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1、英語詞性的分類及用法一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性,英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個大類1 名詞 noun n. student 學生2 代詞 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容詞 adjective adj. happy 高興的4 副詞 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5動詞verb v. cut砍、割6 數(shù)詞 numeral num. three 三7 冠詞 article art. a 一個8 介詞 preposition prep. at 在.9 連詞 conjunction conj. and 和10 感嘆詞 interjection interj.
2、oh 哦前六類叫實詞,后四類叫虛詞。二、名詞名詞概論名詞專用名詞普通名詞個體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞不口數(shù)名詞抽象名詞名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buseswatch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等結(jié)尾的 詞加-slicense-licenses以輔首字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加esbaby-babies名詞的格在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teachers book 。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下
3、:1)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s,復數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有 s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的書包, mens room 男廁所。2) 若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加,如:the workers struggle 工人的斗爭。3)凡不能加s的名詞,都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。4)在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barbers 理發(fā)店。5)如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示分別有;只有一個s,則表示共有。如:Johns and Marys room (兩間) J
4、ohn and Marys room(間)6) 復合名詞或短語,s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。如:a month or twos absence三、代詞代詞pronoun簡稱pron是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英 語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身 代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種人稱代詞的用法:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認為是她。(her做賓語,them做介詞賓語,her作主補)a. - Who
5、 broke the vase?- 誰打碎了 花瓶?b. - Me.-我。(me 作主語補語=Its me.)并列人稱代詞的排列順序1)單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時,其順序為:第二人稱 一 第三人稱 一 第一人稱you he/she; it - I指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that )和復數(shù)(these / those )兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,疑問代詞指人: who, whom, whose 指物: what既可指人又可指物:which代詞比較辯異 one, that和itone表示泛指,that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而 it與所指 名詞為同一個。
6、I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.( 同類但不同個 )I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物 )四、冠詞冠詞是印歐語系和閃含語系的諸語中,位于名詞或名詞詞組之前或之后,在句子里主要是對名詞起限定作用的詞。冠詞是一種虛詞。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one同源,是一個的意思。定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this , that同源,有那(這)個的意思。1)特指雙方都明白的人
7、或物:Take the medicine.把藥吃了。2)上文提到過的人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.3)指世上獨一物二的事物:the sun , the sky , the moon , the earth4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元 ;the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人 ; the living 生者。5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same 等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second
8、floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。6)與復數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體:They are the teachers of this school. 指全體教師)They are teachers of this school.( 指部分教師)7)表示所有,相當于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前:the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。10) 用在
9、姓氏的復數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫婦)11) 用在慣用語中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon , evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water , field , country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way,
10、go to the theatre零冠詞的用法冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1) 兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同東西。He raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。2) 如后一個形容詞無冠詞,則指一物。He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。冠詞位置1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意:a. 位于下列形容詞之后:such , what , many , half,such an animal ; Many a manb. 當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, howev
11、er, enough 修飾時, 不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.c. quite , rather 與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當 rather , quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lotd. 在 as, though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后:Brave a man though he is , he trembles at the sight of snakes.當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。
12、2) 定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both , double , half,twice , three times 等詞之后,名詞之前。All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學生都出去了。五、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞的用法1 )倍數(shù)表示法a. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(或分數(shù))+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。b.主語 + 謂語 + 倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ the size (amount , length
13、 )of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49 倍。c.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+形容詞(副詞)比較級 + thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.d.還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.2)分數(shù)表示法構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1 時,分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復數(shù)
14、:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths六、形容詞及其用法形容詞(adjective),簡稱adj.或a.,很多語言中均有的主要詞類中的一種。主要用來修飾名詞的詞,表示事物的特征。形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),和特征的程度好壞,與否。形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing 為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice以 -ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞1 ) friendly , deadly , lovely , lonely , likely , lively , ugl
15、y, brotherly ,仍為形容詞。2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。daily , weekly , monthly , yearly , earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容詞表示類別和整體某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復數(shù)連接。如: the dead , the living ,the rich , the poor , the blind , the hungry多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì),類別
16、-名詞a small round table ; a tall gray building ; a dirty old brown shirt ; a famous German medical school典型例題:1 ) Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案: C。2)One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese
17、stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案 A.3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends , and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案:B 。七、副詞及其基本用法副詞(adverb ,簡寫為adv)是一種用來修
18、飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實的詞。副詞可分為:地點副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞和連接副詞。副詞的排列順序:時間,地點副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。注意:副詞enough 要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough 放在名詞前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose 意思是近 ;close
19、ly 意思是 仔細地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 與 latelylate 意思是 晚 ;lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?形容詞與副詞的比較級1) 規(guī)則變化可修飾比較級的詞a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例題:1 ) Are you feeling ?Yes
20、 , Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案: B. any 可修飾比較級,quite 修飾原級,well 的比較級為better.2 ) The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案: C. much 可修飾比較級,因此 B, C 都說得通,但 easier 本身已是比較級,不需 more ,因此 C 為正確答案。3 ) If there were no exa
21、minations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案: D 。典型例題1 ) The weather in China is different from.C. America D. that in AmericaA. in America B. one in America答案:D.本題意為中國的天氣比美國熱?!北容^的是天氣而不是國家, C不能選。A沒有 名詞,后句成分不全,排除。 B和D中
22、,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而 that可車以 代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選 Do2 ) After the new technique was introduced , the factory produced tractors in 1988 asthe year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as答案C.此句意為這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機是往年的兩倍。表示倍數(shù)用倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞原形+ as +比較對象”的句型。所以此句答案為CoThis ruler is th
23、ree times as long as that one八、動詞動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語,可分為兩類,分別是:及物動詞( Transitive Verb)、不及物動詞I Intransitive Verb ),縮寫形式分別為 vt.和vi.。在英語中按動詞后可否直接跟賓語,可以把動詞分成兩種:及物動詞與不及物動詞。及物動詞vt.字典里詞后標有 vi.的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞后不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其后添加上某個介詞,如to,of ,at后方可跟上賓語。及物動詞: 又稱“他動詞”。又稱“外動詞”。動詞的一種。它所表示的動作常涉及動作者 以外的事物,如“吃”、
24、“穿”、“讀”、“寫”等。字典里詞后標有vt.的就是及物動詞。及物動詞后必須跟有動作的對象(即賓語) ,并且可直接跟賓語。不及物動詞:字典里詞后標有vi.的就是不及物動詞。不及物動詞后不能直接跟有動作的對象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其后添加上某個介詞,如 to,of ,at 后方可跟上賓 語。具體每個動詞后究竟加什么介詞就得聯(lián)系動詞短語了系動詞1)狀態(tài)系動詞:用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有 be一詞,例如:He is a teacher.2)持續(xù)系動詞:用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay,lie, stand, 例如:He always
25、kept silent at meeting.他開會時總保持沉默。3)表像系動詞:用來表示看起來像”這一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.他看起來很累。4)感官系動詞:感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5)變化系動詞:這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動詞有become, grow, turn, fall, get,go, come, run. 例如: He beca
26、me mad after that.自那之后,他瘋了。6)終止系動詞:表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove, turn out,表達證實,變成之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。非謂語動詞1)不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have beendone2)動名詞時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3)分詞時態(tài)語態(tài)主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done
27、否定形式: not +不定式,not +動名詞,not +現(xiàn)在分詞十、連詞連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, notonly but also, either or, neither nor, (andhennotbut 意思為不是 而是not和but后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。They were not t
28、he bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.比較so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many , few , much , little連用,形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n.不可數(shù)such +n.不可數(shù)so fooli
29、sh ; such a foolso nice a flower ; such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers ; such nice flowersso much/little money ; such rapid progressso many people ; such a lot of people十一、介詞介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨作句子成分。 介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時間介詞、地點介 詞、方
30、式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞,一、I念:1 ) 介詞(是prepositions ,簡稱prep),又稱前置詞,是英語中最活躍的詞類之一, 連接主語和表語。特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強,可以用來表示各種不同的意思。英語里大部分習語都是由介詞和其他詞構(gòu)成的。介詞在句中一般不重讀。在定語從句介詞+who/which ”的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 不能用 that 代替 who/which 。 She is a good student from who we should learn.2 )介詞的 種類 介詞 分簡單介詞 和短語介詞 兩種,簡單 介詞及單個 介詞,如 in ,under ,on ,for ,af
31、ter , 等,短語介詞指多個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞,如 in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。二.相關(guān)知識點精講介詞口訣:自從以當為按照,由于對于為了到;和跟把比在關(guān)于,除了同對向往朝;用 在名詞代詞前,修名代要記牢。 省略介詞的幾種情況1、表示時間的短語中如果有next, last, one , this , every , each , some , any , all等單詞時,不用介詞Can you come to see me next Monday ?下周你能來看我嗎?We got married last year
32、我們?nèi)ツ杲Y(jié)的婚。You can come any day you like你哪天來者 B 行。2、在口語中,星期名稱前得 on常被省略Why don t you come and play (on) Sunday evening ?星期日晚上到我家來玩不好嗎?3、在不定冠詞a或an (a或an的意思是 每一)的短語中,不用介詞。three meals a day 一 日三餐thirty miles an hour 每小時三十英里4、在what time前的at經(jīng)常被省略,尤其在口語中。(At) what time did she say she was coming ?她說她幾點鐘來?5、含有
33、 height (高度),length (長度),size (尺碼),shape (現(xiàn)狀),age (年齡), colour (顏色),weight (重量)等詞語在句子中做表語時,短語前不用介詞。She is just the right height to be a model她的身高正合適當模特。What size are your shoes ? 你的鞋是多大號的?Her bag is the same color as mine她的包和我的包顏色一樣6、在 in the same way , in this way , in another way 等短語中,in 常常被省略Plea
34、se try it again (in) the same way 請用同樣的方法再試次7、在表示持續(xù)一段時間的短語中,for常被省略They stayed there (for) six months 他們在那里待了 6 個月時態(tài)名稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用法例句現(xiàn)在 時1 be動詞用 am/is/are 表小,之后 接名詞,形 容詞或介 詞。often;usually;every ;sometimes;always;never;once/twice/ a一般現(xiàn)在 時表示沒 有時限的 持久存在 的習慣性 的動作或 狀態(tài),或 現(xiàn)階段反 復發(fā)生的 動作或狀 態(tài)陳述旬:I am an office w
35、orker.He is so lazy.They areat home now.否定句:I am not Tim.Sheis not very beautiful.They are not in the office.TK 妣問句: Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?2行為動詞 用V原形或 V-s/es ,弓 1 導疑問句和 否定句,用 do或 don t ;第 三人稱時用 does 或 doesn t, 有does出現(xiàn) 動詞用原 形;第三人 稱陳述句V 后力口 s或es.week/month/year;onSundays/Monday
36、s/.;陳述句:I work in Shanghai.He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句:I don t like the food in KFC.Davy doesn t like the food in KFC either.一般疑問句:Do you want a cup of coffee? Doesshe live near the subway station?過去 時。1. be動詞用 過去式was 或were表 示。yesterday;the day before yesterday;lastweek/month/
37、year/ .;ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+過去的時間;在過去時 間里所發(fā) 生的動作陳述旬:I was a big boss.He was beautiful.We were in Beijing lastyear.否定句:I was not at homeat that moment.We were not at workyesterday.TK妣問句:Were you a teacher?Wasshe in the office last week?或行在的 狀態(tài)。2行為動詞 用V-ed,陳 述句,疑問 句和否定句 借助于did, 有did出現(xiàn) 動詞用原
38、 形。陳述句:I worked in Sunmoon.Westudied English there. He lived in HongKong. 否定句:I didn t work here.They didn t see me. She liked English a lot.TK妣問句:Did you go toAmerica?Did he work in Sunmoon?時 態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用 法例句名 稱1任何人稱+will+V 原形.tomorrow,the day after tomorrow;即將發(fā) 生動作 或狀陳述句:I will fly to KongKong tomo
39、rrow.He will go with us.soon;nextweek/month/year/;We will arrive in Shanghai next week. 否定句:I will never believe you again.一股 將來 時theweek/month/year/. after next;on/in +將來的時間;in+一段時間;.He will not come tonight.We will not buy a car next year.TK妣問句:Will you go there by train?W川 he come tomorrow?W川 the
40、y live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表小計 劃打算做什么事 情。陳述旬:I mgoing to go to Kongkong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般妣問句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑問句:How are you going to tell him?過 去 將was/were going to +V原形多用在賓語從句中在過去 將會發(fā) 生的動陳述句:I was going to buy a computer
41、.They told me that they來 時作。were not going to go abroad.否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.任何人稱+would +V原形Hesaid he would comein in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day.時 態(tài)名 稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用 法例句現(xiàn)在進行時s/am/are+V-ingnow;at present;at the moment;Look!(放在句首);Listen!( 放在句首);表示現(xiàn) 在(指 說話人 說話時) 止在發(fā) 生的事
42、 情。陳述句:I mwaiting for m) boy friend.He is doing the housework at home now.Weare enjoying ourselves. 否定句:He is not playing toys.TK妣問句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?特殊疑問句:What are you doing now?Where are they having a meal?過 去 進 行 時was/were+V-ingat that time;at this time
43、yesterday;at+時間點 +yesterday/last night;at that moment;過去一 段時間 止在發(fā) 生的動 作。陳述旬:I was doing my homework at that time.We were having a party while he was sleeping.否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o clock last night. TK妣問句:Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑問句:What were you doing at that moment?時 態(tài)名 稱結(jié)構(gòu)常連用
44、的詞主要用 法例句現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時have/has+p.p (過去分詞)already ; just ; before;yet(否定句中);ever; never ; once/twice/ for+ 一段時間;since +時間點;since+ 段時間+ago;by+現(xiàn)在時間;so far; up to now;till now; until now;recently/lately;during/over/in the past/last用來表 示之前 已發(fā)生 或完成 的動作 或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果 的確和 現(xiàn)在肩 聯(lián)系。動 作或狀 態(tài)發(fā)生 在過去 但它的 影響現(xiàn) 在還存 在;也可 表不持 續(xù)到
45、現(xiàn) 在的動 作或狀 態(tài)。簡單 的說,就 是動作 已經(jīng)發(fā) 生對現(xiàn) 在造成 明顯的 影響。陳述旬:I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for nearly 10 years.否定句:I haven t finished my homework.Tim hasn t come yet.We haven t heard any news about himTK妣問句:Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑問句:Howlong have you worke
46、d in this company?特別注意:1. have/has always been+ 名詞/形容詞/介詞:總是或一直是 什么樣了。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America.2. have/has gone to:去了。 He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.3. have/has been to:表示去過 或到過。I have been to Canada. Have you b
47、een to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.過 去 完 成had + p.p(過去分 h)過去的過去:by+過去的時間;表“過去某動作或時 問以前”的時間狀語。動作發(fā) 生在過 去的過 去。陳述句:He said he had told Davy.They told us they had finished the work.He left the office after hehad called Davy.否定句:She hadn t haddinner before she went out.時TK妣問句:Had
48、she learntEnglish before she moved here?特殊疑問句:how many Englishwords had he learnt by the endof last year?補充:一、情態(tài)動詞 can, must, may。may 沒有否定形式。陳述句:I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句:I can t swim at all. You mustn (表示禁止)smoke in the office.般疑問句 :Can you wait a minut
49、e? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑問句:How can I get there? What must I do now?由情態(tài)動詞的過去式構(gòu)成,cancould.She could walk when she was one year old.I could not speak English one year ago.二、各種時態(tài)用法補充:1、一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)在由 after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the mome
50、nt 以及 if,unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例:I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看見他,就把消息告訴他。(2)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,這類動詞有: be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as 等引導的從句中,也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例: Tomorrow at this time w
51、e ll give $500 to any one who brings hitmo justice.2、一般將來時(1)be going to +v 在口語中廣泛使用,表示準備做或即將發(fā)生的事情。例: I m going to buy a house when we ve saved enough money.(2)be to +v 表示計劃安排將要做的事。例: There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.(3)be about to+v 表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例: We are about to start.(4)be due to+v 表示預先確定了
52、的、必定要發(fā)生的事。例: His book is due to be published in October.他的書預定10 月份出版。(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth. 強調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例: The country is on the verge of civil war.這個國家就要打內(nèi)戰(zhàn)了。3、現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,常與always, continually, constantly 等連用(多表示贊揚或厭惡等語氣)。例: John is always coming late. 約翰總是遲到。(2)表示根據(jù)計劃或安
53、排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞,即表示從一個狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個狀態(tài)或位置上去的動詞。常用的有;go, come, leave,start, arrive,return 等。例: They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.他們下個月去香港。(3)有些動詞一般不能使用進行時,這是一類表示“感覺 ”、 “感情 ”、 “存在 ”、 “從屬 ”等的動詞。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感覺的動詞 );hate, love, fear, like, want,wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的動詞 );be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動 詞 ); have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form( 表示占有與從屬
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