初三直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的講解

1、Direct speech 直接引語(yǔ) Reported speech間接引語(yǔ).直接引述別人的話，要加引號(hào)用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用引號(hào)引述別人的話語(yǔ)一般采用兩種方式引述別人的話語(yǔ)一般采用兩種方式: 原封不動(dòng)地引用原話原封不動(dòng)地引用原話,把它放在括號(hào)把它放在括號(hào)內(nèi)內(nèi),這叫直接引語(yǔ)這叫直接引語(yǔ);二二. 用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述, 這叫間接引這叫間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ) .）人稱(chēng)的變化）人稱(chēng)的變化一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓三三不不變變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱(chēng)變間引后與主稱(chēng)變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保句主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱(chēng)變間引后與主稱(chēng)變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保句賓

2、語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)保持一致持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱(chēng)在變間引后去人稱(chēng)在變間引后去人稱(chēng)不變稱(chēng)不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一隨主，二隨賓，三不變一隨主，二隨賓，三不變一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

3、一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變不變一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：記?。河涀。褐甘敬~、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化動(dòng)詞的變化“一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾。從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化如：句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化如：S

4、hesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”Directspeech直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ) Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ).“二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)或被第二人你所修飾。從句二人稱(chēng)或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句

5、的賓語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱(chēng)，如：。也可以用第一人稱(chēng)，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人稱(chēng)不更新第三人稱(chēng)不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾從句中的第三人稱(chēng)或被第三人稱(chēng)所修飾從句中的人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化如：人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化如： Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisago

6、odboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student4) He said to

7、 me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermyHe says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher.He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.My sister asked me : “ W

8、hat is your friend?”My sister asked me what my friend was.Jack asked me, How do you like the film?Jack asked me how I liked the film.The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The solider ordered us to be quiet.He said to her,“Open the door, please.”He asked her to open the door.She says,“I will go to Beijing

9、next month.”She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month.He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them.記住記住：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化1陳述句陳述句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略）在口語(yǔ)中常省略）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Hesaid,“IcandowellinEnglish.

10、”現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“Imwritingaletter.”一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish. Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday.注注： 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?nèi)绻骶涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。He says, “Im not good at

11、 math. ”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.注意注意：(1)如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述today,yesterday,tomorrow等等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。 (2)如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為不必改為there，動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞come不必改為不必改為go. (3)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth. Hesaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth. (4)

12、為了表示引述的狀態(tài)和情況到現(xiàn)在仍然是事實(shí)時(shí)，為了表示引述的狀態(tài)和情況到現(xiàn)在仍然是事實(shí)時(shí)，也經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。也經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.” MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent. I I cancan speak three languages. speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.Whatdidhesay?Whatdidhesay?We are havi

13、ng a party for Lana.What did they say?They said they were having a party for Lana.shewashard-working,I am hard-working. Whatdidshesay?Shesaidshewasnotlazy.Whatdidshesay?ShesaidI am not lazy. he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.I am good at English.S

14、hesaidshewasgoodatEnglish.Whatdidshesay?Whatdidshesay?I do well in English.ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish.do well inI do well in English.I go to beach every Sunday.What did he say?He said he_.went to beach every SundayWhat did she say?She said she_.would call me tomorrowI will call you tomorrow.“What ar

15、e you doing?”She asked meI was doing.whatwhat“Why do you like English?”He asked meI liked Englishwhywhy“Where does he live?”She asked mehe lived.wherewhere“How does she go to school?”She asked meShe went to school.howhow“Do you know my name?”She asked meI knew her name.Whether / if是否是否When do you ha

16、ve math?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou have mathyou have math.hadThey asked him when he had math.Summary(總結(jié)總結(jié))1.特殊疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)特殊疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)Do you have math?( They asked him )They asked himWhether/ifyou have mathyou have math.hadThey asked him whether/if he had math.2.一般疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句直接引

17、語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)將下列直接引語(yǔ)的句子改寫(xiě)為間接引語(yǔ)將下列直接引語(yǔ)的句子改寫(xiě)為間接引語(yǔ):1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria.Can you play the piano?( They asked him )They asked himWhether/ifYou can play the pianoyou can play the piano.couldThey asked him whethe

18、r/if he could play the piano. She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science.2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat.3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _ _ born.4. “ Whats wrong wit

19、h you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.5. The girl asked me “What happened?” The girl asked me _ _.Exercises:why I was when he wouldwhere I waswhat was wrong me what happened 1.“Whereisshefrom?”Heaskedwhereshewasfrom.2.“Howoldarethey?”Heaskedhowoldtheywere.3.“Whatstheweatherliketoday?”Hea

20、skedwhattheweatherwaslikethatday.4.“Howdoyougotoschool?.”Heasked howyouwenttoschool.5.“Whoissinging?”Heasked whowassinging.6.“Whendoyougetup?”HewantedtoknowwhenIgotup.hereover heretonightnowtodayyesterdaytomorrowlast week/month/yearnext week/month/yearagothe day after tomorrowthisthesecomebringthere

21、over therethat nightthenthat daythe day beforethe next daythe week/moth/yearbeforethe next week/month/yearbeforetwo days laterthatthosegotake5、如果是在當(dāng)天或在原地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)，則上述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、如果是在當(dāng)天或在原地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)，則上述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一律或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一律2. The teacher said, My students are hard-working. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardw

22、orking.3. Tom told Jane, I will lend my bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane.5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimetogohome.”4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”Mr. Wang said that he would leave for Shanghai the next month.She told him that it was time to go home.2. 直

23、接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。1）一般疑問(wèn)句。用）一般疑問(wèn)句。用whether或或if(是否）是否）引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。主句中的動(dòng)詞是主句中的動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)改為時(shí)改為asked，沒(méi)有間接賓，沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me/him/her。Eg.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序 Heaskedmewhether/ifIwasastudent.陳述語(yǔ)序2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句:由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 仍用原來(lái)

24、的疑仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo).要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatheraskedhisson.Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where do you live?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序3. 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),間接祈間接祈使句的引述動(dòng)

25、詞使句的引述動(dòng)詞常用常用tell, ask, order, 等等, 而把直接引語(yǔ)的祈使句變成而把直接引語(yǔ)的祈使句變成帶帶 (not) to的不定式短語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)。句型：句型：tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth如如:1 The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.”老師對(duì)學(xué)生們說(shuō)老師對(duì)學(xué)生們說(shuō): “不要講話了。不要講話了?！盩he teacher told the students to stop talking. 老師讓學(xué)生們不要說(shuō)話了。老師讓學(xué)生們不要說(shuō)話了。2.The teacher said to us,

26、”Dont play in class.The teacher told/asked us not to play in class. 1 The girl said,“I will have a party.”The girl said (that) she would have a party.2 He asked me,“Is your father a doctor?”He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor.3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?”The police as

27、ked the man where he was going.4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!”Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier.5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teacher told /asked us not to talk in class.6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.”The teacher said(that) the moon goes aroun

28、d the earth.1. “I am good at English ,” Lucy said.2. “Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy.3. “We will have a football match,” he told his mother.Lucy said she was good at English.Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.He told his mother they would have a football match .二二.把下列句子變?yōu)殚g

29、接引語(yǔ)。把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)。4. “They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,” the boy said.The boy said they went to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.5.Sheaskedme,Whydoyouwanttodothis?SheaskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.Summary1當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句：由當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句：由( that) 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（said) that+句子（時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推句子（時(shí)態(tài)往過(guò)去推 told 2 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句: 用用 if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) whether