英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞 (2)

1、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù)，而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣，但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中，且常與for，how，long，since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。例如： 1I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China 自從來到中國(guó)，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l，00

2、0多個(gè)漢字。 2We have lived in Linqing since we came here自從來到這兒，我們就一直住在臨清。 3I have kept the picture for about three years這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動(dòng)詞 終止性動(dòng)詞又稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，也就是說動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束，并產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，le

3、ave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要注意下面三點(diǎn)： （一）終止性動(dòng)詞可直接用來表示某一動(dòng)作的完成。例如： 1They have reached Shanghai他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了上海。 2Has he gone to London? 他已經(jīng)到倫敦去了嗎? （二）終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一般不能和以since，for等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： 1那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。The old man has died for a week(誤) 2他三天前就已經(jīng)來這兒了。He has come

4、here since three days ago(誤) 在以上兩句中，die和come都是終止性動(dòng)詞，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能與以 since或for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，上面兩個(gè)句子應(yīng)該怎樣譯成英語(yǔ)呢?請(qǐng)看下面四種譯法： 1把終止性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如： The old man has been dead for a week He has been here since three days ago 2把原句中的一段時(shí)間改為表示“過去”的時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改變成一般過去時(shí)。例如： The old man died a week ago He came here t

5、hree days ago 3用“It is+時(shí)間+since”句式。例如： It ishas been a week since the old man died It has beenis three days since he came here 4用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+has passed+since”句式。例如： A week has passed since the old men died Three days had passed since he came here (三)有關(guān)特殊終止性動(dòng)詞的用法。 1在while(表示一段時(shí)間)引導(dǎo)的從句里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能使用終止性動(dòng)詞，但可以把wh

6、ile改成when，這樣，從句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就可以使用終止性動(dòng)詞了。因?yàn)閣hen既可以表示時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)”，又可以表示時(shí)間的“段”。例如： While he got to Americahe found his English Was very poor(誤) When he got t0 Americahe found his English was very poor(正) 2終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until連用時(shí)，意為“直到才不到什么時(shí)間不”等。例如： Dont get off until the bus stops車未停穩(wěn)，切勿下車。 3終止性動(dòng)詞不可以與how long引導(dǎo)的句式連用。例如：

7、 How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤) When did you borrow the magazine?(正) How long have you kept the magazine?(正) 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English si

8、nce I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。 2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 瞬間動(dòng)詞，也叫終止性、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞。表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，或表示短暫性、一次性的動(dòng)作。如：close,

9、 leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下)，fall ill(病倒)，get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold等。這類動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)，但在一般情況下，不能加上表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或疑問詞， 但是在否定句中，瞬間動(dòng)詞也可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)、連詞連用，它的含義是好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒進(jìn)行這個(gè)動(dòng)作了，沒進(jìn)行此動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)就可以延續(xù)。延續(xù)性：live,eat,drink,lie,sit,sleep,walk,run,talk,chat,wear,wash,brush,bathe,breathe

10、,do,make,write,speak,use,travel,ride,play,swim,climb,sing,laugh,smile,continue,last,wait,stay,work,have,look,listen,watch,cook.瞬間性：open,close,turn,get,arrive,reach,leave,move,come,go,buy,sell,borrow,lend,jump,break,die,put on,put off,stop,solve,pay,refuse,see,hear,find. 終止性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： borrow keep buy

11、/ get have move (to) live / be (in/at) receive / get a letter from / hear from have a letter from begin / start to do doget / turn / become + adj. be + adj. die be dead open be open close be closed wake be awake fall ill be ill fall asleep / get to sleep be asleep get up be up turn on / off be on /

12、off begin / start (開演) be on finish / end / complete be over come / get / arrive here be here go / get / arrive there be thereleave / start (出發(fā)) be away come / go / get back / return be backcome to / go to / get to / arrive in / arrive at / reach be in / atgo to school be at school / be a student jo

13、in the army be in the army / be a soldierjoin the Party be in the Party / be a Party member / be a member of the Party延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth - keep sth open,

14、fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years