初中語法訓(xùn)練之名詞含練習(xí)題及答案

1、.初中語法之名詞掌握要點(diǎn)：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞）名詞的數(shù) 1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化名詞所有格 含義、構(gòu)成 兩種形式：s所有格及of所有格知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一、名詞的分類1.專有名詞：名字(人名、地名、書名、機(jī)構(gòu)名)、與國家有關(guān)的(國家、國民、語言)、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go tothe Great Wallon Monday.2.普通名詞: 包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 個(gè)體名詞 表示個(gè)體的人或事物 例:sister、table、bike、wind

2、ow可數(shù)名詞 集體名詞 表示一群人或一些事物 例:family、police、class、group物質(zhì)名詞 表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料 例:water、air、wood不可數(shù)名詞 抽象名詞 表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等 例:danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時(shí)可數(shù)，作玻璃時(shí)不可數(shù)。身兼二職的名詞對(duì)照表glassfish chickentime 可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時(shí)間orange lightpaper hair 可數(shù)橘子

3、電燈報(bào)紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidea lifework可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意/意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗(yàn)interest room可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式(1) 規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、 一般情況在詞尾直接加s , 例 bags。2、 以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es 例 city-cities；以

4、“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。4、以o結(jié)尾的除potato(馬鈴薯)、tomato(西紅柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es, roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs。(2)不規(guī)則變化1、單詞拼寫發(fā)生變化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面例：an Englishman-Englis

5、hmen an American-Americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 常用分以下幾類：表示動(dòng)物的名詞deer 鹿，fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中國人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 親屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī)，aircraft 飛機(jī)， spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred百，thousand千，million百萬，dozen一打， score 二十其他series 系列；species種類；means方法(3)不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與a/an及數(shù)次搭配

6、使用。表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配。例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡) two glasses of milk(兩杯牛奶) three pieces of paper(三張紙) four bottles of water(四杯水)三、名詞所有格含義：名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是s所有格，一種是of所有格Beijing is Chinas capital.=Beijing is the captital of China.This is Toms bike = This is the bike of Tom. Lily is the keys owner.= Lily

7、is the owner of the key.1、s所有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加s，如 Lucys pen路西的鋼筆Childrens Day（兒童節(jié)）；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加, 如the students books 學(xué)生們的書。2、幾個(gè)人共有的東西，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名詞后加s, 如 Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和莉莉的臥室)。表示各自所有，則每個(gè)名詞都加s,如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。典型例題講解1. They got much _ from those new books. A. idea

8、s B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的, A B D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有兩種含義, 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞, 第二空填不可數(shù)名詞, 因此選 C。3. Every evening M

9、r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此選A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 與people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一個(gè)人”用 “a person”,“兩個(gè)人” 用 “two persons

10、”; people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù), the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個(gè)民族”. 應(yīng)選B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞, 故應(yīng)+s, 因此選D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B

11、. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析: room number 房間號(hào)碼. room可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞 . 類似的還有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等. 應(yīng)選C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房間;而home

12、 指的是家, 因此選C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 解

13、析: 此句意為 “李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具體場所時(shí), 可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience解析: experience 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)” 講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)理解為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句

14、, 不用于否定句, 因此選B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Frenchmen; Germ

15、an 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S, 應(yīng)選A.13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be解析: team 是一個(gè)集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(指整個(gè)小組) , 也可指小組中的成員(表示復(fù)數(shù)), 此題意為后者, 因此選B。14. “Would you like _” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coff

16、ee是不可數(shù)名詞, 可以用of來表示數(shù)量, eg, three cups of coffee, 當(dāng)前面加a 時(shí),則表示“一杯”因此選C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪

17、除B D,數(shù)以百萬的應(yīng)為millions of . 因此選A。名詞練習(xí)題1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like A. paper B. bread C. pieces of pape

18、rs D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your litt

19、le finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a l

20、ot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yetA. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minute

21、s B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word B. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mil

22、e distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ isA. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too

23、much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shopA. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting

24、will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. Im going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _wait

25、ing for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.A. machine B. machinesC. a machine D. the machine26. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toysC. books D. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and boug

26、ht a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. anger B. angryC. angrily D. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for meA. five-pound note B. five pounds noteC. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations31. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wine B. wine glassC. glass of wine D. wine of glass32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fall B. reality C. practice D. deed