語法趴雅思特供100長難句分析

1、目錄：【烤鴨長難句分析】1-5【烤鴨長難句分析】6-10【烤鴨長難句分析】11-15【烤鴨長難句分析】16-20【烤鴨長難句分析】21-25【烤鴨長難句分析】26-30【烤鴨長難句分析】31-35【烤鴨長難句分析】36-40【烤鴨長難句分析】41-45【烤鴨長難句分析】46-501. 【烤鴨長難句分析】1-5雅思閱讀長難句分析： 1and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they hav

2、e to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 2whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 3how well the predictions will be validated by l

3、ater performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 4there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research technique

4、s appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 5furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all ki

5、nds.-1-5-：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.要點：句子的框架是 and it is imagined that, and that 。這是典型的句型it + is + p. p. （過去分詞）+ that clause。it是形式主語，句子真正的主語是兩個并列的t

6、hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句，由連詞and 連接。operation 此處不能譯成“操作”，根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)譯成“活動”，這里的processes 要譯成“思維過程”，而不能簡單地理解成“過程”。譯文：許多人認為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。：whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of whic

7、h is seen as the driving force.要點：句子的框架是whether or often depends on 。whether or 引導(dǎo)了主語從句作句子的主語，financing 這里根據(jù)上下文要譯成“經(jīng)費投入”；介詞結(jié)構(gòu) of which is seen as the driving force 是賓語 the issue 的后置定語，of 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中又包含了which 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句。譯文：究竟是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動的力量：how well the predictions will be

8、validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.要點：句子的框架是 how depends on and on 。句子的主語由how引導(dǎo)的主語從句擔任；謂語動詞詞組depends on后面跟了兩個由and連接的并列賓語，在第二個賓語中，介詞with + which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the skill

9、 and wisdom。譯文：這些在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智：there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.要點：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether

10、or 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面緊跟了由whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句作同位語；在同位語從句中，謂語動詞短語refers to跟了兩個由連詞or連接的并列賓語：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一個賓語中，形容詞詞組peculiar to historical work和介詞詞組in genera

11、l作后置定語修飾the concepts；在第二個賓語中同樣有形容詞詞組appropriate to of historical inquiry作后置定語修飾the research techniques。譯文：所謂方法論是指一般的，人們對此意見不一。中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究：furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and t

12、hat this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.要點：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that, and that 。這是典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是由連詞and連接的兩個并列的主語從句：a. that the strength is bound with; b. and that this rests upon the efforts 。第一個主語從句中的詞組be

13、 bound up with是“與有關(guān)聯(lián)”之意；在第二個主語從句中，代詞this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，譯為“效率的提高”。譯文：再者，顯而易見的是一個的實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技的努力2. 【烤鴨長難句分析】6-10雅思閱讀長難句分析： 6what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.雅思閱讀長難句

14、分析： 7there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 8it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually bein

15、g lubricated by the injection of the fluid.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 9it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 10there are strong grounds for

16、thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.-6-10-：what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.要點：句子的框架是what is the hormone mela

17、tonin which is 。what引導(dǎo)了一個主語從句，而謂語部分中由which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語從句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是“時差綜合癥”，blues不能譯成“”，而是“憂郁”之意。譯文：能解除時差綜合癥和冬季憂郁癥的關(guān)鍵是節(jié)奏。褪黑激們知道這種激素能夠調(diào)節(jié)：there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than

18、 even the baby boom at its peak.要點：句子的框架是there are kids , and demographers predict that 。這是一個并列復(fù)合句，在第二個并列分句中，謂語動詞predict后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在that賓語從句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位語。譯文：12歲至19歲組的孩子目前有3100萬，人口學(xué)家，到2010年他們將達到3500萬，比二戰(zhàn)后期出生的孩子還多：it seemed almost

19、 unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.要點：句子的框架是it seemed but what was that 。句子由but連接的兩個并列分句：a. itseemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that 在第二個分句中，what引導(dǎo)了主語從句擔任主語，that引導(dǎo)了表語從句。這里inject

20、ion不能譯成“注射”，根據(jù)上下文要譯成“注入”。譯文：地球內(nèi)的斷層正在被人們注入的液體所潤滑，這幾乎是難以令人相信的，但是這確實正在發(fā)生。：it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.要點：句子的框架是it is surprising

21、that education system have been criticized, on the ground that 。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，而主語從句又包含了that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介詞詞組on the ground 中g(shù)round的同位語，ground這里的意思是“根據(jù)”。譯文：那么教育體制在過去幾十年中受到嚴厲的批評，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評者的部分根據(jù)是，這種教育培養(yǎng)人們在一種已過時的中生存。：ther

22、e are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要點：句子的框架是there are grounds for thinking that the health derives from what , rather than what。介詞結(jié)構(gòu)for thinking 中包含了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作分詞t

23、hinking的賓語；而這個賓語從句中又包含了兩個并列的介詞賓語從句：a. what were able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 兩個賓語從句由rather than連接。譯文：至于個人和生活取得多少。的健康可以以這樣的理由來衡量，我們對生活能夠付出多少而不是我們能向3. 【烤鴨長難句分析】11-15雅思閱讀長難句分析： 11it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportuniti

24、es, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 12experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math conce

25、pts.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 13the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering雅思閱讀長難句分析： 14a religious sect that contends that

26、space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 15yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists h

27、ad devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.-11-15-：it therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.要點：句子的框架是it becomes that, if , there will have to be。it是形

28、式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句是句子的真正主語，在that從句中，if引導(dǎo)了條件狀語從句。譯文：因此，如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們（上大學(xué)）的機會，就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息，做的指導(dǎo)。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。：experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understa

29、nd math concepts.要點：句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should , or encourage。句子的主語部分是experts are debating ，而whether or 引導(dǎo)了賓語從句作謂語動詞are debating的賓語。其中burden with是“使背上負擔”之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，兩個

30、并列的不定式短語to relieve of 和to freeto understand 作目的狀語。另外，詞組relieve somebody of something指“減輕”。譯文：我們應(yīng)該用心算來增加孩子們的負擔，還是應(yīng)該鼓勵他們使用計算器來減輕其繁重的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，使他們不再費神去理解（抽象的）數(shù)學(xué)概念，們對此尚未達成一致。：the announcement by boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called the sonic cruiser brings

31、an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospace engineering.要點：句子的框架是the announcement that is has decided brings an end to 。主語the announcement后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在that從句中，動詞不定式短語to build called the sonic cruiser作plan的后置定語，而不定式短語中的過去分詞短語called the sonic cruiser

32、作plane的后置定語；破折號之后的and some say是語。譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飛機的計劃，這一決定使近年來航 空工程中最富想象力還有人稱純屬空想的計劃落了空。：a religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidenc

33、e to support the claim.要點：句子的框架是a religious sect declared that , but it offered。這個句子中，由but連接了兩個并列分句。在前一個分句中，由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that contends that by cloning themselves修飾先行詞a religious sect，而定語從句中又包含了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞contends的賓語。譯文：一個宣稱人類是由外星人克隆而成的談及過多細節(jié)，也沒有提供任何證據(jù)。組織于五宣布第一個克隆人已出生，但它沒有：yet no such effect had be

34、en detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.要點：定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是簡單的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯成前置的定語詞組。譯文：然而在任何物理學(xué)家所進行過的精細巧妙的實驗中，都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速沒有變化。4. 【烤鴨長難句分析】16-20雅思閱讀長難句分析：if the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the

35、average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light雅思閱讀長難句分析：but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.雅思閱讀長難句分析：as brighter areas of the

36、image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.雅思閱讀長難句分析：to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective

37、weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.雅思閱讀長難句分析：at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.-16-20-：if the probe takes, say

38、, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light.譯文：如果探測體需要，比如說，100年時間來生成均速度大約為光速的1/25的副體，那么所有探測體傳遍整個星系的平：17. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is p

39、icked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.要點：在限制性定語從句中有一個固定短語rather than，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復(fù)雜的帶“的”的定語從句。譯文：但是，這樣的問題主要局限于從第三軌而不是從高架線得到電力的那些鐵路上。：18. as brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying de

40、grees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured. 要點：在這句的定語從句中，有現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，及過去分詞作后置定語，翻譯成前置的定語詞組會生澀拗口。因此，將從句與主句翻譯，單獨成句。譯文：因為圖像的較明亮的部分比的部分或者陰影部分發(fā)射的電子，所以產(chǎn)生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強度成倍增強。：to kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several year

41、s, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.要點：這是一個典型的將定語從句譯為前置的并列分句的例子。譯文：在最初的幾年里，雜草可能在農(nóng)作物之間繁茂地蔓生，為了消滅這些雜草，需要有效的除草劑，發(fā)揮與耕地同樣的消滅雜草的作用。：at a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the ext

42、ent of the operations and the staff of which he is in command.要點：在本句的翻譯中基本上看不出原句中定語從句of which he is in command的痕跡。定語從句完全融入漢語翻譯中。譯文：在大的鐵路終點站，站長的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車站運營范圍廣、。多5. 【烤鴨長難句分析】21-25雅思閱讀長難句分析： 21attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which ai

43、r currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 22although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 23one

44、 is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 24rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion雅思閱讀長難句分析： 25congress, which had met to continue its washington as its commander in chief.s

45、to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting george-21-25-：attending services at the cathedral of pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.要點：定語從句被翻譯為后置的并列分句，用人稱代詞“它”代替先行詞“吊架燈”。譯文：一次在比薩大教堂做禮拜時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)正一個吊燈架，它隨著氣流時而劃

46、一個大弧，時而劃一個小弧。：although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.譯文：雖然愛因斯坦門門功課都很優(yōu)異，數(shù)學(xué)尤為突出，但他很討厭上這所慕尼黑的中學(xué)。在這所學(xué)校里取決于死機硬背和對專職權(quán)威的服從。：one is

47、 the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.要點：本句在非限制性定語從句里又包含一個限制性定語從句，為了符合漢語表達習(xí)慣， 個定語從句都譯為后置的并列分句。譯文：一個例子就是太陽的邊緣，這是一個氣狀的表面，可見光的光子從中源源涌出。兩：rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.要點：在語義上，定語從

48、句與主句的關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，因此定語從句譯為狀語從句。譯文：火箭在太空中運行最佳，因為在那兒不存在阻礙他們運動的大氣。：congress, which had met to continue its washington as its commander in chief.s to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting george要點：定語從句與先行詞融合起來，翻譯成時間狀語從句。譯文：為總司令了。先前已決定繼續(xù)向英皇提，而現(xiàn)在則發(fā)展到招募兵員并推選喬治6. 【烤鴨長難句分析】26-30雅思閱讀長難句分析： 26this f

49、ood supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 27other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific r

50、esearch, save at the educational level.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 28in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 29medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able

51、 to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.雅思閱讀長難句分析： 30behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an envioronment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacit

52、y for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.-26-30-：this food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producting and marketing food.要點：句子的框架是the food supply will not increase. to match this,

53、 which means that we are heading into a crisis .。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。其先行詞是前面一整句。翻譯時譯成另一個分句。在這個從句中又包含了一個由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作means的賓語。指示代詞this在這兒指代上文的人口增長。譯文：食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正陷入。：other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to publi

54、c support of scientific research, save at the educational level.要點：句子的框架是other issues that concern .，are not easily linked to.，save at.。這是一個含有 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的長主句，other issues是主語，也是先行詞。such as引導(dǎo)并列成分。謂語是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在這個句子中相當于“except”，意為“除了?！?。body poli

55、tic可譯為“”。譯文：除了在教育層次上，其他一些與持的科研相提并論。關(guān)的問題，如、貧窮和福利都難以與公共支：in the greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.要點：句子的框架是in the greek heritage., myth has always been., which signified.。關(guān)系代詞

56、which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾reason。在這個句子中，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句兼有狀語從句的功能，翻譯時可視作狀語從句翻譯。reason在此句中不譯為“、理由”，應(yīng)譯為“理性”。譯文：在西方希臘遺產(chǎn)中，神話與理性始終處于緊張理、符合實際的分析和描述狀態(tài)，因為理性意味著對現(xiàn)實進行合情合：medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate "rule of evidence" and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.要點：句子的框架是medicine, like all.,