初一英語語法總結(jié)

1、初一英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的，但語法中常會有一些知識點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小，容易被忽視，但這些知識點(diǎn)掌握不熟練，往往會造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)初一英語語法時(shí)，要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。下面從幾個方面，總結(jié)出了初一英語語法，如果要復(fù)習(xí)英語句法的同學(xué)，可以參考一下，一、初一英語語法詞法今天講的內(nèi)容1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）

2、x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加

3、es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察

4、局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 orange

5、s橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有

6、格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day婦女節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容

7、詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，

8、如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做

9、什么事時(shí)，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字

10、母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest

11、, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mos

12、t friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, thi

13、rd; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)e) Theres a computer

14、on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be lat

15、e. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e)

16、 No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My

17、e-mail address is cindyjones. 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? Th

18、ey are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some brocco

19、li, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英語語法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)