國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則之FOB中英對(duì)照

1、FREE ON BOARD 船上交貨FOB (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010 船上交貨（指定裝運(yùn)港）GUIDANCE NOTE 序言This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 該術(shù)語(yǔ)僅適用于海運(yùn)或內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of s

2、hipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. “Free on Board”是指當(dāng)賣方在指定的裝運(yùn)港將貨物運(yùn)至買方指定的船上或取得已按此送交的貨物，即完成交貨。當(dāng)貨物已運(yùn)至船上時(shí)，貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移，買方自那時(shí)起承擔(dān)一切費(fèi)用。The sel

3、ler is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (string sales), particularly common in the commodity trades. 賣方必須將貨物運(yùn)到船上或取得已按此送交準(zhǔn)備發(fā)運(yùn)的貨物。這里的“取得”適合于多層次鏈條式銷售（線性銷

4、售），在商品銷售中尤為普遍。FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such situations, the FCA rule should be used. FOB不適用于貨物在裝船之前移交給承運(yùn)人的情況，比如集裝箱內(nèi)的貨物通常在目的地交付。在這種情況下，應(yīng)使用

5、FCA術(shù)語(yǔ)。FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. FOB要求在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)由賣方負(fù)責(zé)貨物出口清關(guān)。然而，賣方并沒有義務(wù)辦理貨物進(jìn)口清關(guān)、負(fù)擔(dān)任何進(jìn)口關(guān)稅或辦理任何進(jìn)口海關(guān)手續(xù)。A THE SELLER OBLIGATI

6、ONS 賣方義務(wù)A1 General obligations of the seller 賣方基本義務(wù)The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record

7、 or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. 賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規(guī)定的貨物和商業(yè)發(fā)票以及按照合同約定必需的有同等作用的其他任何憑證。以及經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意或根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的電子記錄或程序的憑證。A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities 許可，授權(quán)，安全許可和其他正式手續(xù)Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and e

8、xpense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. 在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，賣方必須承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用獲得任何出口許可或其他官方授權(quán)，辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。 A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance 運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同a) Contract of carriage 運(yùn)輸合同The seller has no obligation to t

9、he buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyers risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decli

10、ne to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer. 賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方訂立運(yùn)輸合同。但若買方要求，或者如果是商業(yè)慣例而買方未適時(shí)給予賣方相反指示，則賣方可按照通常條件訂立運(yùn)輸合同，費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān)。在任何一種情況下，賣方都可以拒絕訂立此合同；如果拒絕，則應(yīng)立即通知買方。b) Contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance.

11、 However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyers request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. 賣方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為買方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。但應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用，賣方必須提供給買方辦理保險(xiǎn)所需的相關(guān)信息。A4 Delivery 交貨The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the ves

12、sel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port. If no specif

13、ic loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose. 賣方必須將在買方指定的裝運(yùn)港，在買方指定的裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)，在約定日期或期限內(nèi)，按照該港習(xí)慣方式將貨物交至買方指定的船上或取得已交運(yùn)的貨物。若買方?jīng)]有指定具體交貨點(diǎn)，那么賣方可選擇指定裝運(yùn)港內(nèi)最適合其目的的交貨點(diǎn)。A5 Transfer of risks 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移The seller bears all risks

14、of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5. 除B5規(guī)定者外，賣方必須承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，直至已按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止。A6 Allocation of costs 費(fèi)用劃分The seller must pay 賣方必須支付：a) all costs relating to the goods until th

15、ey have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export. 除按照B6規(guī)定應(yīng)由買方支付的費(fèi)用外，賣方必須支付與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用，直至已按照A4規(guī)定交貨為止

16、；在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，貨物出口應(yīng)辦理的海關(guān)手續(xù)費(fèi)用及出口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用。A7 Notices to the buyer 通知買方The seller must, at the buyers risk and expense, give the buyer sufficient notice either that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4 or that the vessel has failed to take the goods within the time agreed. 在貨物已按照A4

17、規(guī)定交付或在約定時(shí)間內(nèi)船舶未能接收貨物時(shí)，賣方必須給予買方充分通知，由買方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。A8 Delivery document 交貨憑證The seller must provide the buyer, at the sellers expense, with the usual proof that the goods have been delivered in accordance with A4. Unless such proof is a transport document, the seller must provide assistance to the buyer,

18、at the buyers request, risk and expense, in obtaining a transport document. 賣方必須自擔(dān)費(fèi)用向買方提供證明已按照A4規(guī)定交貨的通常單據(jù)。如果這些憑證不是運(yùn)輸單據(jù)，應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用，賣方必須給予買方協(xié)助以取得運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。A9 Checking packaging marking 查對(duì)、包裝、標(biāo)記The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, co

19、unting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own expense, package the goods, unless it is usual for the particular trade to tra

20、nsport the type of goods sold unpackaged. The seller may package the goods in the manner appropriate for their transport, unless the buyer has notified the seller of specific packaging requirements before the contract of sale is concluded. Packaging is to be marked appropriately. 賣方必須支付按照A4規(guī)定為了將貨物交給

21、買方處置所需進(jìn)行的查對(duì)費(fèi)用（如查對(duì)貨物品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、點(diǎn)數(shù)的費(fèi)用）以及出口國(guó)有關(guān)當(dāng)局在裝運(yùn)前強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)的費(fèi)用。賣方必須自付費(fèi)用包裝貨物，除非按照相關(guān)行業(yè)慣例，所售類型的貨物通常無(wú)需包裝發(fā)運(yùn)。賣方應(yīng)該按照有關(guān)貨物運(yùn)輸所要求的方式包裝貨物，除非買方在訂立合同前已經(jīng)通知賣方特殊的包裝要求。包裝應(yīng)作適當(dāng)標(biāo)記。A10 Assistance with information and related costs 信息協(xié)助及相關(guān)費(fèi)用The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, provide to or render assistance in

22、obtaining for the buyer, at the buyers request, risk and expense, any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges

23、 incurred by the buyer in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as envisaged in B10. 應(yīng)買方要求并由其承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用，在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，賣方必須給予買方一切及時(shí)的協(xié)助，以幫助其取得包括買方為進(jìn)口貨物和/或?yàn)槭关浳镞\(yùn)輸?shù)阶罱K目的地所需的有關(guān)貨物安全信息在內(nèi)的任何憑證和信息。賣方必須償付買方按照B10規(guī)定在賣方獲得相關(guān)憑證和信息時(shí)給予協(xié)助所發(fā)生的費(fèi)用。 B THE BUYER OBLIGATIONS 買方義務(wù)B1 General obliga

24、tions of the buyer 買方基本義務(wù)The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale.買方必須按照銷售合同規(guī)定支付價(jià)款。 Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. 以及經(jīng)當(dāng)事人同意或根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣在B1-B10中提到的任何有同等作用的電子記錄或程序的憑證。B2

25、Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities 許可，授權(quán)，安全許可和其他正式手續(xù)Where applicable, it is up to the buyer to obtain, at its own risk and expense, any import licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods and for their tran

26、sport through any country. 在需要辦理清關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，由買方自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用獲得任何進(jìn)口許可或其他官方授權(quán)，并負(fù)責(zé)辦理貨物進(jìn)口和從他國(guó)過境的一切海關(guān)手續(xù)。B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance 運(yùn)輸合同和保險(xiǎn)合同a) Contract of carriage 運(yùn)輸合同The buyer must contract, at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment, except where the contract of c

27、arriage is made by the seller as provided for in A3 a). 買方必須自付費(fèi)用訂立自指定裝運(yùn)港運(yùn)輸貨物的合同，賣方按照A3 a）訂立了運(yùn)輸合同時(shí)除外。 b) Contract of insurance 保險(xiǎn)合同The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. 買方?jīng)]有義務(wù)為賣方訂立保險(xiǎn)合同。B4 Taking delivery 受領(lǐng)貨物The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have

28、 been delivered as envisaged in A4. 買方必須在賣方按照A4規(guī)定交貨時(shí)，受領(lǐng)貨物。B5 Transfer of risks 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered as envisaged in A4. 買方必須承擔(dān)自按照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；If a) the buyer fails to notify the nomination of a vessel in accor

29、dance with B7; or 如果買方未按照B7規(guī)定就指定的船只給予賣方相應(yīng)通知；b) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time to enable the seller to comply with A4, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7; then, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage

30、 to the goods: (i) from the agreed date, or in the absence of an agreed date, (ii) from the date notified by the seller under A7 within the agreed period, or, if no such date has been notified, (iii) from the expiry date of any agreed period for delivery, provided that the goods have been clearly id

31、entified as the contract goods. 或當(dāng)自約定的交貨日期或并未約定日期；自買方按照A7規(guī)定指定的約定期限內(nèi)的日期起或買方并未指定該日期；或自交貨期限屆滿之日起（但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限），買方指定的船只未能按時(shí)到達(dá)致使賣方未能按照A4規(guī)定交貨，或未能接收貨物或較按照B7通知的時(shí)間提早停止運(yùn)輸貨物，買方承擔(dān)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。B6 Allocation of costs 費(fèi)用劃分The buyer must pay 買方必須支付：a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have bee

32、n delivered as envisaged in A4, except, where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 b); 自按照A4規(guī)定交貨之時(shí)起與貨物有關(guān)的一切費(fèi)用，以及在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，貨物出口所需辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用和按照A6 b)規(guī)定在貨物出口時(shí)應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用b) any addit

33、ional costs incurred, either because: (i) the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7, or (ii) the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time, is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided that the

34、 goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and 在買方未能按照B7規(guī)定給予賣方適當(dāng)通知，或買方指定的船只未能按時(shí)到達(dá)，或未能接收貨物，或較按照B7通知的時(shí)間提早停止運(yùn)輸貨物時(shí)，買方應(yīng)承擔(dān)所發(fā)生的一切額外費(fèi)用，但以該項(xiàng)貨物已正式劃歸合同項(xiàng)下為限。c) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges, as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of t

35、he goods and the costs for their transport through any country. 在需要辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)時(shí)，貨物進(jìn)口應(yīng)交納的一切關(guān)稅、稅款和其他費(fèi)用，以及辦理海關(guān)手續(xù)的費(fèi)用和從他國(guó)過境的費(fèi)用。B7 Notices to the seller 通知賣方The buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point and, where necessary, the selected delivery time within the agreed period. 買方必須就指定船只名稱、裝運(yùn)點(diǎn)和必要時(shí)約定期限內(nèi)的指定交貨時(shí)間給予賣方充分通知。B8 Proof of delivery 交貨證明The buyer must a