漢口校區(qū)高升專英語動詞種類

1、系動詞系動詞助動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞實義動詞實義動詞 系動詞，又叫連系動詞，這種動詞并系動詞，又叫連系動詞，這種動詞并沒有沒有具體動作具體動作，而只是，而只是起連接起連接主語和后邊成分主語和后邊成分的的作用作用。 系動詞本身有詞義，但系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，不能單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。說明主語的。說明主語的狀狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。一一. 系動詞系動詞 (+形容詞形容詞)例：1. Come home before it gets dark. (天黑前回家。) 2. My dream will come true in th

2、e future. (我的夢想未來會實現(xiàn)。) 3. She went red with anger. (她氣得滿臉通紅。) become /1get, grow, come, go 形容詞 名詞變得形容詞(2)起來起來look () sound () smell ()/ like ( )taste () fell ()看起來，聽起來，聞起來，形容詞像名詞嘗起來，感覺起來例：1. It sounds great. (聽起來很棒。)It sounds like a true story. (那好像是真實的故事。)2. The cloth feels soft. (這塊布摸起來很柔軟。)The cl

3、oth feels like silk. (這塊布摸起來像絲。)注意注意：feel like + V-ing (想要想要)；feel like (大概像大概像似的似的)例：例：1. I dont feel like taking a walk now. (我現(xiàn)在不想去散步。我現(xiàn)在不想去散步。) 2. It feels like rain. (大概快下雨了。大概快下雨了。)例：l. She during the earthquake. (地震時她保持冷靜。)2. The weather is going to for a few days. (晴天將會持續(xù)兩三天。)(3)保持保持(狀態(tài)狀態(tài))ke

4、ep, staykept calmstay fine二、助動詞二、助動詞什么是助動詞什么是助動詞 1）協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞，）協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞，被協(xié)助的被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，例如：例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助動詞，無詞義；是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義是主要動詞，有詞義)2） 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：，可以用來：表示時態(tài)，例如：表示時態(tài)，例如：He is s

5、inging.He has got married.表示語態(tài)，例如：表示語態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：Do you like college life?與否定副詞與否定副詞not合用，表否定，例如：合用，表否定，例如：I dont like him. 加強語氣，例如：加強語氣，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3） 最常用的助動詞有最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would助動助動詞詞變化變化

6、形式形式功能功能例句例句beam, is,are, was, wereBe + V-ing 構(gòu)成進行時The students are having class.They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.Be + done構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)The baby was put in bed by his mother.The invitation was received yesterday.dodoes, did幫助實義動詞構(gòu)成疑問句Do you live in China? Yes, I do.幫助實義動詞構(gòu)成否定句He didnt go to see

7、 the film last Sunday.havehas,hadHave + done, 構(gòu)成完成時I have never travelled by plane before.- Have you found your lost pen yet?- No, I havent found it yet.will/shallWill/shall + 動詞原形，構(gòu)成將來時I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.There will be more trees in one hundred years.助動詞助動詞例句例句詞義詞義詞性及作用詞性及作用b

8、eI am a student.是系動詞I am studying grammar.無詞義助動詞haveI have two brothers.有實義動詞I have studied English for 3 years.無詞義助動詞doI often do my homework at home.做實義動詞I do not like English.無詞義助動詞助動詞的特殊用法：助動詞的特殊用法：三、情態(tài)動詞三、情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中須和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。其肯定句，否定句疑問句式的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 肯定句：情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形

9、否定句：情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形 疑問句：情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形 情態(tài)動詞有： can (could), may (might), will (would) shall (should), ought to must, have to (had to) need, dare (dared)Can (could) 能力能力,許可許可,可能可能a.表表能力能力=be able to1.He can speak Japanese, but he cannot/cant write it.2.She tried to tie the rope, but she couldnt(過去式).3.明天我

10、將能完成報告并出去看展覽。明天我將能完成報告并出去看展覽。 I will be able to finish the paper, and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.4.我一直想不起他的名字。I havent been able to recall his name.b.表表可能可能1.It cannot be true.2.This kind of thing can happen every now and then.3.A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble. 與人發(fā)生口角有時可能導致麻煩。c.表表許可

11、許可1.You can come in if you have a ticket.2.Im afraid you cant park your car here.3.-Can I leave early because Im not well today?-Certainly.d.表表請求請求1.Can you do me a favor? Could you do me a favor? 更為客氣2.Could you repeat your cell phone number, please?May （might)a.表表許可許可1.You may not chew gum in clas

12、s.2.-May I interrupt you?-Sure.b.表表可能可能1.You may be right but I am against your opinion.2.His health may or may not turn for the better.3.She might not know that you are here.might所表示的可能性較may低c.表表祈愿祈愿1.May I never see a film like that again!愿我不會再看到那樣的電影了。2.May you succeed.祝你成功Musta.表表義務(wù)義務(wù),命令命令1.You

13、must return this book by next Tuesday.2.You must not talk with your mouth full.注意 must not 不可以,禁止3.Must I really attend the meeting?-Yes, you must.-No, you need not.-No, you dont have to.注意must=have to must只能用于現(xiàn)在式其過去時只能用had to, 將來時用will have to, 完成時用have had to代替1.I had to go to see the doctor becau

14、se I caught a cold. I caught Toms cold. 被Tom傳染了感冒2.Youll have to replace the light bulb.你得把燈泡換一下。3.We have had to stay here because its raining heavily/cats and dogs outside.我們必須一直待在這里,因為外面正在下大雨重點口語中,常用have got to 代替have to 其中have是助動詞Youve got to be more patient, Mary.由于have是準助動詞,所以可以縮寫b.表表推測推測1.You

15、 must be kidding.2.That is an enormous animal; it must weigh a ton.重點表推測時的must,否定用cannot, must not 是不可以,禁止Shes very young. She cannot be over twenty.c.表表必然必然All man must die.人一定會死Willa.表表現(xiàn)在的推測現(xiàn)在的推測1.Mom will be downstairs now.媽媽現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在樓下吧2.That will be his house.那應(yīng)該是他家吧b.表表主語強烈的意志主語強烈的意志;固執(zhí)固執(zhí)1.The win

16、dows will not open.窗戶怎么也打不開 (人的感受,也許其他人感到可以打開)2.He will insist on his right.他要堅持他的權(quán)利c.表表習慣習慣;傾向傾向1.Accidents will happen.事故總會發(fā)生2.A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者總會攀草求援d.表表請求請求;勸誘勸誘1.Will you bring me a ladder? 請你 好嗎 ?麻煩你拿個梯子給我好嗎?2.Will you have one more coffee?你要不要再來杯咖啡呢?Wouldwould為will的過去式,

17、但其有特殊的用法a.表表客氣的請求客氣的請求1.Would you mind if I sit next to you? Would you mind me/my sitting next to you?2.Would you call me back later? Would you please call me back later? Would you call me back later, please?b.表表過去的習慣過去的習慣/常常做的事情常常做的事情常伴隨sometimes, often等頻率副詞Before they had television, people would

18、listen to the radio.Before they had television, people listened to the radio. 語氣沒上去在有電視之前,人們常常聽收音機.Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop. Susan以前經(jīng)常和我們在咖啡館聊天。(現(xiàn)在不了)c表表過去的意志過去的意志You wouldnt eat carrots when you were a boy.The rusty screw wouldnt come loose.這生銹的螺絲怎么也弄不開 表過去習慣1.約翰以前在下課后經(jīng)常到餐

19、廳打工。 John used to work part-time(adv.) at a restaurant after school.2.我以前常在午休的時候去游泳，但現(xiàn)在不了。 I used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I dont.3. I used to go to the movies every Sunday. I wound often go to the movies when I was young.used to 表示過去相當長的習慣would 表示過去動作的重復(fù), 其習慣意味較淡注意used to的否定形used

20、 not to(因其為情態(tài)動詞) / didnt use to疑問為Used+S+to? 或 Did+S+use to? 1.He used not to drink. He didnt use to drink. 2.Used he to go to school with you? Did he use to go to school with you?Used tob.表表過去持續(xù)的狀況過去持續(xù)的狀況1.There used to be an old temple here.這里曾經(jīng)有一座古廟2.He isnt what he used to be three years ago.他不再

21、是三年前的他了重點物 be used to V (物)被用來人 be used to Ving (人)習慣人 used to V 過去習慣于1.The knife is used to cut bread.2.I am used to keeping good hours. 早睡早起Shoulda.表表義務(wù)義務(wù)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該1.You should exercise more and eat less.play sports有運動項目, take exercise扭扭腰什么的2.The government should spend more money on education.注意注意：人 +s

22、pend+時間或金錢+on sth/doing sth it + takes + 時間 物+cost + 金錢 b.表表推測推測 應(yīng)該會應(yīng)該會吧吧1.Our guests should be here within an hour.我們的客人應(yīng)該會在一個小時之內(nèi)到吧。be my guest 別客氣，請用；請便別客氣，請用；請便2.I sent you e-mail/an e-mail yesterday, so you should know about the invitation.我昨天寄了封郵件給你，所以你應(yīng)該知道邀請函的事吧。 C.表表強烈的驚奇強烈的驚奇怎么會呢怎么會呢1.Who s

23、hould make such a foolish mistake?誰會犯如此愚蠢的錯誤呢?2.How should I know it?我怎么會知道呢?重點重點ought to(應(yīng)該應(yīng)該) 語氣強于should, 在口語中常用(美式)1.My bicycle ought to/should/was supposed to be here because I left it just beside the telegraph pole.我的腳踏車應(yīng)該在這里,因為我就把它停在電線桿旁2.You oughtnt (to) do so.3.Ought we (to) tell him about i

24、t?在疑問和否定,美語常省toNeed (普通動詞普通動詞/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞)重點：作為情態(tài)動詞時只在否定句,疑問句,不用在肯定句 作為一般動詞 人+need+toV 物+need+Ving/to be done1.You dont need to speak so loud. I hear you very well. 普通動詞 你不需要說話這么大聲，我聽得很清楚You need not speak so loud. I hear you very well. 情態(tài)動詞2.-Do I need to record the program on the tape? 普通動詞我需要把節(jié)目錄下來嗎

25、？-No, you dont （need to）.不， 你不需要3.-Need I record the program on the tape? 情態(tài)動詞-No, you neednt.-Yes, you must. need作情態(tài)動詞不能用在肯定句Dare (dare-dared)敢敢dare + VR 情態(tài)動詞dare +(to)+ VR 一般動詞1.她不敢說實話。 She dare not/darent tell the truth. 情態(tài)動詞She does not dare to tell the truth. 一般動詞She does not dare tell the trut

26、h. 一般動詞2. 那時不不敢嘲笑他。 I dared not laugh at him at that time. 情態(tài)動詞I didnt dare to laugh at him at that time. 一般動詞I didnt dare laugh at him at that time. 一般動詞3.How dare you ask me for help?你怎么敢要求我的幫忙呢？ 4.I dare say he is right.我敢說他是對的。 四、實義動詞（根據(jù)用法分類）四、實義動詞（根據(jù)用法分類） 實義動詞指的是有具體行為意思的動詞。 實義動詞是能獨立做謂語的動詞。 分為及物

27、動詞和不及物動詞 分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞 分為感官動詞 使役動詞和情緒動詞1.及物動詞(vt)：及物動詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。1）動詞 + 賓語 Would you please open the window?2）動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語 We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.3）動詞）動詞 + 間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人） + 直接賓語（物）直接賓語（物） 動詞動詞+直接賓語（物）直接賓語（物）+介詞介詞+間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人）例：She asked

28、me a question. (她問我一個問題。 )授與動詞所搭配的介詞to give (給)，lend (借出)，show (展示)，pass (傳遞)，pay (付錢)，sell (賣)，send (寄)，teach (教)，tell (告訴)等。for buy (買)，make (制造)，cook (烹煮)，get (得到)，find (找出)，play (演奏)，sing (唱歌)等。of ask (問)例：1. Will you lend me your pen? (請你把你的鋼筆借我好嗎？)注意：borrow (借入)，其后只能接賓語(物)。例：I borrowed many st

29、ory books from my friend. (我向朋友借了許多故事書。)2. His mother bought him a CD player. (他媽媽買了CD音響給他。)=Will you lend your pen to me? =His mother bought a CD player for him. =His mother bought it for him. = She asked a question of me.2.不及物動詞(vi):自身意思完整，無需接賓語；后面若要跟賓語，必須加介詞 Horses run fast.look at the blackboard

30、.3.有些動詞既可以作及物動詞又可以作不及物動詞。如：Boys fly kites.（vt使飄揚）Birds can fly.（vi飛）They run the factory very well.(vt管理)他們管理工廠管的很好。They run ahead of the schoolmates.(vi跑)他們在同學們前頭跑。3.延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞(短暫動詞短暫動詞)和非延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞(持續(xù)動詞持續(xù)動詞)(1)延續(xù)性動詞表示動作是可持續(xù)的，可以和表示延續(xù)性動詞表示動作是可持續(xù)的，可以和表示 一段時間一段時間的狀語連用。的狀語連用。如：如：live, stay, study, wo

31、rk, keep, teach。 1.You can keep this book for two weeks. 2.We have lived in China since 2001.(2)非延續(xù)性動詞表示瞬間動作，動作一經(jīng)發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。非延續(xù)性動詞表示瞬間動作，動作一經(jīng)發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。如：如：lend,borrow,die,start,begin,stop,finish,arrive etc.非延續(xù)性動詞不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如果和一非延續(xù)性動詞不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如果和一段時間的狀語連用就要用其他詞代替。如：段時間的狀語連用就要用其他詞代替。如： He has arr

32、ived here for five days. He has been here for five days. (T) The film has begun for ten minutes. The film has been on for ten minutes. (T)非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1.arriveget to /reach be here (in)2.begin(start) be on3.finish be over4.leave be away (from)5.die be dead6.borrow keep7.catch(a

33、cold) have(a cold)總結(jié)：總結(jié)：短暫動詞的持續(xù)形式大多是短暫動詞的持續(xù)形式大多是bebe動詞加上介詞，形容詞短語，動詞加上介詞，形容詞短語，被動語態(tài)，或由被動語態(tài)，或由have, keep, stayhave, keep, stay一類常見持續(xù)動詞來替代。一類常見持續(xù)動詞來替代。4. 使役動詞使役動詞“叫叫(人人)做做(事事)”make, have (叫)+賓語+原形動詞get (叫)+賓語+ to V.let (讓)+賓語+原形動詞help (幫忙)+賓語+原形動詞/to V例：1. Our parents made us our teeth three times a day. (我們的父母強迫我們一天刷三次牙。) 2. Ill get them it again. (我要叫他們再試一次。) 3. He helped me the wall green. (他幫我把墻漆成綠色。)brushto try(to) paintfeel () see ( ) watch ( ) look at ()/V ingnotice () hear ( ) listen to ()感 覺，看，看，注 視，受 詞 原 形 動 詞注 意，聽，傾 聽例：1. I looked carefully but