質(zhì)量管理課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、精品1 課程設(shè)計(jì)的目的質(zhì)量工程管理課程設(shè)計(jì)是在完成學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量工程管理課程后進(jìn)行的實(shí)踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，其目的在于加深對(duì)質(zhì)量工程管理課程基礎(chǔ)理論和基本知識(shí)的理解，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的質(zhì)量管理意識(shí)，使學(xué)生掌握質(zhì)量工程管理的基本方法、掌握抽樣檢驗(yàn)和質(zhì)量過(guò)程控制的基本技術(shù)。同時(shí)課程設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)充分體現(xiàn)在教師的指導(dǎo)下，以學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)思想，充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性和能動(dòng)性，重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自學(xué)能力和思維邏輯能力。感謝下載載2 課程設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)本課程設(shè)計(jì)重在實(shí)用性和可操作性。模仿企業(yè)質(zhì)量控制實(shí)際操作，從零件抽樣檢驗(yàn)開始，直方圖分析，過(guò)程能力分析，到控制圖分析，完成整個(gè)質(zhì)量控制過(guò)程分析，幫助學(xué)生熟悉企業(yè)質(zhì)量控制具體思路和操作，理解質(zhì)量工程

2、管理理論的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。主要內(nèi)容：1 、零件的抽樣檢驗(yàn)。2 、繪制零件的直方圖。3 、對(duì)零件進(jìn)行過(guò)程能力分析。4 、繪制和分析零件均值極差圖。5 、繪制和分析零件單值移動(dòng)極差圖。6 、編寫課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告。3零件的抽樣檢驗(yàn)3.1測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)收集單位圖3.1零件圖樣及標(biāo)注2800.153.2 測(cè)量工具測(cè)量工具為游標(biāo)卡尺3.3 原始數(shù)據(jù)表經(jīng)測(cè)量后得到的原始數(shù)據(jù)表如表3.1表3.1零件原始數(shù)據(jù)表樣本組號(hào)零件直徑零件長(zhǎng)度零件直徑零件長(zhǎng)度零件直徑零件長(zhǎng)度127.7786.1228.0085.8027.8685.87227.8785.9327.4585.8727.9086.00327.9485.7927.9585.8

3、627.8285.33427.8085.7127.9585.8627.9785.53527.8086.0126.9786.2927.9286.14628.0286.0128.0186.7528.0285.73727.7985.6827.9786.0927.8785.90827.9286.2928.1585.6927.9785.89927.8685.7228.1785.9927.9585.771028.0185.9427.7686.0927.9986.061127.9085.7128.0585.9927.7985.811227.9186.0228.1285.1628.0786.231327.43

4、85.8128.0186.0427.9086.251427.8585.7527.9186.3027.9086.751527.2385.8528.0386.1727.8986.001627.8785.8127.9985.9327.9086.331727.8886.1228.0385.9728.0386.011828.0385.2327.9585.9727.0985.891927.9987.5028.0185.9827.8785.972027.9786.2627.9786.4728.0085.942127.9685.7827.8885.7728.2083.302228.0085.9327.8785

5、.9728.1085.832328.0385.8327.9885.9827.9385.832428.0186.1528.0085.9927.9286.102528.1086.5727.9785.7127.4885.872627.8685.8727.2486.6927.9085.732728.0386.1327.5886.0327.9685.603.4抽樣目前生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)主要采用抽樣檢驗(yàn)。從整體（N）中抽取一個(gè)樣本（n）,對(duì)樣本n實(shí)施全檢，然后根據(jù)樣本檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果推斷總體的質(zhì)量。所以他有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算和調(diào)整，可以將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到可以接受的水平。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，抽樣的常用方法有隨機(jī)抽樣、分層抽樣、整群抽樣和

6、系統(tǒng)抽樣。然后確定樣本量字碼，按批量和檢驗(yàn)水平，確定“樣本量字碼”。根據(jù)樣本大小字碼、接收質(zhì)量限AQL值、抽樣的類型以及寬嚴(yán)程度，在GB/T2828.1所提供抽樣檢查表檢索抽樣方案。抽取樣本，按照EXCEL的隨機(jī)數(shù)發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)列，抽取樣本。抽樣檢驗(yàn)的基本思想是從一批產(chǎn)品中隨機(jī)抽取部分產(chǎn)品作為樣本，根據(jù)對(duì)樣本檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果，按一定的判斷準(zhǔn)則，推斷整批產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量水平。在計(jì)數(shù)抽樣中，判斷準(zhǔn)則只利用計(jì)數(shù)檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。-判斷圖3.2抽樣檢驗(yàn)過(guò)程示意圖課程設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)零件1的抽樣檢驗(yàn)是通過(guò)計(jì)數(shù)一次抽樣檢驗(yàn)。具方法是從批量為N的產(chǎn)品中，隨機(jī)抽取n（N）個(gè)產(chǎn)品為樣本，同時(shí)規(guī)定一個(gè)接收數(shù)c,經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)樣本中有d個(gè)不合格品，按

7、以下規(guī)則決定是否接受改批產(chǎn)品：如果d由，則接受該批產(chǎn)品如果d>c,則拒收該批產(chǎn)品步驟：1 .確定抽樣方案：計(jì)數(shù)一次抽樣檢驗(yàn)；2 .確定質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：2800.15mm；3 .確定批量N:在零件1檢查批中，N=81;4 .確定AQL值：AQL=6.5%;5 .規(guī)定檢驗(yàn)水平：在對(duì)零件檢查，按一般水平H;6 .根據(jù)樣本量字碼表確定樣本量：按批量和檢驗(yàn)水平確定的用于表示樣本量的字母叫“樣本量字碼”，如表3.2。表3.2樣本量字碼表批量N特殊檢驗(yàn)水平一般檢驗(yàn)水平S1S2S3S4Inm2-8AAAAAAB915AAAAABC16-25AABBBCD26-50ABBCCDE51-90BBCCCEF9115

8、0BBCDDFG151-280BCDEEGH281-500BCDEFHJ5011200CCEFGJK由圖可知：按N=81,一般水平H,得到樣本量字碼為E。在查正常檢驗(yàn)一次抽樣方案表得到E相對(duì)應(yīng)的樣本量為n=13.7 .作出批產(chǎn)品是否合格的判斷：查正常檢驗(yàn)一次抽樣方案表相對(duì)應(yīng)的E,AQL=6.5%得至IJ:表3.3檢查過(guò)程表檢查批大小樣本大小接收質(zhì)量限（AQL）=6.5%接收數(shù)拒收數(shù)811323根據(jù)表3.2零件原始數(shù)據(jù)表可變換成外圓直徑和零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)表如表3.4表3.4外圓直徑和零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)表序號(hào)外圓直徑長(zhǎng)度序號(hào)外圓直徑長(zhǎng)度序號(hào)外圓直徑長(zhǎng)度127.7786.122828.0085.805527.

9、8685.87227.8785.932927.4585.875627.9086.00327.9485.793027.9585.865727.8285.33427.8085.713127.9585.865827.9785.53527.8086.013226.9786.295927.9286.14628.0286.013328.0186.756028.0285.73727.7985.683427.9786.096127.8785.90827.9286.293528.1585.696227.9785.89927.8685.723628.1785.996327.9585.771028.0185.943

10、727.7686.096427.9986.061127.9085.713828.0585.996527.7985.811227.9186.023928.1285.166628.0786.231327.4385.814028.0186.046727.9086.251427.8585.754127.9186.306827.9086.751527.2385.854228.0386.176927.8986.001627.8785.814327.9985.937027.9086.331727.8886.124428.0385.977128.0386.011828.0385.234527.9585.977

11、227.0985.891927.9987.504628.0185.987327.8785.972027.9786.264727.9786.477428.0085.942127.9685.784827.8885.777528.2083.302228.0085.934927.8785.977628.1085.832328.0385.835027.9885.987727.9385.832428.0186.155128.0085.997827.9286.102528.1086.575227.9785.717927.4885.872627.8685.875327.2486.698027.9085.732

12、728.0386.135427.5886.038127.9685.60隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生小于81的隨機(jī)數(shù)：Mod(rand()*1000,81),取前13個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)為樣本量，從而得到外圓直徑和零件長(zhǎng)度樣本檢驗(yàn)表，如表3.5。表3.5外圓直徑和零件長(zhǎng)度樣本檢驗(yàn)表隨機(jī)數(shù)相應(yīng)序號(hào)的外圓直徑(mm)相應(yīng)序號(hào)的外圓長(zhǎng)度(mm)是否合格7327.8785.97合格2627.8685.87合格6628.0786.23不合格5427.5886.03不合格2027.9786.26不合格4228.0386.17不合格5327.2486.69不合格2627.8685.87合格2428.0186.15不合格6028.0285.7

13、3不合格3727.7686.09不合格4527.9585.97合格4127.9186.30不合格4727.9786.47不合格3.5結(jié)果分析由表3.5得樣本中合格品7個(gè)，不合格品為6個(gè)，按照Ac=2,Rc=3,根據(jù)如果d由，則接受該批產(chǎn)品如果d>c,則拒收該批產(chǎn)品所以拒收該批產(chǎn)品。這批零件不合格。因該將不合格的7個(gè)零件更換合格零件，再將進(jìn)行抽樣檢驗(yàn)，直到接受。如果企業(yè)的聲譽(yù)不怎么好，再次進(jìn)行抽樣時(shí)因加嚴(yán)處理。如果企業(yè)聲譽(yù)向來(lái)良好，可適當(dāng)放寬處理。4 直方圖4.1 目的直方圖法是從總體中隨機(jī)抽取樣本，將從樣本中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理，從而找出數(shù)據(jù)變化的規(guī)律性。1 .直觀地看出產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量特性值的分

14、布狀態(tài)（平均值和分散情況），便于掌握產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分布情況。2 .顯示質(zhì)量波動(dòng)狀態(tài)，判斷工序是否穩(wěn)定。3 .確定改進(jìn)方向。通過(guò)直方圖研究分析質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)波動(dòng)狀況之后，就可確定怎樣進(jìn)行質(zhì)量改進(jìn)。4 .用以調(diào)查工序能力和設(shè)備能力。在直方圖商標(biāo)出公差線或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，可以定量的調(diào)查工序能力和設(shè)備能力。4.2 步驟1 .收集數(shù)據(jù)：表1.4外圓直徑和零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)表2 .確定外圓直徑的極差R：Max=28.20Min=26.97R=Max-Min=1.23；確定零件長(zhǎng)度的極差R：Max=87.50Min=83.30R=Max-Min=4.20；3 .確定外圓直徑分組的組數(shù)和組距：組數(shù)：k=1+3.3*lgNN=81得：k

15、組距：h=R/K=1.23/7«=0.18;確定零件長(zhǎng)度分組的組數(shù)和組距：組數(shù)：k=1+3.3*lgNN=81得：k=7;組距：h=R/K=4.2/7«=0.6;4 .確定外圓直徑數(shù)據(jù)各組上、下限：首先確定第一組的下限值，第一組的下限值必須要小于最小值，才能使得測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)不落在上、下限上，即帶上最小測(cè)量單位的1/2尾數(shù)。第一組的下限值=Min數(shù)據(jù)最小測(cè)量單位的1/2=26.97-0.005=26.965;第一組的上限值=第一組的下限值+h=26.965+0.18=27.141;然后依次累加組距直到七組；同理可確定零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)的各組上下限。5 .作零件外圓直徑頻數(shù)分布表如表4

16、.1和零件長(zhǎng)度頻數(shù)分布表如表4.2。表4.1零件外圓直徑頻數(shù)分布表組序下限值上限值組中值頻數(shù)累計(jì)頻數(shù)累計(jì)頻率126.96527.14127.053222.47%227.14127.31627.229244.94%327.31627.49227.404378.64%427.49227.66827.580189.88%527.66827.84427.75671518.52%627.84428.01927.931506580.25%728.01928.19528.1071681100.00%表4.2零件長(zhǎng)度頻數(shù)分布表組序下限值上限值組中值頻數(shù)累計(jì)頻數(shù)累計(jì)頻率183.29583.89583.59511

17、1.23%283.89584.49584.195011.23%384.49585.09584.795011.23%485.09585.69585.395789.88%585.69586.29585.995647288.89%686.29586.89586.59588098.77%786.89587.49587.195181100.00%6 .求外圓直徑平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差fiUi_-6x=x0+h=16.5+27.89=16.380100fik2fiU2fiU2s=ht1黑=25226=4.741kk100100(fifi'i=1i=17 .求外圓直徑平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差fiui-6x=x0+h=

18、16.5+8595=16.380,100fis=hk1 fiUU2i=1fiUi=1 kfii=1=2 =50.44 -6 =4.74100 1008.畫外圓直徑直方圖，如圖4.1所示。零件外圓直徑直方圖口零件外圓直徑直方圖|圖4.1零件外圓直徑頻數(shù)直方圖畫零件長(zhǎng)度直方圖，如圖4.2所示零件長(zhǎng)度直方圖圖4.2零件長(zhǎng)度頻數(shù)直方圖4.3結(jié)果分析觀察直方圖的形狀判斷總體（生產(chǎn)過(guò)程）的正?；虍惓?，進(jìn)而尋找異常的原因。并與零件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（公差）比較，判定生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的質(zhì)量情況。兩個(gè)直方圖數(shù)據(jù)分布跨度大且兩邊邊都有孤立的長(zhǎng)方形。排除測(cè)量有誤的因素，有可能是因?yàn)榱慵⒎怯墒炀毠と思庸ぶ圃欤栽谏a(chǎn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了異常

19、因素，如刀具磨損、工人不熟練等。直方圖的分布已經(jīng)超過(guò)公差范圍。已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)不合格品，這說(shuō)明加工精度不夠，應(yīng)提高加工精度，縮小標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，也可以從公差標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的適當(dāng)放寬來(lái)考慮。5過(guò)程能力分析5.1 計(jì)算、J和J5.1.1 計(jì)算外圓直徑J、C叫和Cpk根據(jù)外圓直徑2800.15mm得到規(guī)范限(27.85,28.00)。規(guī)范限的寬度T=TU-TL=0.15,稱公差，表示規(guī)范的寬嚴(yán)程度，點(diǎn)M=(TL+TU)/2=27.93成為規(guī)范中心(也稱公差中心)。由于M=27.93*=27.95,規(guī)范中心M與受控中心u(均值)不重合，則發(fā)生偏移，所以為有偏移情況的過(guò)程能力指數(shù)。上單側(cè)過(guò)程能力指數(shù)：73X0.24«

20、;=0.16 (凡 <TU):皿=宇陽(yáng)票下單測(cè)過(guò)程能力指數(shù):%3口=(28.00-27.88)二(27.88-27.85)/3X0.24枳.05(工TL)%-癡&J有偏移情況的過(guò)程能力指數(shù)cpk為0.165.1.2 計(jì)算零件長(zhǎng)度C*l、Gu和Cpm根據(jù)零件長(zhǎng)度8600125mm得到規(guī)范限(85.75,86.10)。規(guī)范限的寬度.U.T=TU-TL=0.35,稱公差，表示規(guī)范的寬嚴(yán)程度，點(diǎn)M=(TL+TU)/2=85.93成為規(guī)范中心(也稱公差中心)。由于M=85.93*工=86.09,規(guī)范中心M與受控中心u(均值)不重合，上單側(cè)過(guò)程能力指數(shù):下單測(cè)過(guò)程能力指數(shù):則發(fā)生偏移，所以為

21、有偏移情況的過(guò)程能力指數(shù)=(86.10-85.95)/3X0.440.12(X<TU)=(85.95-85.75)/3X0.44=0.15(%>TL)有偏移情況的過(guò)程能力指數(shù)CP" 0.155.2 結(jié)果分析因?yàn)椋?cMe=且0&K<1,所以CPK&CP并且隨著偏移度的減少而增加CPK值越大，就表示受控中心u越接近據(jù)規(guī)范中心M,即兩者的偏移越小。CP值越大，過(guò)程的合格品率越高，質(zhì)量特性限越銳,CP越小，不合格品率越大。CPK=0.12,CPK值不大，且遠(yuǎn)小于1。說(shuō)明受控中心u與規(guī)范中心M兩者的偏移比較大，CP很小，過(guò)程的合格品率低，過(guò)程能力不足，不能滿

22、足要求，表示質(zhì)量能力較弱，因考慮放寬條件。5.3 求出不合格率外圓直徑不合格品率計(jì)算：二'''CP=0.10P=1-(3CPK)+0(-3CP(1+K)=1-0(0.49)+(-0.1436)勺6%零件長(zhǎng)度不合格品率計(jì)算：(二心：/I；總招,；cp=0.13P=1-(3CPK)+0(-3CP(1+K)=1-0(0.45)+(-0.35)至9%6均值極差圖6.1 做均值極差圖步驟：1、確定統(tǒng)計(jì)量；2、準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)判穩(wěn)準(zhǔn)則1,至少取25個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)；3、計(jì)算與R;4、計(jì)算X與R;5、計(jì)算天一R圖與圖的控制線；6、作圖；6.2 計(jì)算過(guò)程由原始數(shù)據(jù)表表3.1得到外圓直徑數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表如

23、表6.1表6.1外圓直徑數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表樣本組號(hào)零件直徑零件直徑零件直徑均值極差127.7728.0027.8627.880.23227.8727.4527.9027.740.45327.9427.9527.8227.900.13427.8027.9527.9727.910.16527.8026.9727.9227.560.95628.0228.0128.0228.020.02727.7927.9727.8727.880.17827.9228.1527.9728.010.24927.8628.1727.9527.990.311028.0127.7627.9927.920.241127.9028.05

24、27.7927.910.261227.9128.1228.0728.030.211327.4328.0127.9027.780.571427.8527.9127.9027.890.071527.2328.0327.8927.720.811627.8727.9927.9027.920.121727.8828.0328.0327.980.151828.0327.9527.0927.690.931927.9928.0127.8727.960.132027.9727.9728.0027.980.032127.9627.8828.2028.010.322228.0027.8728.1027.990.24

25、2328.0327.9827.9327.980.102428.0128.0027.9227.980.092528.1027.9727.4827.850.622627.8627.2427.9027.670.662728.0327.5827.9627.860.45均值27.890.32根據(jù)公式：UCLr 二舊+3OR=R+3d3R/d2=R1+d3/d2%D4RCLR=舊=RLCLr=舊-3cR=R-3d3R/d2=R1-d3/d2刊RUCLx=收+3ox=p+3(/而=X+3R/d27n=X+A2RCLx=收=產(chǎn)xUCLx=應(yīng)-3ox=叱3(r赤=x-3R/d27n=X-A2R由于樣本量n=3,

26、查控制圖系數(shù)表得:0.83CL 五=0.32 LCLk = 0口*=2.574Dn=0；計(jì)算得到：UCL7=由表6.1數(shù)據(jù)和上面計(jì)算所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪制出外圓直徑極差控制圖如圖6.1。1.000.900.800.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.00F013579111315171921232527圖6.1外圓直徑極差控制圖查表得為=1.023;計(jì)算得到：1K氏=28.22C*=27.89LCLx=27.56由表6.2數(shù)據(jù)和上面計(jì)算所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪制出外圓直徑均值控制圖如圖6.2。圖6.2外圓直徑均值控制圖由原始數(shù)據(jù)表表3.1得到長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表如表6.2表6.2零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)

27、計(jì)算表樣本組號(hào)零件長(zhǎng)度零件長(zhǎng)度零件長(zhǎng)度均值極差186.1285.8085.8785.930.32285.9385.8786.0085.940.13385.7985.8685.3385.660.53485.7185.8685.5385.700.33586.0186.2986.1486.150.29686.0186.7585.7386.161.02785.6886.0985.9085.890.41886.2985.6985.8985.960.61985.7285.9985.7785.820.271085.9486.0986.0686.030.151185.7185.9985.8185.840.27

28、1286.0285.1686.2385.801.071385.8186.0486.2586.040.441485.7586.3086.7586.271.011585.8586.1786.0086.010.321685.8185.9386.3386.020.521786.1285.9786.0186.040.151885.2385.9785.8985.700.751987.5085.9885.9786.481.532086.2686.4785.9486.220.532185.7885.7783.3084.952.482285.9385.9785.8385.910.132385.8385.9885

29、.8385.880.152486.1585.9986.1086.080.162586.5785.7185.8786.050.852685.8786.6985.7386.100.962786.1386.0385.6085.920.53均值85.950.59由于樣本量n=3,查控制圖系數(shù)表得：D.巾=2.574?？?0;計(jì)算得到：UC/=1.52皿京=0.59LJCL冤=0由表6.2數(shù)據(jù)和上面計(jì)算所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪制出零件長(zhǎng)度極差控制圖如圖6.3。3.002.502.001.501.000.500.00圖6.3零件長(zhǎng)度極差控制圖查表得A2=1.023;計(jì)算得到：UCL三=86.55CL=85.95L

30、UL交=85.34由表6.1數(shù)據(jù)和上面所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪出零件長(zhǎng)度均值控制圖如圖6.4<X087.0086.5086.0085.5085.0084.5084.0013579111315171921232527圖6.4零件長(zhǎng)度均值控制圖6.3。 正均值極差圖根據(jù)判異準(zhǔn)則：點(diǎn)出界以及在界內(nèi)不是隨機(jī)排列;表6.3判異準(zhǔn)則表判異準(zhǔn)則顯著性水平1點(diǎn)出界0.00272連續(xù)9點(diǎn)在中心線向一側(cè)0.00383連續(xù)6點(diǎn)遞增或遞減0.002734連續(xù)14點(diǎn)中相鄰兩點(diǎn)上卜交替接近0.00275連續(xù)3點(diǎn)中有2點(diǎn)位于中心線向一側(cè)的B區(qū)以外接近0.00276連續(xù)5點(diǎn)中后4點(diǎn)位于中心線向一側(cè)的C區(qū)以外接近0.00277連

31、續(xù)15點(diǎn)位于中心線上下0.003268連續(xù)8點(diǎn)中有4點(diǎn)位于中心線兩側(cè)，但h在C區(qū)中0.0002以外圓直徑數(shù)據(jù)為例：由圖6.1外圓直徑極差控制圖可以看出點(diǎn)5和點(diǎn)18異常，點(diǎn)出界需要去除,再反復(fù)去除異常點(diǎn)，共去除如下表：表6.4去除異常點(diǎn)表樣本組號(hào)零件直徑零件直徑零件直徑均值極差5.0027.8026.9727.9227.560.9518.0028.0327.9527.0927.690.93經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)刪減后得到修正后的控制圖:表6.5修正后的控制圖數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表樣本組號(hào)零件直徑零件直徑零件直徑均值極差127.7728.0027.8627.880.23227.8727.4527.9027.740.4532

32、7.9427.9527.8227.900.13427.8027.9527.9727.910.16628.0228.0128.0228.020.02727.7927.9727.8727.880.17827.9228.1527.9728.010.24927.8628.1727.9527.990.311028.0127.7627.9927.920.241127.9028.0527.7927.910.261227.9128.1228.0728.030.211327.4328.0127.9027.780.571427.8527.9127.9027.890.071527.2328.0327.8927.72

33、0.811627.8727.9927.9027.920.121727.8828.0328.0327.980.151927.9928.0127.8727.960.132027.9727.9728.0027.980.032127.9627.8828.2028.010.322228.0027.8728.1027.990.242328.0327.9827.9327.980.102428.0128.0027.9227.980.092528.1027.9727.4827.850.622627.8627.2427.9027.670.662728.0327.5827.9627.860.45均值27.910.2

34、7得到：ucy=0.7"貫=0.27LCL/二0由表6.5數(shù)據(jù)和上面所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪出修正后的外圓直徑極差控制圖如圖6.5。F00.900.800.700.600.500.400.300.200.100.0013579111315171921232527圖6.5修正后的外圓直徑極差控制圖得到：UCL"=28.19X=27.91LC5=27.63由表6.5數(shù)據(jù)和上面所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪出修正后的外圓直徑均值控制圖如圖6.6X028.3028.2028.1028.0027.9027.8027.7027.6027.5027.4027.30圖6.6修正后的外圓直徑均值控制圖以零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)

35、據(jù)為例：由圖6.3零件長(zhǎng)度極差控制圖可以看出點(diǎn)19和點(diǎn)21異常，點(diǎn)出界需要去除，再反復(fù)去除異常點(diǎn)，共去除如下表：表6.6去除異常點(diǎn)表樣本組號(hào)零件直徑零件直徑零件直徑均值極差1987.5085.9885.9786.481.532185.7885.7783.3084.952.48經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)刪減后得到修正后的控制圖：表6.7修正后的控制圖數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表樣本組號(hào)零件長(zhǎng)度零件長(zhǎng)度零件長(zhǎng)度均值極差186.1285.8085.8785.930.32285.9385.8786.0085.940.13385.7985.8685.3385.660.53485.7185.8685.5385.700.33586.0186.

36、2986.1486.150.29686.0186.7585.7386.161.02785.6886.0985.9085.890.41886.2985.6985.8985.960.61985.7285.9985.7785.820.271085.9486.0986.0686.030.151185.7185.9985.8185.840.271286.0285.1686.2385.801.071385.8186.0486.2586.040.441485.7586.3086.7586.271.011585.8586.1786.0086.010.321685.8185.9386.3386.020.5217

37、86.1285.9786.0186.040.151885.2385.9785.8985.700.752086.2686.4785.9486.220.532285.9385.9785.8385.910.132385.8385.9885.8385.880.152486.1585.9986.1086.080.162586.5785.7185.8786.050.852685.8786.6985.7386.100.962786.1386.0385.6085.920.53均值85.960.48得到：UC.=1.22C=0.48L£Le=0由表6.7數(shù)據(jù)和上面所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪出修正后的外圓直徑極差

38、控制圖，如圖6.7F01.401.201.000.800.600.400.200.00圖6.7修正后的長(zhǎng)度極差控制圖得到：期=86.45CLx=85.96LCL3£=85.48由表6.7數(shù)據(jù)和上面所得的數(shù)據(jù)可以繪出修正后的外圓直徑均值控制圖，如圖6.8。X0| 均值|CCL28.3028.2028.1028.0027.9027.8027.7027.6027.5027.4027.30圖6.8修正后的長(zhǎng)度均值控制圖6.4結(jié)論及分析控制圖反映質(zhì)量隨時(shí)間變化而波動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，主要對(duì)過(guò)程質(zhì)量特性值進(jìn)行測(cè)定、記錄、評(píng)估分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的質(zhì)量狀況，判別工序過(guò)程是否處于受控狀態(tài)。如果數(shù)據(jù)落在上、下控制

39、界限線外，或數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)雖然在控制界限線內(nèi)，但數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的排列呈現(xiàn)某種規(guī)則，這表明存在系統(tǒng)性誤差，據(jù)此可以判斷生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)偏差。使用控制圖的最終目的是提高質(zhì)量、降低成本、減少損失。由圖6.1外圓直徑極差控制圖、圖6.2外圓直徑均值控制圖可以看出均有兩個(gè)點(diǎn)不在控制范圍，需要去除，圖6.3零件長(zhǎng)度極差控制圖和6.4圖6.4零件長(zhǎng)度均值控制圖可以看出均有三個(gè)點(diǎn)不在控制范圍，需要去除不斷修正，直至所有點(diǎn)都在控制線范圍隨機(jī)排列。如圖6.5，圖6.6，圖6.7和圖6.8。修正后控制圖可作判穩(wěn)使用，判定生產(chǎn)過(guò)程是否處于受控狀態(tài)。7單值移動(dòng)極差圖7.1 數(shù)據(jù)由表3.1零件原始數(shù)據(jù)表得表7.1和表7.2。表7.1零件外

40、圓直徑數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表樣本編號(hào)外圓直徑移動(dòng)極差外圓直徑移動(dòng)極差外圓直徑移動(dòng)極差(mm)(mm)(mm)127.7728.000.0327.860.28227.870.1027.450.5527.900.04327.940.0727.950.5027.820.08427.800.1427.950.0127.970.15527.800.0126.970.9727.920.05628.020.2328.011.0328.020.10727.790.2327.970.0427.870.15827.920.1228.150.1927.970.11927.860.0628.170.0127.950.031028

41、.010.1527.760.4027.990.051127.900.1128.050.2927.790.201227.910.0228.120.0728.070.271327.430.4828.010.1127.900.171427.850.4127.910.0927.900.001527.230.6228.030.1227.890.011627.870.6427.990.0427.900.011727.880.0128.030.0428.030.131828.030.1427.950.0827.090.941927.990.0428.010.0527.870.782027.970.0127.

42、970.0328.000.132127.960.0227.880.0928.200.202228.000.0527.870.0228.100.102328.030.0327.980.1227.930.172428.010.0228.000.0227.920.012528.100.0927.970.0327.480.442627.860.2427.240.7327.900.422728.030.1727.580.3427.960.07均值27.890.19表7.2零件長(zhǎng)度數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表樣本編R長(zhǎng)度(mm)移動(dòng)極差長(zhǎng)度(mm)移動(dòng)極差長(zhǎng)度(mm)移動(dòng)極差186.1285.800.3385.870.17

43、285.930.1985.870.0786.000.13385.790.1485.860.0185.330.67485.710.0985.860.0085.530.20586.010.3086.290.4386.140.61686.010.0086.750.4585.730.41785.680.3386.090.6585.900.17886.290.6185.690.4185.890.01985.720.5785.990.3085.770.131085.940.2286.090.1086.060.291185.710.2385.990.1085.810.251286.020.3185.160.8386.230.421385.810.2186.040.8886.250.021485.750.0786.300.2686.750.501585.850.1186.170.1386.000.751685.810.0585.930.2486.330.331786.120.3185.970.0486.010.311885.230.8985.970.0085.890.131987.502.2785.980.0185.970.082086.261.2486.470.4985.940.032185.780.4885.770.7083.302.642285.930.1585.970