必修六-3語法課件

1、Module 3 Grammar Interpersonal Relationships- Friendship 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞完成式作狀語定義定義1:1: 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式指分詞所表示的 動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。若分詞所表示的動作與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用having done;若是動賓關(guān)系，則用having been done。 Grammar 11. 在鄉(xiāng)下工作了三年后，他學(xué)會了如何種蔬菜。Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.2. 被提供了這

2、樣一個好機(jī)會，他怎么能讓它浪 費(fèi)掉呢？Having been given such a good chance, how could he let it pass away?Examples:3.已經(jīng)遭受了如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在才清理河道已經(jīng)太晚了。Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.4. 譯成多種語言之后，這本書已經(jīng)聞名世界了。Having been translated into several languages, the book became

3、 famous all over the World.定義定義 2 2：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作往往同時發(fā)生，而完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前?，F(xiàn)在分詞完成式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞完成式作狀語1. 人們穿著19世紀(jì)的服裝走來走去。People walk around wearing nineteenth century clothes.2.考試結(jié)束之后，學(xué)生們把書放在課桌上，然后離開了教室。Having completed the test, the students placed their books on the desks and left the

4、Classroom.Examples:Examples:Having done 的否定形式是 not having done,而不是having not done。1.由于還沒有收到回信，他決定再寫一封。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.2.由于還不知道她的地址，我只好打電話讓她過來。Not having known her address, I might as well telephone her to come over.having done 也可接在也可接在regret, remember, forget等詞

5、后面作賓語，與等詞后面作賓語，與doing作賓語含義相同。作賓語含義相同。e.g.我后悔把那件事告訴他了。I regret having told him that.他很后悔沒能幫助我。He regretted not having been able to help me.我不記得以前曾見過他。I didnt remember having met him before.我忘了以前在什么地方見過他。 I forget having met him somewhere before. 拓展拓展-1.After I had been to his house a few times, I sta

6、rted to get to know his family. 2. After I had talked to him for a while, I started to like him. Rewrite the sentences (begin with the word Having)-Having been to his house a few times, I started toget to know his family.Having talked to him for a while, I started to like him. 3. Because we had live

7、d next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house. 4. After we had argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been stupid. Having lived next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house.Having argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been stupid.后面

8、接后面接-ing或不定形式的動詞或不定形式的動詞Grammar 2 1.doing與to do 都可以具備名詞的功能，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等，但有些區(qū)別?？偟膮^(qū)別如下：doing表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、經(jīng)常性；表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、經(jīng)常性；to do 表示具體的，一次性的、表示具體的，一次性的、將發(fā)生的動作。將發(fā)生的動作。e.g.游泳是他最喜歡的運(yùn)動。Swimming is his favourite sport.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。 Our work is serving the people.現(xiàn)在在這條河里游泳是很危險的，因?yàn)樗魈薄?To swim in this river today i

9、s dangerous, for the current is too swift.我所要建議的是推遲會議。 What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.2. doing與to do 作賓語時的若干區(qū)別： (1) 只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞有： 三個希望兩答應(yīng)（hope, wish, want, agree, promise） 兩個要求莫拒絕（demand, ask, refuse） 設(shè)法學(xué)會作決定（manage, learn, decide） 不要假裝在選擇（pretend, choose） e.g.我決定要回我的錢。I decided to

10、ask for my money back.我們參觀完農(nóng)場后，打算步行回去。 When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.（2）只能接-ing而不能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:避免、過錯、（少）延期（avoid, miss, postpone） 建議、完成、（多）練習(xí)（suggest, finish, practice） 喜歡、想象、（禁）不?。╡njoy, imagine, cant help）承認(rèn)、否定、（與）嫉妒（admit, deny, envy） 逃避、冒險、（莫）原諒（escape, ri

11、sk, excuse） 忍受、保持，（不）介意（stand, keep, mind）e.g.我建議在海邊小鎮(zhèn)躲過我們的暑假。 I suggest spending our summer holiday in a seaside town.(3) 只能接動名詞而不能接不定式作賓語的短語有：give up 放棄 put off 推遲 insist on 堅持 stick to 堅持(原則等) cant help doing 忍不住，禁不住 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing 干 有困難 object to 反對 devoteto 貢獻(xiàn)于 contributeto

12、致力于apply oneself to 致力于e.g.你必須戒煙，因?yàn)樗鼘δ愕慕】滴：μ罅恕?You must give up drinking, for it does too much harm to your health.4. 在下列這些動詞后，既可接doing形式也可接to do 形式，但意義有所不同： (1) 在need, require, want后接-ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動形式。你的書法需要提高。Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). (2) hate, love, like接不定式表示

13、特定的未來事件，接- ing 形式表示目前正在進(jìn)行的活動或一般的行為。在下列情況下，一般要用不定式- a) hate, like, love前有would (should) 時。我想喝一杯咖啡。 Id like to have a cup of coffee. b) 但謂語動詞begin, continue, start等是進(jìn)行式時。 學(xué)生們開始做數(shù)學(xué)題。 The students are starting to work on the maths problem. c)當(dāng)begin, continue, start與know, understand等狀態(tài)動詞連接時。我立刻明白發(fā)生了什么。 I

14、 soon began to understand what was happening. (3) forget/remember regret to do 表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作；forget/remember/regret doing 表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。他忘記關(guān)辦公室的燈了，燈亮了一整夜。He forgot to turn off the light in the office. So the light was on the whole night. 他忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)掉了辦公室的燈，于是他回去關(guān)燈，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)燈沒亮著。He forgot turning off the light in the o

15、ffice. So he went back to turn it off, only to find the light was not on. 你走之前要記得關(guān)窗戶。Remember to close the windows before you leave. 我記得一年前給他寫過一封信，他從沒回過信。 I remember writing him a letter a year ago. He never wrote back.我們很遺憾地告訴你們，你們都沒有被邀請出席會議。We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to

16、attend the meeting.他們后悔從國外定購了那些書，因?yàn)橥惖臅痪镁驮趪鴥?nèi)出版了。 They regretted ordering these books from abroad, for books of the same kind were published soon at home.(4) mean to do 表示“打算、想要做”；mean doing表示“意味著”。我為自己所說的話向你道歉，但我并不是有意傷害你。I am sorry for what I have said. But I didnt mean to hurt you.他踢足球的時候摔傷了腿，那意味著

17、要在床上躺上幾個周。 He broke his leg while playing football. That means staying in bed for several weeks.(5) try to do表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”； try doing 表 示“試著做”。 你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力克服自己的缺點(diǎn)。 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. “為什么不試試做運(yùn)動減肥呢？”醫(yī)生說。 “Why not try doing exercise to lose weight?” said the doctor.(6). cant help do

18、ing 表示“禁不住”；can not help to) do 表示“不能幫助干”。聽到那個消息他們不禁跳了起來。They couldnt help jumping up at the news.對不起，我不能幫你打掃房間了，我必須馬上走。Sorry I cant help to clean the room for you. I must go at once.(7) stop后跟-ing形式短語作賓語，表示“停下手頭正在干的事”；stop后跟不定式，不定式不是賓語而是目的狀語，表示“停下手頭正在干的事去干另外一件事”。他放下書去散步。He stopped reading and went out for a walk.他停下來休息了一會兒。He stopped to have a rest.(8). go on to do 表示“繼續(xù)做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事”; go on do