英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)

1、英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)一. 簡單句：英語基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有：1. 表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2. 表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain, stay, keep, con ti nue, sta nd;3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;eg: Our En glish teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes

2、delicious.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Deep water stays still.He was at work.She is in good health.It is bey ond my ability.I was at a loss.You are un der arrest.英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。如: The sun rises.Tom has already left.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。如:1. The red sun rises in th

3、e east.2. They had to travel by air or boat.3. She sat there alone.4. He came back whe n we were eati ng.5. Weak buildi ngs will fall dow n in an earthquake 。英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù) 雜。如: 1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. I don ' t know if he can come tomorrow.3. They

4、 haven ' t decided where to go next.4. She stopped teachi ng En glish two years ago.英語基本句型-4雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由 主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。女口： He bringsme cookies every day.to 或 for。如： He brings但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向

5、著，對(duì)著某人。 用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助 to 的） bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send,show, teach, tell, write, ask 等；（需借助 for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。英語基本句型-5復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：此結(jié)構(gòu)由 主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語補(bǔ)足語用來補(bǔ)充和 說明賓語的性質(zhì)和特

6、點(diǎn)，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞， 副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。女口：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.They made Tom mon itor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.My mother asked me to clea n my room.The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是

7、英語常用的句 型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語 +謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如：I found it very pleasa nt to be with your family.也可以說I found it was pleasa nt to be with your family.它們的區(qū)別在于第一個(gè)是簡單句第二個(gè)是復(fù)合句，意思都是一樣的。英語基本句型-6There be句型：此句型是由“thEE+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。它其實(shí)是全倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。此句型有時(shí)不用 be 動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, com

8、e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。如：There sta nds a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be; -there is /are going to be.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have bee n可能有 there might

9、be.肯定有 there must b e /there must have been.過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happe n/happe ns/happe ned to be Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.The weatherma n says there' ll be a strongwind in the after noon.There used to be a cin ema h

10、ere before the war.二. 并列句。結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 由分號(hào)連接。eg. Some people cry; others laugh.Let' s start early; we have a long way to go.2. 由并列連詞及詞組連接 and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for/both and /not onlybut also /as well as/or else/ either or /neither nor /not 等ut eg: I '

11、 d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.I ' ve got a cold, so I ' m going to bed.Both my father and mother are teachers.It ' s very good, yet I dont'. t like i三、復(fù)合句構(gòu)成：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局 的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的，引導(dǎo)詞起連 接主句和從句的作用。分類：名詞性從句（主語從句、表語

12、從句、賓語從句和同位語從句），形容詞性從句（定語從句）， 副詞性從句（狀語從句）。1. 主語從句（Subject Clause）一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)主語，那么這個(gè)句子就是主語從句.1）常規(guī)主語從句，句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whether we will go for an outi ng tomorrow rema ins unknown.Who will be our mon itor has n't bee n decid

13、ed yet.Whom we must study for is a questi on of great importa nee.What caused the accide nt rema ins unknown.Whatever you did is right.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What we n eed is time.小結(jié):（1） 引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever 等（2）連詞位于句首不能省略（3）主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三人稱單數(shù)。注意：為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置

14、，真正主語擱置于句末It is certa in that he will win the match.It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.It is stra nge that he should do that.It is said that he has gone to sha nghai.(=He is said to have gone to sha nghai)It is known to all that the gun powder was first inven ted by

15、the Chin ese.It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)It happe ned that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happe ned to be there)小結(jié)：(1) 以that引出的主語從句，常以形式主語it引導(dǎo).It is +形容詞/名詞/某些動(dòng)詞ed + that從句.(2) 在有些that從句

16、中要用虛擬語氣 (should+do/should+have done)2. 表語從句定義：表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。The problem is puzzli ng.主語連系動(dòng)詞形容詞作表語The problem is whe n we can get a pay rise.主語連系動(dòng)詞一個(gè)句子作表語-表語從句whether,how.連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, whe n, where, which, why,He has become a teacher.He has become what he wan ted to be ten years ago.

17、She has rema ined there for an hour.She has rema ined where I stood yesterday for an hour.His suggestio n is good.His suggestio n is that we should stay calm.The questi on is confusing.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Why he cried yesterday.

18、How I can persuade her to join us in the party.注意：1. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2. 不用if,而用whether連接表語從句(as if例外)。False: The questio n is if the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: The questi on is wheth

19、er the en emy is march ing towards us.Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questi on.3. 像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.4. that在表語從句中不能省掉。3. 賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句構(gòu)成:帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句

20、就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)， what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.He suggested (that) we should clea n the corridor every day.賓語He told me (that) he would leave Dalia n airport at 8pm.間接賓語直接賓語He told me where he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語直接賓語He told that he would

21、 go to the college the n ext year.I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?I don ' t know whom you should depend on.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.Have you determ ined whichever you should

22、 buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you read the new book?None of us knows where these can be bought.注意：1. 用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句that 動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將賓語從句后置.I think it n ecessary that we

23、 take ple nty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I havenn to th e)eiet-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it這類動(dòng)詞主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it whe n they wi

24、th their mouths full of food.He will have it that our pla n is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.2. 介詞的賓語從句We are talk ing about whether we admit stude nts into our club.The new book is about how Shen zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.有時(shí)候except,but,besides 三個(gè)介詞后可見到

25、 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new n eighbor except that he used to work with a compa ny.3. 形容詞的賓語從句常用來弓丨導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure, certa in, glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see h

26、im whe n he was ill.4. if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.I can ' t decide whether to stay.避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.5. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I don ' t think he will

27、 come to my party. 而不能說成 I think he won ' t come to my party.I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he?6. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)I only knew

28、 he was studying in a western country,but I didn' t know what country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.He told me that he had told Mary about the meet ing already.The reporter asked if the gover nment would take n ecessary measures to put dow n the to-do.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，那么從句的時(shí)候不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí)，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin g