(完整word版)英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習和參考答案

1、語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：I主動語態(tài)聿理動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如： Many people speak Chinese.謂語：speak的動作是由主語 many people來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主語 English 是動詞 speak 的承受者。注意：只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1 .被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be+過去分t構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例

2、，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.練習 1 John, you can t go out to play until your homework.A. finishes B. has finished C. is finished D. was finished思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。作業(yè)是由某個人來完成的，因此用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)is finished ,故選擇C。2 We will fly a kite as soon a

3、s your homework.A. finishes B. will be finished C. has finished D. is finished思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。在題干中，your homework作時間狀語從句的主語，因此用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，故選擇D。3. IYour classroom is very clean.Yes, it every day.A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning D. was cleaned思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù) every day

4、可知用一般現(xiàn)在時， 排除C、D選項；由句意 教室每天被打掃”可知為被動語態(tài)，故選擇 Ao4. Your classroom is really bright and clean.It after school every day.A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。由“every day可知教室被打掃是每天都發(fā)生的事，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動形式：am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞，故選擇 A.2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例 All the preparations

5、for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.練習 Do you know Lucy s grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since she in the accident.A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed思路分析：本題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)下半句句意距她在事故中喪

6、生已有一個月左右的時間了”可知是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，排除 C, D;又因為die是非延續(xù)性動詞，不能和一段時間連用，而 dead是延續(xù)性動詞，可以和一段時間連 用，故選擇Ao3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時例 A new cinema is being built here .4) was/were done 一般過去時s easy to go to the city center.D. were built根據(jù)時間狀語 last month (上個月)“build之間為被動關系，用被動語態(tài),例 I was given ten minutes to decide

7、whether I should reject the offer. 練習1. The new bridge last month. Now itA. built B. was built C. has been built思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)?？梢耘袛嘤靡话氵^去時，主語the new bridge與勁詞其結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were +done,故選擇 B。2. My e-mail to you last night.A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. sends思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。last night為過去的時間，排

8、除B,故選才C Co3. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar?Oh, it s me! It when I was five years old.A. was taken B. took C. was taking思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由題干 when I was five years old可 知是一般過去時，故選擇Ao4. Thousands of people after the powerful earthquake happened in Japan on March 11th.A. saved B. was s

9、aved C. were saved D. has saved思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。日本地震發(fā)生在過去，主語又是復數(shù)，排除B選項，故選擇Co5. Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?Yes. Every student about itA. tells B. told C. was told D. has told思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意每個同學都被告知這件事”可知是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故選擇 Co6. China h

10、as offered much help to Japan since it by the earthquake and tsunami (海嘯).A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意自從日本被地震和海嘯襲擊以來中國向它提供了很多幫助”可知是一般過去時的被動形式“was/were動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇Co5) had been done 過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Be

11、ijing.6) was/were being done 過去進行時例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般將來時例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.練習8) Would you like to go to the movie with me? Sorry, I to go out tonight.A. won t be allowed B. am allowed C. don t allow D. will allow思路分析

12、：本題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。be allowed to do sth是被允許做某事”的意思，根據(jù)句意“一你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？一對不起，今晚我不被允許外出?！笨芍帽粍诱Z態(tài)的否定形式，根據(jù)“tonight（今晚）”判斷用一般將來時，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：will not be +done ,故選擇 A。9) The 2010 Asian Sports Meet this November in Guangzhou.Yes. I hope Chinese players will do well.A. will be held B. has been held C. wa

13、s to be held D. would be held思路分析：本題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)?！?01坪亞運會將在11月舉行”是未來要發(fā)生的事，用一般將來時的被動形式will be +動詞的過去分詞，故選擇 Ao8） should/would be done 過去將來時例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July.2

14、.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞十be+過去分詞。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 練習1. Dear Eric, your room is too dirty. It should right now.Sorry. I ll do it now.A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans答案：B思路分析：本題考查的是含有 should的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有 can, may, must等情態(tài) 動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)

15、成是情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇Bo2. Waste paper shouldn t everywhere. It s our duty to keep our classroom clean.A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. be throwing答案：A思路分析：本題考查的是含有 should的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有 can, may, must等情態(tài) 動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇Ao3. Food safety is important. Rules to stop people from food p

16、ollution.A. must make B. must be made C. can t make D. can t be made答案：B思路分析：本題考查的是含有must的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有 can, may, should等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇Bo4. Must we clean the classroom now? No, you neednt. It after school.A. may clean B. must clean C. need be cleaned D. can be cleaned答案：D思路分析：本題考查的是含

17、有 can的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有 must, may, should等情態(tài) 動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是 情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)句意 何以放學后打掃”，可 知選擇D。2）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語 變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3）當 動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)

18、中的主 語，其余不動。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4） 在使役動詞 have, make, get 以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等 后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into t

19、he building.5）有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如 動詞十介詞”，動詞十副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3 .非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態(tài)（一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)）。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被動語態(tài)學習被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使 用被動語態(tài)。1 .講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)

20、行者（這時可省by短語）。例 My bike was stolen last night.2 .借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3 .為了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）三、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型些表示 據(jù)說或 相信的動詞如 believe, consider, ex

21、pect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型 I撲be+過去分詞+that從句”或 主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.:有：It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that 據(jù)報道，It is believed that 大家相彳言，It is hoped that 大家希望，It is well known that 眾所周知，It is thought that 大家認為，It is suggested that 據(jù)建議。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national

22、 exam. （= The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） 四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1 .英語中有很多動詞如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義，主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock .（指門本身有毛

23、?。㏕he door wont be locked.（指不會有人來鎖門,指 門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2 .表示 發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主動形式表示被動意義。例How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3 .系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形

24、式表示被動意義。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.eg:這首歌聽起來很美妙。學生誤用： This song is sounded very beautiful.正確答案： This song sounds very beautiful.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1 .在need, want, require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義， 其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例 The house needs repairing （to be repaired）. 這房子需要修理。2

25、.形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式； 而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading . （= The picture-book is very worthy to be read.）be worth doing sth.值得做某事，sth. needs doing某事需要被做（這兩個句型中，形 式為主動，表達的意義為被動）e.g.舊衣服不值得保存。學生誤用：Old clothes are not worth kept. 正確答案：Old clothes are not worth

26、 keeping.e.g.這輛自行車需要被修理。學生誤用： This bike needs mended.正確答案： This bike needs mending.3 .動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一 名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關系，不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon . （to do 與 things 是動賓關系，與 I 是主 謂關系。）試比較：I ll go to the post office. Do you have aetter to be posted?（此處用不

27、定式的 被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。）一些常用的不及物動詞，因為不及物動詞不能接賓語，故其沒有被動語態(tài)。appear出現(xiàn) disappear消失e.g.她的臉上慢慢地現(xiàn)出了微笑。學生誤用： A smile was appeared on her face slowly.正確答案： A smile appeared on her face slowly.e.g.飛機消失在云層后。學生誤用： The plane was disappeared behind the clouds.正確答案： The plane disappeared behind the clouds.hap

28、pen發(fā)生e.g.這個事故發(fā)生在一天清晨。學生誤用： The accident was happened on a early morning.正確答案： The accident happened on a early morning.die死，死于e.g.他死于一場交通事故中。學生誤用： He was died in a traffic accident.正確答案： He died in a traffic accident.begin/start開始，end結(jié)束e.g.會議將在下午5點開始，8點結(jié)束。學生誤用： The meeting will be begun/started at 5

29、 p.m. and ended at 8 p.m.正確答案： The meeting will begin/start at 5p.m. and end at 8 p.m. arrive 至U達e.g.這封信兩天前就到了。學生誤用： The letter was arrived two days ago.正確答案： The letter arrived two days ago.last持續(xù)e.g.那場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了 5年。學生誤用： That war was lasted for five years.正確答案： That war lasted for five years.fall掉下，落下e

30、.g.他的書掉進了河里。學生誤用： His book was fallen into the river.正確答案： His book fell into the river.cost花費e.g.這件大衣花了多少錢？學生誤用： How much was this coat cost? 正確答案： How much did this coat cost?4 .在某些 形容詞十不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult , important,

31、impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5 .在too-。to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動 意義。例 This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6 .在there be 句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語， 重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例 There is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用

32、 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost, 誰lost time不明確。）7 .在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動，被動表被動。然而，由于古英語的影響，下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應 動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. under+詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 某事在進行中“。常見的有：u

33、nder contro l（受控制），under treatment （在治療中） ,under repair （在修理中） ,under discussion （在討論中） ,under construction （在施工中）。例 The building is under construction（ is being constructed）.2. beyond+詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief（令人難以置信），beyond one s reac瞰長莫及），beyond one s contro玩法控制）， beyond our hope.我們的成功始

34、料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief.3. “above+詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“品質(zhì)、行為、能力等）超過、高于 例 His honest character is above all praise. =His honest character cannot be praised enough”。如：for sale（出售），for rent:（出租）4. “for+g詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 適于、為著 等。 例 That house is for sale.5. “in+g詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print （在印刷中）， in sight（在視野范圍

35、內(nèi)），等。例 The book is not yet in print .6. n+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 在從事 中。常見的有：on sale（出售），on show （展出），on trial （受審）。例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum7. out of珞詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示 超出之外；常見的有：out of control （控制不了），out of sight （超出視線之外），out of one s reOCh著），out of fashion（不流行） 等。例 The plane was out of control.8. “w

36、ithin餡詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，在內(nèi)、不超過 ”。例 He took two days off within the teachers permission.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：1 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)；而被動結(jié)構(gòu)則是表示主語是動作的承受者。試比較：Our building is surrounded with the trees.（系表）The film is usually showed on Sunday.（被動）2 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)不能接由by引導的短語；而被動結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用由by引導的短語引出動作的 執(zhí)行者。試比較：The book is well written.

37、（系表）The book was written by Lu Xun.（被動）（二）使用被動語態(tài)應注意的幾點：1 .帶雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時，只能將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個賓語仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語，則要在間接賓語之前加上介詞to或for,如：We are taught English by her.或 English is taught to us by her.她教我們英語。2 .主動語態(tài)中不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上不定式符號to,如:The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.老板

38、讓他每天工作 12 小時以上。He was made to work over twelve hours a day.3 .短語動詞用于被動語態(tài)時應作為一個整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：The meeting has been put off.會議推遲了。4 .有些及物動詞和及物動詞短語（多表示靜態(tài)”）不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有have,cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with 等。5 .有些不及物動詞以主動形式表示被動意義，常見的有 cut, wash, write , sell等。如：The shirt washes well.襯衫很好

39、洗。1. The streets many times every day. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. are cleaned2. What happened to Martin yesterday?He by a car when he was crossing the road. A. hits B. was hit C. hit D. is hit3. The 30th Olympic Games in London in 2012.A. held B. is hold C. will hold D. will be held4. The stud

40、ents how to do the experiment in class yesterday.A. taught B. were taught C. are taught D. teach5. The music is very loud and it can from a long way away.A. be heard B. is heard C. hear D. heard6. A new supermarket in my hometown next month.A. build B. will be built C. built D. builds7. Mr. Smith ha

41、s a loud voice. His voice can clearly even in that big classroom.A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard8. 一Now computers everywhere. I agree with you. I think they are the most useful inventions in the world.A. are using B. use C. are used D. will use9. The pizza by my mum just now. Would y

42、ou like to have some?Yes, please. A. will be served B. served C. will serve D. was served10. The whole China to tears by Cairen Danzhou （才仁旦舟） ,the youngest volunteerand hero in Yushu, Qinghai Province.A. move B. moves C. is moving D. is moved11. Thousands of Japanese people during the earthquake an

43、d tsunami last month.A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. were killing12. It s -wetiwn that the telephone by Bell in 1876.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented13. The new supermarket two years ago. A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built14. It is true that knowledge instead

44、of being taught.A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned15. How beautiful the library!Yes. It last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is builtD. are takent read it.D. is writingD. was builtin the school hall next week.16. These photos on the Great Wall last week.A. were taken B. took

45、C. take17. Can you read this letter for me?Sorry. It in French. I canA. writes B. wrote C. is written18. Our school 20 years ago.A. built B. builds C. is built19. A talk on the history of the Great WallA. gives B. gave C. will be given D. is given20. 一 Look at the sign on the wall. Oh, smoking here.A. doesn t allowB. didn t alloWC. isn t allowDdwasn t allowed1. D 本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。主語the