英語語法學(xué)習(xí)-定語從句---關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1、英語語法學(xué)習(xí) -定語從句 -關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句英語語法學(xué)習(xí) -定語從句 -關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞, 并在句中充當(dāng)主語、 賓語、 定 語等成分。 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時, 從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行 詞保持一致。1 who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。(w

2、hom/that在從句中作賓語2 Whose 用來指人或物, (只用作定語 , 若指物, 它還可以同 ofwhich 互換 , 例 如:They rushed over to help the man whose carhad broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose (of whichcover is green. 請遞給我那本 綠皮的書。3 which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞, 在從句中可作主語、 賓語等, 例 如:A prosperity which / that had never been

3、seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/ that在句中作賓語The package (which / that you are carryingis about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。 (which / that在句中作賓語定語從句1. 限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別a 非限定性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,朗讀時先行詞部分一般用降調(diào)并稍做 停頓,書寫的時候多半用逗號分開。b 非限定性定語從句能夠修飾整個句子,限定性定語從句則不能。c 非限定性定語從句與限定性定語從句的含

4、義不一樣,限定性定語從句是確指,而非 限定性定語從句是泛指。d 先行詞為專有名詞或者具有特指對象的名詞時,一般要用到非限制性定語從句。e 在非限定性定語從句中,現(xiàn)行詞指人的時候,關(guān)系代詞只能是 who,whom ,不能用 that ;先行詞指物的時候,關(guān)系代詞只能用 which, 不能用 that 。2. 各種關(guān)系代詞的使用方法a 關(guān)系代詞 who 的用法i. who 的前行詞必須是人,在從句中可以擔(dān)任主語,往往也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓 語的 whom, 但是它前邊不能有介詞,如果帶了介詞就必須用賓格的 whom:(介詞 +whomThis is the teacher who teaches

5、 us mathematics.She is the girl who (whom I met at the party.(可以替代She is the girl whom (who I went there with.(可以替代She is the girl with whom I went there.(不可替代ii. who, that 在很多情況下可以通用,但是有些情況只能用 who:1. 先行詞是 one, ones, anyone的時候宜用 who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The

6、 ones who flatter me dont please me.Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.2. 先行詞為 those 的時候,宜用 who 為關(guān)系代詞Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothesmade of the magic cloth.Those who want to g

7、o to the Great Wall sign up here.3. 當(dāng)先行詞有比較長的后置定語的時候I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions inChinese.4. 一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為 that, 另一個則用 who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.5. 在 there be 開頭的句子中There is an old man who w

8、ants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.b 關(guān)系代詞 whose 的用法whose 是代詞的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。當(dāng)代物的時候,它相當(dāng)于 of which. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Ill call a person whose father knows you.Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of which you knowPlease show me

9、the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book thecover of which is redc 關(guān)系代詞 that 的用法首先特別注意, that 只能用在限定性定語從句中,在非限定性定語從句中永遠(yuǎn)不能選用 that, 另外介詞后邊也不可用 that, 而是跟 which.在限定性定語從句中, which 和 that 在代替物的時候,一般可以通用。The money that (which is in the wallet is mine.有些情況下,只宜用 that, 而不宜用 whichi. 先行詞是最高級形容詞或者它前面有

10、最高級形容詞的時候This is the best that has been used against pollution.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during theseyears.ii. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或者它前面有一個序數(shù)詞的時候He is the last person (that I want to see.It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen.iii. 主句已有疑問詞 who 或者 which 的時候W

11、hich is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praixed at the meeting?iv. 先行詞既有人又有物,宜用 thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the policestation.v. 先行詞是 all, much, little, something,everything, any

12、thing, nothing,none, the one等不定代詞時You should hand in all that you have.We havent got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.vi. 先行詞前面 Only, any, few, little, no, all,one of, the same, the very 等詞修飾的時候The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is

13、 the only one that wants to be a teacher.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.vii. 有兩個定語從句,其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用 which, 另外一個宜用 that.Edison built up a factory which producedthings that had never been seenbefore.d 關(guān)系代詞 which 的用法在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用 which, 不宜用 that.Beijing, which is the

14、capital of China, is avery beautiful city.在限定性定語從句中 which 和 that 在指代物的時候常?？梢酝ㄓ?但是有時只宜用 which 而不用 thati. 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞的時候This is the hotel in which you will stay.ii. 如果有兩個定語從句,其中的一句的關(guān)系詞是 that, 另一句宜用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newlyopen to us.3. 關(guān)系代詞與介詞,關(guān)系代詞

15、的省略a 關(guān)系代詞和介詞介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞短語只能用 which 代物,和用 whom 代人This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.當(dāng)介詞放在句子的末尾時,可用 that/which代物, that/whom/who來作為介詞的賓語, 且這個做介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往忽略This is the hero that (who/whom/忽略 we are proud of.b 關(guān)系代詞的省略首先注意只有限定性定語從句才能省略,非限定性

16、定語從句絕對不能省略。 在下列情況下,可以省略關(guān)系代詞。i. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞賓語的時候The people (who we met at the party were very friendly to us.ii. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞,而介詞在句尾時Here is the man (that you have been looking for.iii. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時Shang Hai is no longer the city (that it used to be.iv. 在 there be句型中,和先行詞為 way 時,關(guān)系代詞總是省略There is an old man (who wants to see you.I dont like the way (that you talk to somebody else.注意,有些動詞 +介詞所組成的短語動詞,關(guān)系非常緊密,介詞不能前置