunch . Her hands are washed before lunch .3 . Do the young pioneers plant trees

11、 every spring . Are trees planted by the young pioneers every spring .4 . His uncle doesnt often play table tennis . Table tennis isnt often played by his uncle .5 . They dont teach Japanese in our school . Japanese isnt taught in our school by them .6 . Do you keep many books in your library ? Are

12、many books kept in your library ?1 . I borrowed this book from the library last week . This book was borrowed from the library last week .2 . The policemen caught three thieves last night . Three thieves were caught by the policemen last night .3 . She didnt see them a moment ago . They werent seen

13、by her a moment ago .4 . I didnt buy a dictionary . A dictionary wasnt bought by me .5 . Did you bring a raincoat ? Was a raincoat brought by you ?6 . Did he give a piano concert ? Was a piano concert given by him ?1 . He will study English well . English will be studied well by him .2 . Will you cl

14、ean your classroom ? Will your classroom be cleaned by you ?3 . I wont write to my grandpa this evening . My grandpa wont be written to this evening by me .4 . The nurse will take care of the children . The children will be taken care of by the nurse .5 . Will he take his sister to the park ? Will h

15、is sister be taken to the park by him ?6 . He wont show us around the school . We wont be showed around the school by him .1 . The boy is wearing a new coat . A new coat is being worn by the boy .2 . The girls are making model ships . Model ships are being made by the girls .3 . He is looking for th

16、e lost key . The lost key is being looked for by him .4 . They are making this kind of recorder in Beijing . This kind of recorder is being made in Beijing .5 . The peasants are planting crops in the fields . Crops are being planted in the fields by the peasants .1 . I have borrowed the new magazine

17、 from my friend , The new magazine has been borrowed from my friend .2 . The workers have set up many tall buildings here recently . Many tall buildings have been set up here recently by the workers .3 . He has already done the exercises . The exercises have already been done by him .4 . My classmat

18、es have put on the play . The play has been put on by my classmates .5 . I have repaired the TV set . The TV set has been repaired by me . 1 . The students gave the foreigners a warm welcome . The foreigners were given a warm welcome . A warm welcome was given to the foreigners .2 . The teacher is g

19、oing to tell us a story tomorrow . We are going to be told a story by the teacher tomorrow . A story is going to be told to us by the teacher tomorrow .3 . Their teacher has taught them an American song . They have taught an American song by their teacher . An America song has been taught to them by their teacher .4 . The soldier gave us a report . we were given a report by the soldier . A report was given to us by the soldier .5 . He tells us a story every evening . We are told a story b