中考英語情態(tài)動詞專題講解與練習(xí)

1、中考英語-情態(tài)動詞專題講解及練習(xí)情態(tài)動詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動詞一樣，需要及其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后必須跟動詞原形?？键c一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”，尤其是生來具備的能力。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。（2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時cant譯為“

2、不可能”。如：Can it be our teacher?那個人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢。2. could的用法：（1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時就會寫詩。（2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favor? 你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your

3、 pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示請求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？You may go home now.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。 (2) .表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢. (3) .may的過去式為might，表示推測時?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。如：He is away from school. He might be s

4、ick.他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可譯為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。（2）對must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答neednt或dont have to .如：Must I hand in my homework right now?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)

5、嗎？No,you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句。mustn't表示“禁止，不允許”如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，意為“沒有必要，不必”。如：Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒嗎？ Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to.不，你不必。(2).need還可以作實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，如果是

6、人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now.我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個女孩。如果是物作主語，一般用need doing及need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點：.主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義；.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇門需要油漆一下。need的用法的助記口訣：實義動詞表“需要”，后接名、代、不

7、定式。need后接動名詞，主動形式表被動。情態(tài)動詞表“需要”，沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。其后直接加動原，多用疑問及否定。7. shall的用法：shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk?我們出去散步好嗎？在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。(1).用“Let's do.”來提出建議。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”來提出建議；about后接名詞或動詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a d

8、rink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”來提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接動詞原形。“Why not.?”實際上是“Why don't you/we.?”的簡略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”Would you like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup o

9、f tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎?”英語中可有這樣幾種表達法：Shall we go for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?8. should的用法：（1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如

10、：We should protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護環(huán)境。（2） Should have done表示對過去動作的責(zé)備、批評。如：You should have finished your homework.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實上你沒有完成。） (3)be supposed to do=should do, ought to 可以代替should,語氣更強烈些。9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就會幫你。注意：1、

11、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。there be句型的一般將來時的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be（is going to be） a sports meeting next week.一定不能說：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will及be going to區(qū)別：. be g

12、oing to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. be going to含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.

13、 He will be here in half an hour.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.10. had better的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not+動原。如：We had better go now.我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。Youd better not give the book to him.你最好不要把這本書給他?？键c二：含

14、有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的回答:1. 對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. No, you cant.2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No,dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種： Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.

15、5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.考點三:不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會”，如：I cant play basketball.我不會打籃球。（2）當(dāng)句子表推測時，用cant表達不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。（3）cant還可用來回答“ May I ? ”這樣的問

16、句。如：May I come in ? 我可以進來嗎？No, you cant.不，你不能。（4）cant還可用于固定習(xí)語中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做如：She cant help crying.她禁不住大哭起來。The children cant wait to open the box.孩子們迫不及待地想打開盒子。2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.他也許不在家。3.mustn't 不表示推測，而表示禁止。意義為“禁止，不允許” -

17、 May I park my car here? -No,you mustnt.考點四:情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到，因為它們離我們太遠(yuǎn)了?？键c五:情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推

18、測。1、can表示推測時一般用于否定句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husband. She is still single.Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?2、 must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.3、 might表示推測時不一定是may的過去時，只是表示其可能性較may小。如：Where is M

19、r Li? He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come? He might not come here.4、 must,may,might/could都可以在肯定句中表“可能”。其中must的語氣最強，可能性最大，其余依次遞減;否定句用cant. 【情態(tài)動詞易混點歸納】易混點一: can和be able to:兩者表示能力時用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費了時間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak

20、 English.吉姆不會說英語。He could speak English at 5.他五歲時就會說英語。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。He has been able to drive.他已經(jīng)會開車了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午到達山頂。易混點二:can和may1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使

21、用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can和may表示可能性時的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問句，否定句中用can，cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混點三: may be和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動詞，be為動詞原形 句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句

22、首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不確定。Maybe he is wrong.情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)題 ( )1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 2. Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not( ) 3. Can you go swimmin

23、g with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to( ) 4. May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock. A. can B. may C. must D. need( ) 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish

24、_ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw( ) 6. May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt( ) 7. Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. would D. must( ) 8. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? -No, it _ be him. Mr Li is much taller.A. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 9. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here. A. cant take B.