漢口校區(qū)高升專英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類

1、系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞，又叫連系動(dòng)詞，這種動(dòng)詞并系動(dòng)詞，又叫連系動(dòng)詞，這種動(dòng)詞并沒(méi)有沒(méi)有具體動(dòng)作具體動(dòng)作，而只是，而只是起連接起連接主語(yǔ)和后邊成分主語(yǔ)和后邊成分的的作用作用。 系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。一一. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 (+形容詞形容詞)例：1. Come home before it gets dark. (天黑前回家。) 2. My dream will come true in th

2、e future. (我的夢(mèng)想未來(lái)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。) 3. She went red with anger. (她氣得滿臉通紅。) become /1get, grow, come, go 形容詞 名詞變得形容詞(2)起來(lái)起來(lái)look () sound () smell ()/ like ( )taste () fell ()看起來(lái)，聽(tīng)起來(lái)，聞起來(lái)，形容詞像名詞嘗起來(lái)，感覺(jué)起來(lái)例：1. It sounds great. (聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒。)It sounds like a true story. (那好像是真實(shí)的故事。)2. The cloth feels soft. (這塊布摸起來(lái)很柔軟。)The cl

3、oth feels like silk. (這塊布摸起來(lái)像絲。)注意注意：feel like + V-ing (想要想要)；feel like (大概像大概像似的似的)例：例：1. I dont feel like taking a walk now. (我現(xiàn)在不想去散步。我現(xiàn)在不想去散步。) 2. It feels like rain. (大概快下雨了。大概快下雨了。)例：l. She during the earthquake. (地震時(shí)她保持冷靜。)2. The weather is going to for a few days. (晴天將會(huì)持續(xù)兩三天。)(3)保持保持(狀態(tài)狀態(tài))ke

4、ep, staykept calmstay fine二、助動(dòng)詞二、助動(dòng)詞什么是助動(dòng)詞什么是助動(dòng)詞 1）協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞，）協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞，被協(xié)助的被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~。助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~。助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)2） 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)：，可以用來(lái)：表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is s

5、inging.He has got married.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：Do you like college life?與否定副詞與否定副詞not合用，表否定，例如：合用，表否定，例如：I dont like him. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3） 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞詞變化變化

6、形式形式功能功能例句例句beam, is,are, was, wereBe + V-ing 構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)The students are having class.They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.Be + done構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The baby was put in bed by his mother.The invitation was received yesterday.dodoes, did幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句Do you live in China? Yes, I do.幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句He didnt go to see

7、 the film last Sunday.havehas,hadHave + done, 構(gòu)成完成時(shí)I have never travelled by plane before.- Have you found your lost pen yet?- No, I havent found it yet.will/shallWill/shall + 動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.There will be more trees in one hundred years.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞例句例句詞義詞義詞性及作用詞性及作用b

8、eI am a student.是系動(dòng)詞I am studying grammar.無(wú)詞義助動(dòng)詞haveI have two brothers.有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞I have studied English for 3 years.無(wú)詞義助動(dòng)詞doI often do my homework at home.做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞I do not like English.無(wú)詞義助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：助動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。它在句中須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。其肯定句，否定句疑問(wèn)句式的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 肯定句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形

9、否定句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形 疑問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有： can (could), may (might), will (would) shall (should), ought to must, have to (had to) need, dare (dared)Can (could) 能力能力,許可許可,可能可能a.表表能力能力=be able to1.He can speak Japanese, but he cannot/cant write it.2.She tried to tie the rope, but she couldnt(過(guò)去式).3.明天我

10、將能完成報(bào)告并出去看展覽。明天我將能完成報(bào)告并出去看展覽。 I will be able to finish the paper, and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.4.我一直想不起他的名字。I havent been able to recall his name.b.表表可能可能1.It cannot be true.2.This kind of thing can happen every now and then.3.A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble. 與人發(fā)生口角有時(shí)可能導(dǎo)致麻煩。c.表表許可

11、許可1.You can come in if you have a ticket.2.Im afraid you cant park your car here.3.-Can I leave early because Im not well today?-Certainly.d.表表請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求1.Can you do me a favor? Could you do me a favor? 更為客氣2.Could you repeat your cell phone number, please?May （might)a.表表許可許可1.You may not chew gum in clas

12、s.2.-May I interrupt you?-Sure.b.表表可能可能1.You may be right but I am against your opinion.2.His health may or may not turn for the better.3.She might not know that you are here.might所表示的可能性較may低c.表表祈愿祈愿1.May I never see a film like that again!愿我不會(huì)再看到那樣的電影了。2.May you succeed.祝你成功Musta.表表義務(wù)義務(wù),命令命令1.You

13、must return this book by next Tuesday.2.You must not talk with your mouth full.注意 must not 不可以,禁止3.Must I really attend the meeting?-Yes, you must.-No, you need not.-No, you dont have to.注意must=have to must只能用于現(xiàn)在式其過(guò)去時(shí)只能用had to, 將來(lái)時(shí)用will have to, 完成時(shí)用have had to代替1.I had to go to see the doctor becau

14、se I caught a cold. I caught Toms cold. 被Tom傳染了感冒2.Youll have to replace the light bulb.你得把燈泡換一下。3.We have had to stay here because its raining heavily/cats and dogs outside.我們必須一直待在這里,因?yàn)橥饷嬲谙麓笥曛攸c(diǎn)口語(yǔ)中,常用have got to 代替have to 其中have是助動(dòng)詞Youve got to be more patient, Mary.由于have是準(zhǔn)助動(dòng)詞,所以可以縮寫(xiě)b.表表推測(cè)推測(cè)1.You

15、 must be kidding.2.That is an enormous animal; it must weigh a ton.重點(diǎn)表推測(cè)時(shí)的must,否定用cannot, must not 是不可以,禁止Shes very young. She cannot be over twenty.c.表表必然必然All man must die.人一定會(huì)死Willa.表表現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)1.Mom will be downstairs now.媽媽現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在樓下吧2.That will be his house.那應(yīng)該是他家吧b.表表主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)烈的意志主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)烈的意志;固執(zhí)固執(zhí)1.The win

16、dows will not open.窗戶怎么也打不開(kāi) (人的感受,也許其他人感到可以打開(kāi))2.He will insist on his right.他要堅(jiān)持他的權(quán)利c.表表習(xí)慣習(xí)慣;傾向傾向1.Accidents will happen.事故總會(huì)發(fā)生2.A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者總會(huì)攀草求援d.表表請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求;勸誘勸誘1.Will you bring me a ladder? 請(qǐng)你 好嗎 ?麻煩你拿個(gè)梯子給我好嗎?2.Will you have one more coffee?你要不要再來(lái)杯咖啡呢?Wouldwould為will的過(guò)去式,

17、但其有特殊的用法a.表表客氣的請(qǐng)求客氣的請(qǐng)求1.Would you mind if I sit next to you? Would you mind me/my sitting next to you?2.Would you call me back later? Would you please call me back later? Would you call me back later, please?b.表表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣過(guò)去的習(xí)慣/常常做的事情常常做的事情常伴隨sometimes, often等頻率副詞Before they had television, people would

18、listen to the radio.Before they had television, people listened to the radio. 語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)上去在有電視之前,人們常常聽(tīng)收音機(jī).Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop. Susan以前經(jīng)常和我們?cè)诳Х瑞^聊天。(現(xiàn)在不了)c表表過(guò)去的意志過(guò)去的意志You wouldnt eat carrots when you were a boy.The rusty screw wouldnt come loose.這生銹的螺絲怎么也弄不開(kāi) 表過(guò)去習(xí)慣1.約翰以前在下課后經(jīng)常到餐

19、廳打工。 John used to work part-time(adv.) at a restaurant after school.2.我以前常在午休的時(shí)候去游泳，但現(xiàn)在不了。 I used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I dont.3. I used to go to the movies every Sunday. I wound often go to the movies when I was young.used to 表示過(guò)去相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的習(xí)慣would 表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的重復(fù), 其習(xí)慣意味較淡注意used to的否定形used

20、 not to(因其為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) / didnt use to疑問(wèn)為Used+S+to? 或 Did+S+use to? 1.He used not to drink. He didnt use to drink. 2.Used he to go to school with you? Did he use to go to school with you?Used tob.表表過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀況過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀況1.There used to be an old temple here.這里曾經(jīng)有一座古廟2.He isnt what he used to be three years ago.他不再

21、是三年前的他了重點(diǎn)物 be used to V (物)被用來(lái)人 be used to Ving (人)習(xí)慣人 used to V 過(guò)去習(xí)慣于1.The knife is used to cut bread.2.I am used to keeping good hours. 早睡早起Shoulda.表表義務(wù)義務(wù)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該1.You should exercise more and eat less.play sports有運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目, take exercise扭扭腰什么的2.The government should spend more money on education.注意注意：人 +s

22、pend+時(shí)間或金錢(qián)+on sth/doing sth it + takes + 時(shí)間 物+cost + 金錢(qián) b.表表推測(cè)推測(cè) 應(yīng)該會(huì)應(yīng)該會(huì)吧吧1.Our guests should be here within an hour.我們的客人應(yīng)該會(huì)在一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)到吧。be my guest 別客氣，請(qǐng)用；請(qǐng)便別客氣，請(qǐng)用；請(qǐng)便2.I sent you e-mail/an e-mail yesterday, so you should know about the invitation.我昨天寄了封郵件給你，所以你應(yīng)該知道邀請(qǐng)函的事吧。 C.表表強(qiáng)烈的驚奇強(qiáng)烈的驚奇怎么會(huì)呢怎么會(huì)呢1.Who s

23、hould make such a foolish mistake?誰(shuí)會(huì)犯如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤呢?2.How should I know it?我怎么會(huì)知道呢?重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)ought to(應(yīng)該應(yīng)該) 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)于should, 在口語(yǔ)中常用(美式)1.My bicycle ought to/should/was supposed to be here because I left it just beside the telegraph pole.我的腳踏車應(yīng)該在這里,因?yàn)槲揖桶阉Ｔ陔娋€桿旁2.You oughtnt (to) do so.3.Ought we (to) tell him about i

24、t?在疑問(wèn)和否定,美語(yǔ)常省toNeed (普通動(dòng)詞普通動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)重點(diǎn)：作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)只在否定句,疑問(wèn)句,不用在肯定句 作為一般動(dòng)詞 人+need+toV 物+need+Ving/to be done1.You dont need to speak so loud. I hear you very well. 普通動(dòng)詞 你不需要說(shuō)話這么大聲，我聽(tīng)得很清楚You need not speak so loud. I hear you very well. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.-Do I need to record the program on the tape? 普通動(dòng)詞我需要把節(jié)目錄下來(lái)嗎

25、？-No, you dont （need to）.不， 你不需要3.-Need I record the program on the tape? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-No, you neednt.-Yes, you must. need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能用在肯定句Dare (dare-dared)敢敢dare + VR 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare +(to)+ VR 一般動(dòng)詞1.她不敢說(shuō)實(shí)話。 She dare not/darent tell the truth. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞She does not dare to tell the truth. 一般動(dòng)詞She does not dare tell the trut

26、h. 一般動(dòng)詞2. 那時(shí)不不敢嘲笑他。 I dared not laugh at him at that time. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I didnt dare to laugh at him at that time. 一般動(dòng)詞I didnt dare laugh at him at that time. 一般動(dòng)詞3.How dare you ask me for help?你怎么敢要求我的幫忙呢？ 4.I dare say he is right.我敢說(shuō)他是對(duì)的。 四、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（根據(jù)用法分類）四、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（根據(jù)用法分類） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞指的是有具體行為意思的動(dòng)詞。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 分為及物

27、動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 分為感官動(dòng)詞 使役動(dòng)詞和情緒動(dòng)詞1.及物動(dòng)詞(vt)：及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意思完整。1）動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) Would you please open the window?2）動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.3）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ)（人）間接賓語(yǔ)（人） + 直接賓語(yǔ)（物）直接賓語(yǔ)（物） 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)（物）直接賓語(yǔ)（物）+介詞介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）間接賓語(yǔ)（人）例：She asked

28、me a question. (她問(wèn)我一個(gè)問(wèn)題。 )授與動(dòng)詞所搭配的介詞to give (給)，lend (借出)，show (展示)，pass (傳遞)，pay (付錢(qián))，sell (賣(mài))，send (寄)，teach (教)，tell (告訴)等。for buy (買(mǎi))，make (制造)，cook (烹煮)，get (得到)，find (找出)，play (演奏)，sing (唱歌)等。of ask (問(wèn))例：1. Will you lend me your pen? (請(qǐng)你把你的鋼筆借我好嗎？)注意：borrow (借入)，其后只能接賓語(yǔ)(物)。例：I borrowed many st

29、ory books from my friend. (我向朋友借了許多故事書(shū)。)2. His mother bought him a CD player. (他媽媽買(mǎi)了CD音響給他。)=Will you lend your pen to me? =His mother bought a CD player for him. =His mother bought it for him. = She asked a question of me.2.不及物動(dòng)詞(vi):自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ)；后面若要跟賓語(yǔ)，必須加介詞 Horses run fast.look at the blackboard

30、.3.有些動(dòng)詞既可以作及物動(dòng)詞又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Boys fly kites.（vt使飄揚(yáng)）Birds can fly.（vi飛）They run the factory very well.(vt管理)他們管理工廠管的很好。They run ahead of the schoolmates.(vi跑)他們?cè)谕瑢W(xué)們前頭跑。3.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短暫動(dòng)詞短暫動(dòng)詞)和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(持續(xù)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)動(dòng)詞)(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可持續(xù)的，可以和表示延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可持續(xù)的，可以和表示 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：如：live, stay, study, wo

31、rk, keep, teach。 1.You can keep this book for two weeks. 2.We have lived in China since 2001.(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。如：如：lend,borrow,die,start,begin,stop,finish,arrive etc.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如果和一非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如果和一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用就要用其他詞代替。如：段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用就要用其他詞代替。如： He has arr

32、ived here for five days. He has been here for five days. (T) The film has begun for ten minutes. The film has been on for ten minutes. (T)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1.arriveget to /reach be here (in)2.begin(start) be on3.finish be over4.leave be away (from)5.die be dead6.borrow keep7.catch(a

33、cold) have(a cold)總結(jié)：總結(jié)：短暫動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)形式大多是短暫動(dòng)詞的持續(xù)形式大多是bebe動(dòng)詞加上介詞，形容詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞加上介詞，形容詞短語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或由have, keep, stayhave, keep, stay一類常見(jiàn)持續(xù)動(dòng)詞來(lái)替代。一類常見(jiàn)持續(xù)動(dòng)詞來(lái)替代。4. 使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞“叫叫(人人)做做(事事)”make, have (叫)+賓語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞get (叫)+賓語(yǔ)+ to V.let (讓)+賓語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞help (幫忙)+賓語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞/to V例：1. Our parents made us our teeth three times a day. (我們的父母強(qiáng)迫我們一天刷三次牙。) 2. Ill get them it again. (我要叫他們?cè)僭囈淮巍? 3. He helped me the wall green. (他幫我把墻漆成綠色。)brushto try(to) paintfeel () see ( ) watch ( ) look at ()/V ingnotice () hear ( ) listen to ()感 覺(jué)，看，看，注 視，受 詞 原 形 動(dòng) 詞注 意，聽(tīng)，傾 聽(tīng)例：1. I looked carefully but