經(jīng)典英語名詞性從句

1、實(shí)用文檔名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語、表語、同位語、賓語的從句叫名詞性從句。因止匕, 我們把主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和賓語從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語從句在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當(dāng)于名詞， 一M置謂語之前，也可用it作形 式主語，主語從句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesn ' t

2、 matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表語從句在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當(dāng)于名詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當(dāng)于名詞He asked me which team could win the game.同位語從句放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact 等)表明其 具體內(nèi)容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact tha

3、t he lied again greatly surprised us.主語從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有從屬連 詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。弓I導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether ,關(guān)系代詞:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞:when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 等。That you don ' t like him is

4、none of my business.你不喜歡她不管我的事。What he said is true.他說的是真的。Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party?你記得他幾乎是在宴會快結(jié)束時(shí)才到的嗎？This party's really where it's at, man !啊，這個(gè)晚會真棒！Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告訴我們，你們是怎樣提前完成這一 艱巨任務(wù)的 We have reason to bel

5、ieve that the fighting on the border may develop into a full-blownwar.(喻)我們有理由相信邊境上的沖突可能發(fā)展成一場全面戰(zhàn)爭。He said that he would come .他說他要來。Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather .足球比賽是否舉行斗等視天氣而定。表語從句用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后0引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連 詞 that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞 who, wha

6、t, which, whom, whose, whatever , whoever, whomever, whichever 等； 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however , whenever, wherever 等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be, look, remain, seem 等。That引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在口語中，問或 可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New

7、 England fields.這就是為什 么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想 不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?。賓語從句(object clauses)用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語 相同。賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞)和 某些形容詞的賓語。賓語從句可以由從屬連詞that whether > if,關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose,

8、 which 和關(guān)系副詞when、where> how、why等引導(dǎo)。He said he wanted to go to town .他說他想去城里。I hope you'll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來。I' m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能設(shè)法抽空出席這個(gè)交際會, 我很高興。I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了 在報(bào)上讀至 U 的以夕卜我對這件事一無所知。Most of the

9、 Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains. 除了雨天，大 多數(shù)中國人一般都騎自行車上班。He asked me whether she was coming .他問我，她來還是不來。同位語從句用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact, idea, news , hope , belief, thought , truth , doubt , suggestion , warning, instruction , reason, information, question 等之后，對這些

10、名詞進(jìn)行說明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連詞that , whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞 what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞 how , when , where , why 等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸煙危害健康，這是事實(shí)。I have no idea what you mean. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不明白你的意思。He made the suggestion that we go by train .他建議我們坐火車去。There is no doubt that he is guilty .毫無疑問，他是有罪

11、的。一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / as if ,連接代詞what / who/ which / whose /whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever ,連接副詞 where / when / why / how / wherever/ whenever。（1） that的用法。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don

12、 ' t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.賓語從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時(shí)that不可省略；（B）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，that不能省；（C）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。如:He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine

13、Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that從句作主語和賓語時(shí)，可以用it來替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that (B) It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that . (C) It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggest

14、ed that (D) It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞 性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞 即常說的先行詞+ that。如：It' s shame that he has made such a mistake.Do what

15、he says.同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分;而定語從句中的關(guān)系代 詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)用連詞hat 而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞： news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief > doubt、 possibility > idea 等，而定語從句只是 對先行詞的限定和修飾。如：They expressed the hope that they would

16、 come to visit China again.(同位語從旬The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. (定語從句)（2） whether 和 if 的用法。whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般Whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not時(shí)用whether。如：I didn ' t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan

17、.主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can doit or not.whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不 能。如：The que

18、stion of whether they are male or female is not important.1 have not decided whether to go or not.間接引語位于句首時(shí)或者是間接引語提前時(shí)加hether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether I ' ll be free I' m not sure at the moment.whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管:“無論”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.(

19、3)疑問詞+ ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別。疑問詞+ ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.YOu can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑問詞+ ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter +疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：No matter what you

20、 do, you must do it well.No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.(4) when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,否則則為同位語從句。如:They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致(1)賓語從句中

21、主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句 是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hello,I didn ' t know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.(2)主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩 個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。如：When the meeting wi

22、ll begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.We' ve heard the news that we ' ll move into the new house.Whateve

23、r you say will interest us all.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)A. howB. afterC. whatD. when解析：答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語從句 中充當(dāng)一成分，故what最合適。2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A. whyB. whenC.

24、 whatD. where解析：答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠海看航空展去了:下面 一句接著問：“那就是你為什么離開的原因嗎？”故用why引導(dǎo)表語從句表示原因。3. I hate when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A. itB. thatC. theseD. them解析：答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西該 空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句，所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語t。4. We cannot figure out quite a numbe

25、r of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A. thatB. asC. whyD. when解析：答案為C。本題考查賓語從句知識，巾gure out為及物動(dòng)詞，故此句為賓語從句，從句意 得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語，故選why.6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.A. whereB. what C. that D. how解析：答案為B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語從句，全主句的主語是由主語從

26、句來充當(dāng)?shù)?，并且主語從句中 不定式動(dòng)詞do缺少賓語，故選what1 .they have won the game made us excited.A./B.ThatC.WhatD.Where1.1 accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A.IfB.Whether C.Even if D.When3 .he says in his report is a very interesting question.A.What allB.All what C.WhatD.What that4 . When they will sta

27、rt not been decided.A.haveB.isC.doesD.has5 .certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.A.That is B.This is C.It is D.It has6.is unknown to us all.A.Where did she put itC.That where she put it7. nothing to do with us.A.What she did haveC.What did he do hasB.Where she put it

28、D.In which she put itB.What she did isD.What she has done has8. The trouble is we are short of hands.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which9. Energy is makes things work.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.that10. My hometown is not it used to ten years ago.A.when, do B.what, do C.what, be D.when, be11. The reason I h

29、ave to go is my mother is 川 in bed.A.why, why B.why, because C.why, that D.that, because12. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A.which B.thatC.when13. That is I lost my pen.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.so thatD.what14. Have you any idea? A.how fast does light travel C.how soon light travelsB.

30、how quick light travelsD.how fast light travels15. His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A.that we go B.which we should go C.that we would goD.we would go16. He was interested inhe had seen at the exhibition.A.whichB.that C.all what D.all that17. He often thinks of he c

31、an do more for his country.A.what B.how C.thatD.which18. He made quite clear that he wouldn't change his mind.A.this B.that C.it19.I don't know.A.what was the matter outsideC.what was outside the matterD.whatB.what the matter outside wasD.what was happened outside20 .He has come , but I didn

32、't know that he until yesterday.A.is coming B.will come C.was coming D.wasn't coming21 .He ran back into the room to see if he anything behind.A.has forgotten B.had forgotten C.has left D.had left 22.They want to know do to help us.A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can the

33、y 23.Do you know brighter than the moon?A.why the sun lookB.why the sun looksC.why does the sun look D.why is the sun look24 .Can you tell me the railway station?A.how I can get to B.where I can get toC.how can I get to D.where can I get to 25.These photographs will show you.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks likeC.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 26.Can you make sure the gold ring?A.where Alice had putB.where h