(完整)初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法講解

1、初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法講解(一) 語(yǔ)態(tài)分類英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用被”、給”、曲”、受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。(二) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí):was/were+do

2、ne一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will+bedone一般過去將來(lái)時(shí)：should/would+bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+been+done過去完成時(shí):had+been+done將來(lái)完成時(shí)：shall/will+havebeen+done過去將來(lái)完成時(shí):should/would+havebeen+done注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。(三) 常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1) Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Ri

3、ceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2) Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2. 一般過去時(shí)：(1) Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2) Thestudentsdidn'tforgethisle

4、ssonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：(1) Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2) Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4. 過去將來(lái)時(shí)：(1) Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbec

5、ompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2) Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1) TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2) Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1) Thewo

6、rkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2) Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1) Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2) Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8. 過去完成時(shí)：(1)

7、 WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2) Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由倩態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1) Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompo

8、sitionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2) Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(五) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。"Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.Thecupwasbr

9、okenbyPaul.3. 當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替by短語(yǔ)。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1) Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)tIwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(2) Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.tAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

10、的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地名詞作狀語(yǔ)。(七) 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in+地點(diǎn)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯(cuò)誤)2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其

11、中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1) Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.

12、(2) Mybikewaslenttoher.2. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1) Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2) Themeatwascookedforus.(3) Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3. 由動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞，女口：agreeto,a

13、skfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。(1) Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2) Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：如:bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。(1) Hisrequestwasturneddown.

14、(2) Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1) Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.tTheclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2) Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.tWeweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等

15、動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to,但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to,這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.tHeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredb

16、yanybody.6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7. 以who為主語(yǔ)開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤:Whowast

17、hestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8. 有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1) Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2) Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidntcookwell.

18、(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動(dòng)句)9. 下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1) Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2) Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3) Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，

19、謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：(1) Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.(2) Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasb

20、rokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：Itaughtmy

21、selfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.10. 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：據(jù)說Itissaidthat據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)Itisreportedthat據(jù)推測(cè)Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat眾所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍認(rèn)為Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建議Itissuggestedthat-(1) Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2)

22、ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)題()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftens

23、ung()4.ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5.Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouseatth

24、ecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.ThekeyonthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11.Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpubli

25、shed()12.Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybem

26、ended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16.thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18.Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'the

27、ld()19.Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20.Wheretheseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21.Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23.ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.c

28、anbemend()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25.TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26.TheoldstonebridgenextweekA.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebui

29、ld()27.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28.ThepotforhotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow)30.Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebui

30、ltD.wasbuilt)31.WetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweatherA.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung)32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing)33.TheteapotwaterA.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled)34.Oldpeoplemustbelooke

31、dafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento)35.Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafter)36.Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare)37.Theywereatthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightened)38.Thesewallsstone.A.

32、aremadeofB.madeof)39.JaneA.called)40.ThepapersA.wereshown)41.ThecoatA.madeto)42.IC.frightenC.aremadeintotosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.B.wasaskedtothem.B.showhersister.B.weremadeforC.wasmadeforC.toldC.shownfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.C.hadgivenA.gaveB.wasgiving)43.Goodcaresuchthings

33、.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetaken)44.Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;of(A.todoD.belookedafterwellD.frightensD.madeintoD.wassaidD.haveshownD.wasmadetoD.wasgivenC.shouldbetakingC.take;foryou)45.Theteachermadehimhishomework.B.doC.didD.shouldbetakenofD.betaken;ofyouD.done()46.Theboy_streetswithoutpayint

34、heolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47.Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48.Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49.Thebike500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50.Theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51.GreatchangesinthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53.Greatchangesinourcountryduringthep