高考英語語法講解及練習題

1、高考英語語法專題復習一、冠詞The Article知識要點：冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article ）和定冠詞（The definite Article ）兩種。a （an） 是不定冠詞， a 用在輔音之前：如a book, a man; an 用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。 the 是定冠詞。一、不定冠詞的用法1、指人或事物的某一種類（泛指）。這是不定冠詞a （an） 的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. P

2、lease pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強烈。如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定詞組中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, ha

3、ve a good time, for a while, for a long time等。5、用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹a + 抽象名詞，起具體化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents.這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you.跟您交談真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.參加這個會，對我來說是一種榮譽。二、定冠詞的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。這是定冠詞the 的基本用法。如：Beijing is t

4、he capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacherOpen the window, please.3、指上文提過的人或事物（第二次出現(xiàn)）。如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前

5、。（副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些專有名詞前（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children s Palace, the Party等。7、用在一些習慣用語中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the d

6、ay before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在報刊、雜志前。如：the People s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today.布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容詞前，表某一類人。如：the poor, the

7、wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞)：1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如：Go down this street.3、復數(shù)名詞

8、表示一類人或事物時。如：We are students.I like reading stories.4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：Teachers Day, Children s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Year s Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Women s Day.5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前，尤其作表語、賓補時。如：What s the matter, GrannyWe elected him monitor.6、在某些習慣用語中的名詞前。如：at noon, at nig

9、ht, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school

10、.8、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.【專項訓練】：1、We can t live withoutair.A. anB. xC. theD. some2、3、4、5、6、7、8、Have you seen pen I left it here this morning.Is it black one I think I saw it somewhere.A.a; theB.the; theC.the; aD.a; aI ve been waiting for him forhour and hal

11、f.A.x ; xB.the; aC.a; theD.an; aWhatfine weather we have today!A. aB. xC. someD. anHave you ever seen as tall as this oneA. a treeB. such treeC. an treeD. treeChildren usually go toschool at age of six.A. x ; theB. a; anC. the; xD. the; theHimalayas is highest mountain in world.A. x ; the; xB. The;

12、the; theC. A; a; aD.They each have book. Li Hua s i s about _writer. Wang LinX ; X ; Xs is on science.9、10、A. a; a; xB. the; x; the C . x ; the; xD. a; the; aPhysics is science of matter and energy.A. The; xB. x ; xC. x ; theD. A; asun rises ineast and sets inwest.11、A. A; an; aB. The; x ; xC. The;

13、the; theD. A; the; aMany people agree that_knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.12、A. a; xB. the; anC. the; theD. x ; theMr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man).He was in bad13、14、temper. A . x ;aB. A; xC. The; theD. A; aThey were at dinner then. It wa

14、sdelicous one.A.a; theB.x ;xC.x;aD.a; awhat kind of car do you want to buyA.xB.theC.aD.an15、Alice is fond of playing_piano while Henry is interested in listeningC. the; xD. the; theto music._A. x ; theB. x ; x16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butA. the; xB. x ; theC. x ; xD. the; the_space.1

15、7、18-Alexander Graham Bell inventedA. xB. aWhere; s Jacktelephone in 1876.C. theD. oneI think h e s still in_A. x ; xB. the; thebed, but he might just be in_C. the; xD. x ; thebathroom.19、Many people are still inA. the; theB. x ; x_habit of writing silly things in_C. the; xD. x ; thepublic places20-

16、 I d like information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a【答案】:1、B air 是不可數(shù)名詞。2、D此題為97年高考題。根據(jù)句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出現(xiàn)；第二空仍是泛指，且表數(shù)量“”。3、D 元音前用 an。4、B weather 是不可數(shù)名詞。5、A此題為85年高考題。泛指。6、A go to sch

17、ool 是固定短語。7、B山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空， science是不可數(shù)名詞。9、C第一空，科目前不加冠詞；第二空特指，有定語。10、C11、A 第一空，a +不可數(shù)名詞表具體的介紹；第二空，trade不可數(shù)。）第二空是固定短語，情緒不好。12、D第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。（括號里說明，我們倆都不認識這個人，因此不是特指。13、C 第一空at dinner 正在吃飯，固定短語。14、A泛指15、C 此題是89年高考題：樂器前加定冠詞；music是不可數(shù)名詞。16、A 此題是90年高考題：stars前應加定冠詞；spa

18、ce不可數(shù)。17、C 此題是91年高考題：發(fā)明應是特指。18、D 此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語，不加冠詞。19、C 此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語，固是特指。第二空，public places, 公共場所，泛指。20、A 此題是95年高考題。information是不可數(shù)名詞；have a word with sb.是固定短語。二、名詞 Nouns知識要點：一、名詞的種類：1、專有名詞：等。(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。)1) China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不力口冠詞)2) the Great Wall, the

19、Yellow River, the People s Republic of China, the United States2、普通名詞：物質(zhì)名詞： water, rice , oil , paper1J由象名詞：health, trouble, work , pleasure, honor ,注意：不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加 a(an)則使之具體化了。 如：have a wonderful time. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 不可數(shù)名詞一般無復數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時，可用復數(shù)形式。如：fishes, newspapers,waters

20、,snows|各種各樣的魚各種報紙河湖、海水 積雪有些抽象名詞也常用復數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如： times時代，works著作，difficulties 困難 在表數(shù)量時，常用“ of”詞組來表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2)可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞除用復數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有復數(shù)形式：a規(guī)則變化一一

21、加“ s”或“es”(與初中同，略)b不規(guī)則變化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c)單、復數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一種魚)。如，a sheep, two sheepd ) 只用復數(shù)形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, sho

22、es,e ) 形復實單： physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料), means.f ）形單實復：people （人民，人們）,the police, cattle 等g ）集合名詞如：family, public, group, class 等。當作為整體時，為單數(shù)；當作為整體中的各個成員時，為復數(shù)。如：My family is a big one.My family are music lovers.h ）復合名詞變復數(shù)時，a）只把復合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。如：sister（s）-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son （s） 繼

23、子；editor （s） -in-chief總編輯。b ）如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個詞的后面加s。如：grown-up（s）成年人，go-between（s）中間人c ） woman, man作定語時， 要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)致。如： a man servant men servants, a woman doctor women doctors 二、名詞的所有格：1、表有生命的東西（人或動物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加s。如：Mike s bag, Children s Day, my brother s room, women s rig hts注意：1）名詞復數(shù)的詞尾是 -s或-es ,

24、它的所有格只在詞后加 s。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest -home （工人療養(yǎng)院），the students reading -room2 ）復合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加s。如：her son-in- law s photo （她女婿的照片）；anybody else s book （其他任何人的書）3 ）如果一樣東西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個名詞后面加s；如果不是共有，則每個詞后都要加s。如：Jane and Helen sroom.珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）.Bill s and Tom s radios.比爾的收音機和湯姆的收音機（不共有）

25、4 ）表地點（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailor s （裁縫鋪）the doctor s （診所）Mr Brown s （布朗先生的家 ）5 ）有些表時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞，也可加s表所有格。如：half an hour s walk （半小時的路程 ）China s agriculture （中國的農(nóng)業(yè) ）2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如： the cover of the book3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of,特別是名詞較長，有較多的定語時。如：the story of Dr Norman

26、 BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）時，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關系。如：a friend of my father s我父親的一位朋友。some inventions of Edison s 愛迪生的些發(fā)明those exercise- books of the students 學生們的那些練習本。 【專項訓練

27、】：1、 There are only twelve in the hospital.1) woman doctorsB. women doctors2) women doctorD. woman doctor2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.A. brothers-in-lawB. brother-in-lawsD. brothers-in lawC. brothers-in-laws3-How manydoes a cow haveFour.A. stomachesB.stomachC. stomachsD

28、. stomachies4、Somevisited our school last Wednesday.A. GermanB.GermenC. GermansD. Germens5、Theof the building are covered with lots of.A. roofs; leavesB. rooves; leafsC. roof; leafD. roofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found threemissing.A. sheepsB.sheepesC. sheepD. sheepies7、That was a f

29、ifty engine.A. horse powerB. horses powerC. horse powersD. horses powers8、My father often gives me.A. many advice B.much adviceC. a lot of advices D. a few advice9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.A. tea cupB.a cup of tea C . tea s cupD. cup tea10、Can you give us someabout the writerA. informat

30、ionsB. informationC. piece of informationsD. pieces information11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.A. teas; breadB. teas; breadsC. tea; breadsD. tea; bread12、As is known to us all,travels much faster than.A. lights; soundsB. light; soundC. sound; lightD. sounds; lights13、She told him of

31、 all herand.A. hope; fearB. hopes; fearC. hopes; fearsD. hope; fears14、The risingdid a lot ofto the crops.A. water; harmB. water; harmsC. waters; harmD. waters; harms15-How far away is it from here to your schoolIt s about .A. half an hour s driveC. half an hour drivesB. half hours drivesD. half an

32、hour drive16、The shirt isn t mine. It s _.A. Mrs SmithB. Mrs SmithC. Mrs Smiths D. Mrs Smith s17、Miss Johnson is a friend of.A. Mary s motherB. Mary s mothers C. Mary mother sD. Mary s mother s18、Last week I called at my.A. auntB. auntsC. aunt sD. auntes 19、The beach is a throw.A. stoneB. stonesC. s

33、tones D. stone s20、I can hardly imagine _sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. PeterB. PeterC. PetersD. Peters 【答案】:3) B2、 A3、C stomach (胃)雖是“ ch”結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為k,所以加“ s”，不用加“ es”。4、C 5 、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復數(shù)形式，直接加s。6、C 7、A名詞作定語一般不用復數(shù)。8、B9、A根據(jù)句意，打破的應是杯子，而不是茶；名詞作定語表類別不用加s。10、B 11、D 12

34、、B 13、C14、C15、A16、D根據(jù)上句，此處應是史密斯太太的襯衫。17、D 18、C 19、D a stone s throw 是固定短語，意為近在咫尺”。20、B此句中Peter作動名詞sailing的所有格，本應用 Peter s,但因其在動詞后作賓語，所以可用賓格，因此B為正確答案。三、主謂一致 Agreement知識要點：在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意 思，及強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主

35、語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：4) The book is on the table.5) He is reading English.6) To work hard is necessary. (It is necessary to work hard. )7) How you get there is a problem.2、復數(shù)主語跟復數(shù)動詞。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒裝句中，動詞的數(shù)應和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。如以here,there 開頭， be 動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如：1) There is a dog near the door.2)

36、 There were no schools in this area before liberation.3) Here comes the bus.4) On the wall were two famous paintings.5) Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如果主語后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no lessthan, more than, rather than

37、 等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如：1) Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2) He and my father work in the same factory.3) His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4) The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5) He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6) Every picture except the

38、se two has been sold.7) Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8) Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9) Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：1) The writer and worker is coming to our school t

39、omorrow.這位工人作家明天要來我們學校。2) Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。3) The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校。(兩個人)6、 and 連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a 修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。2) No tea

40、cher and no student is absent today.今天沒有老師和學生缺席。3) Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課。7、 each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Each takes a cup of tea.2) Either is correct.3) Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no 構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語時，謂

41、語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Is everyone here2) Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。3) 關系代詞who, that, which 等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：1) Those who want to go please sign their names here.2) Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3) He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示時間、距離

42、、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Three years is not a long time.2) Ten dollars is what he needs.3) Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、復數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等)，動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) The United States is in North America.2) The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議 ) 。3) “ The A

43、rabian Nights ”( 天方夜譚) is an interesting book.4) 、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience (聽眾，觀眾)， government 等作主語時，如看作是一個整體，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強調(diào)各個成員時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。如：1) My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進行一次長途旅行。2) My family are fond of music.我家人都喜歡音樂。3) The class has won the honour.這班獲得了榮譽。4

44、) The class were jumping for joy.全班同學都高興得跳了起來。13、 all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語時，既可表示復數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：1) All of the apple is rotten.整個蘋果都爛了。2) All of the apples are rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。3) Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具 ) 。14、 the + 形容詞(或分詞)作主語時，常指一類人，

45、謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。如：1) The young are usually very active.年輕人通常是很活躍的。2) The wounded are being taken good care of here now.現(xiàn)在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧。15、or, either or，neither nor，whether or, not only but (also)連接的是主語，謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。如：1) Either you or I am going to the movies.2) Not only you but also h

46、e is wrong.3) 、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1) Water is a kind of matter.2) The news at six o clock is true.3) 、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle等作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：1) The police are searching for him.2) The cattle are grassing ( 吃草)。3) 、population 當人口講時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當人們講時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：4) The population of China

47、is larger than that of Japan.5) One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of +名詞復數(shù)，是表示“的數(shù)字”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；a (large / great) number of +名詞復數(shù)，表示許多，作主語時；謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。1) The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2) A number of students have gone for an outing.

48、20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！緦ｍ椨柧殹?、Nothing but cars in the shop.A. is soldB. are soldC. were soldD. are going to sellD. are knownfrom the countryside.D. are coming2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A. know B. knowsC. is knowing3、Seventy percent of the students in our s

49、choolA. isB. areC. comes4、of the money A. Three-five, areC. Three-fifths, has been5、The number of the people whoA. owns, areB. owns, is6、One of Marx s works A. wasB. wereused up.B. Three-fifths, have beenD. Third-fifths, iscars increasingC. own, isD. own, arewritten in English in the 1860s.C. would

50、beD. are7、The sheets for your bedA. needsB. are needing8、On each side of the street_washing.C. wantD.a lot of trees.are wantingA. standsB. growC. is standingD.9、Some personcalling for you at the gate.A. areB. isC. is being10、All that can be eateneaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had been11、 Tom s t

51、eacher and friendMr. Smith.are grownD. will beD. have beenA. areB. is12、Your new clothes fit you, but mineC. are beingmeD. has1A. doesn t fit B . don t fitC. doesn t fit forD . don13、Neither he nor I for the plan.A. amB. areC. isD. were14、Many a studentthat mistake before.A. has made B . have madeC.

52、15、Peter, perhaps John, A. isB. are16、Laying eggs the ant queenA. isB. are17、Between the two buildingshas been made D . had made _ playing with the little dog.C. wereD. seemss full -time job.C. hasD. havea monument.A.standB.standsC.standingD.is standing18、I, who your good friend, will share your joy

53、s and sorrow.A.amB.isC.areD.was19、The United Nationsin 1945.A. were foundB. were founded C . was founded20、 were also invited to the party.A. Mr Smith B . The SmithC. The Smiths D.21、The glass works in 1959.A. were set up B. was set upC. were put up22、Three hours with your girl friendD. was foundSmi

54、thsD. were builtto be a short time.A. seemB. seemsC. is seemingD. has seemed23、It was reported that sixincluding a boy.A. was killedB. were killedC. was killingD. had killedt fit for24、The police a prisoner.A. is searching for B . are searching forC . is searching D . are searched for25、Deer faster than dogs.A. runB. runsC. are runningD. will run26、The wounded good care of here now.A. is taken B . are being takenC. are takingD. is taking27、The whole cla