的幾個主要用法

1、六級語法：only的幾種特殊用法在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，我們常遇到only與其它詞或結(jié)構(gòu)搭配來表達(dá)不同的意思，現(xiàn)將這些用法示例一、only引導(dǎo)的詞組或句子放在句首作狀語時，通常要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如Only in this way can you solve the problem.只有通過這種方式你才能解決問題。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過考試。Only then did I realize my mistake.只有那時我才意識到錯了。二、not only.(but also)出現(xiàn)在句首時，如果架連接的是兩個句子，常用

2、倒裝。如Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.我們不僅丟了錢，還差點把命丟了。Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.他不僅說得準(zhǔn)確，而且說得很輕松。三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人們的意料的結(jié)果。如I went all the way to his home only to find him out at a meeting.我徑直到他家里去，不料發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去開會了。I hurried t

3、o the post office only to find it closed.我匆忙趕到郵局，不料已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。She went home only to find her house burglarized.她回到家里，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。四、“too.to.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示否定意思，但在“only too.to.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如The patient is too weak to walk.那個病人太虛弱了，走不動。We are only too willing to do it for you.我們非常愿意為你做那事。I am only too de

4、lighted to accept your king invitation.我非常高興地接受你的邀請。五、在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句卻被看作修飾“the only one”，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.這是近兩年出版的最好的小說之一。He was the only one of t

5、he boys who was given a prize.他是這些孩子中唯一受到獎勵的。She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.她是那些女孩中唯一去過美國的。六、If only 為虛擬語氣的一種，表示愿望或一個未實現(xiàn)的條件，多用于感嘆句，其主句常常省略。如If only she would marry me!她要是能和我結(jié)婚該多好！If only he had known about it!他那時要是知道這件事該多好！If only you could have been here earlier that day!要是

6、你那天再早點到這就好了。If only there were forty-eighty hours in a day.要是一天有48個小時就好了。六級語法：主謂倒裝主語和謂語是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語序：一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序（Natural Order）；二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序（Inverted Order）。而倒裝語序中又有全部倒裝（Full Inversion）和部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）兩種情況。首先，在全部倒裝的句子中，要把整個謂語放在主語的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語序。例如：There are large numbers of students i

7、n the lecture hall.（在There be的句式中，There只是個引導(dǎo)詞而不是主語，真正的主語是后面作表語的名詞或者名詞短語。因此，There be的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。）演講廳里有大量的學(xué)生。When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .（此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要"，把倒裝當(dāng)著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語是a mid-aged man，謂語是stood 。）當(dāng)他向房門跑去時，那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。另外，在

8、部分倒裝的句子中，只把謂語的一部分（如情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、或是系動詞be）放到主語的前面去，構(gòu)成倒裝語序。例如：Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? （句子的謂語是are going to take part，are是句子的謂語的一部分；句子的主語是you 。所以，此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問句都是部分倒裝句。）你打算去參加星期五與會計系進(jìn)行的足球賽嗎？Hardly could he finish his test paper when

9、the school bell rang .（由于語法要求的原因，本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語序應(yīng)該是：When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.）他還未做完試卷，下課鈴就響了。了解了倒裝語序的構(gòu)成情況后，我們再來看看倒裝語序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況：A. 在疑問句中各種疑問句一般地說都是倒裝語序。例如：Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個周末他們將來看我們嗎？Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday

10、?你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢?？Can you speak another foreign language except English?除開英語，你還能說另一種外語嗎？Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?你在哪兒買的這本詞典，是在附近的書店還是在新華書店？She is not a student, isnt she ? 她不是個學(xué)生，對嗎？B. 在感嘆句中某些感嘆句也用倒裝語序。例如：Is nt it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花

11、園??！What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊?。ㄔ谶@種句式中，主語在謂語之前，屬于自然語序。對于主語和謂語而言，語序沒有倒裝。）Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !你見過那個孩子像他這么調(diào)皮！C. 在陳述句中陳述句在一般情況下用自然語序；但由于英語語法的某些原因，陳述句也要使用倒裝語序。這些原因大致可以歸納1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用"so + be動詞（助動詞、情態(tài)動詞）+主語"或"neither / nor + be動詞（助動詞、情態(tài)動詞）+主

12、語"的倒裝句式。其中第一個句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同"， 第二個句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如：His brother is a college student; so is mine.他弟弟是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college student; nor is min .他弟弟不是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也不是。He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.他曾去國外深造過，我也去過。He didnt use to have his fu

13、rther study abroad; neither did I.他沒去國外深造過，我也沒有。One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.我的一個朋友會說三門外國語，他的妻子也會。One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一個朋友不會說三門外國語，他的妻子也不會。They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are w

14、e .他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也一樣。They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .他們沒在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也沒有。2）具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時（除否定詞修飾主語外），句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語常見的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner (than), hardly (when

15、), not only (but also), not until ,等。例如：Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .她還沒來得及坐下來，就聽見有人敲門。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night .他昨晚直到十二點鐘才睡覺。Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。No sooner had I returned home from New Zealan

16、d than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國，就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。So far as I know seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知，瑪利幾乎很難回來看她媽媽。Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . （否定詞修飾主語時，句子不用倒裝。） 去年秋天，這兒幾乎沒下一滴雨。英語六級語法：多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為：限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -出處-材料

17、性質(zhì)，類別-名詞a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car典型例題:1） Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two答案：C。由"限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -性質(zhì)-名詞"

18、的公式可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and

19、spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后，在不能確定時，可參照下表：限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+those + three + beautiful + large + square新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞old + brown + w

20、ood + table【針對性句型】1. 我深信： I am greatly convinced (that)從句/I am greatly assured (that)從句【例】 我深信預(yù)防勝于治療。=I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 2. 是很容易證明的： It can be easily proved (that)從句【例】 時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。=It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time。3. 無論如何強調(diào)都不為

21、過： .cannot be overemphasized【例】 交通安全的重要性無論如何強調(diào)都不為過。=The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized。4. 在我看來；我認(rèn)為: In my opinion./To my mind./As far as I am concerned./I am of the opinion that從句【例】 在我看來，打電子游戲既花費時間又有損健康。=In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is

22、harmful to health。5. 不用說: It goes without saying that從句/Needless to say that從句/It is obvious that從句/Obviously,主語+謂語(+賓語)【例】 不用說，早睡早起是值得的。=It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours。6. 是不可能的；無法: There is no+doing sth. /There is no way of+doing sth. /There is no possibility of+doing sth.

23、/It is impossible to do sth. /It is out of the question to do sth. /No one can+do sth. /.cannot+do sth。【例】 不可否認(rèn)，事業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵在于身心健康。=There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind。7. 人人知曉/毫無疑問： Everyone knows (that)從句/There is no doubt that從句【例】 毫無疑問，近視在我國的年青人中是一個嚴(yán)重的問題。=There

24、 is no doubt that near?sightedness is a serious problem among the youth in our country。8. 是必要的： It is necessary that+主語 (+should)+謂語是重要的： It is important/essential+that 主語 (+should)+謂語是適當(dāng)?shù)模?It is proper that+主語 (+should)+謂語是緊急的： It is urgent that+主語 (+should)+謂語【例】 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)保持公共場所的清潔。=It is proper that w

25、e (should) keep the public places clean。#p#副標(biāo)題#e#9. 據(jù)說: It is said that從句一般認(rèn)為： It is thought that從句眾所周知： It is known that從句據(jù)報道： It is reported that從句一般估計： It is estimated that從句【例】 眾所周知，閱讀增加我們的知識，開闊我們的心胸。=It is known that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind。10. 的主要原因是: The main rea

26、son why.is that從句【例】 青少年犯罪的主要原因是社會環(huán)境逐漸惡化。=The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse?！窘?jīng)典句型】1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases related to smoking. 根據(jù)最近的一項調(diào)查，每年有400萬人死于與吸煙相關(guān)的疾病。2. The latest surveys show th

27、at quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對家庭作業(yè)感到不滿。3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 沒有一項發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這樣受到如此多的表揚和批評。4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness。許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有利于身體健康。5. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考慮到問題的嚴(yán)重性，在事態(tài)進(jìn)一步惡化之前必須采取有效的措施。6. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made