英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞用法名詞練習(xí)題及答案介詞練習(xí)題答案

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞名詞的定義名詞是表示人、事物、地方或抽象概念的名稱的詞、名詞的分類名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞專有名詞是某個(gè)（某些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing, China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：1） 個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。2） 集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。3） 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。4） 抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work 個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱為 可數(shù)名詞；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一

2、般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱為 不可數(shù)名詞。名詞歸納一下，名詞的分類可以下圖表示:名詞專有名詞普通名詞物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞集體名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞專有名詞L個(gè)體名詞L可數(shù)名詞廠物質(zhì)名詞1不可數(shù)名詞-1-抽象名詞三、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的基本用法1. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，前面有 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)后面有2. 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞是不可以用簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)詞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。如：water, news, oil, population,in formati on .金木水火土，肉面布食茶，液體粉末狀，都是不可數(shù)。 前面沒(méi)有；后面沒(méi)有_ 可用修飾，有。 不可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)作單數(shù)使用。例如：Water Js. importa nt.不

3、可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量方法（1）一般用“數(shù)字+of+計(jì)量單位+名詞”表示，（注意：當(dāng)數(shù)字大于一時(shí)，表示計(jì)量單 位的名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式）。如：a piece of news貝U新聞 a piece of meat一塊肉 a glass of wine杯酒 two bowls ofrice 兩碗米 a sum of money筆錢(qián) five bags of flour 5 袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice兩條建議（2）用 much/some/a little/ little （幾乎沒(méi)有）/ a l

4、ot of/ plenty of，a bit of，a great deal of, a large amount of 環(huán)可數(shù)名詞注：有些修飾語(yǔ)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如all, some, enough, a lot of,lots of, plenty of, a （large） quantity o等。-如覺(jué)得難，可暫不掌握。四、可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化情況構(gòu)成方法、七M(jìn) 讀曰例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/Maps, computers, bottles濁輔音和元音后讀/z/Bags, cars以s, sh, ch, X等結(jié)尾加-es讀 /iz/ 以 ce, se, ze

5、, 等結(jié)尾讀/iz/Bus-buses, watch-watches Brush-brushes, box-boxes lice nse-lice nses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 （以元音字母+y的， 屬于一般情況）y ies讀/z/babybabies, storystories, coun tryco un tries, boyboys, toy-toys以o結(jié)尾：有生命的加-es 無(wú)生命的屬于 一般情況。negroes, heroes, volcanoes potatoes, tomatoes, man goes, mosquitoes pia nos, photos, radios, vi

6、deos（特殊情況，zero兩種都可-zeros / zeroes以f、fe結(jié)尾-f/fe -vesHalfhalves, lealeaves, selfselves, wifewives, kni fek ni ves, wolf-wolves, thiefthieves, shelfshelves, life-lives特殊情況：Roofroofs Giraffe-giraffes（belief-beliefssafe-safesgulf-gulfs（還有兩 種方法均可，handkerchief: handkerchiefs /han dkerchieves五、可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化1.

7、 魚(yú)鹿羊的復(fù)數(shù)魚(yú)鹿羊：fish, deer, sheep不變。但fish表示很多不同類的魚(yú)時(shí)，按常規(guī)變化 fishes.鵝牛鼠： Goosegeese, Ooxen. Mousemice男人女人：manmen, woma nwome n,小孩的腳牙：child-childre n foot-feet tooth-teeth注意：由一個(gè)詞加 man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men和-women,女口 an En glishman, two En glishmer。但 Germa n 不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germa ns Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是 the Bowmans2

8、. X國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)中日兩瑞永不變 : Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish英法荷蘭 a 變 e: Englishman, FrenchmanDutchman-因?yàn)槭呛铣稍~）其它國(guó)人加 s: American-, Australia重點(diǎn)提防德國(guó)人：German（因?yàn)椴皇呛铣稍~，所以按正常變化）3. 合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)（有兩個(gè)名詞組成的詞）男人女人前后變，其他只有主體變（一般就是變后面），沒(méi)有主體加后面。男人女人前后都變： Man teacher - woma n doctor -其他只有主體變： Boy stude nt - pen cil box - apple tree

9、 -Mother-i n-law mothers-in-law（岳母）passer-by- passers-b過(guò)路人）沒(méi)有主體加后面：4. 特殊情況一一先不掌握單復(fù)同形的，除 deer，sheep, fish，Chi nese Jap a nese 夕卜，以漢語(yǔ)拼音表示的量詞，如li，jin，yuan （里、斤、元）單復(fù)同形，two li，three mu， four jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：adollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)際為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：people police

10、cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people， a police，a cattle，但可以說(shuō)a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.the English, the British，the French，the Chinese, the Japanese the Swiss等名詞，表示 國(guó)民總稱時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)用，女口 The Chi nese are in dustries and brav中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。單詞本身以s結(jié)尾，實(shí)際為單數(shù)的名詞，如：maths, politics, physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。news為不可

11、數(shù)名詞。the United States （美國(guó)），the United Nations （聯(lián)合國(guó)）是單數(shù)。The Un ited Natio ns was orga nized in 1945聯(lián)合國(guó)是 1945 年組建起來(lái)的。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故 事書(shū)。 由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡）trousers （褲子）,clothes （衣服）等，本身就是復(fù)數(shù)。若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)

12、量詞 pair （對(duì)，雙）；suit （套）；a pair of glasses; two pairs of trouser等。另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes （各種魚(yú)）。六、名詞的所有格 表示兩個(gè)名詞之間的所有關(guān)系1. 有生命的名詞的所有格That is LilS nny. （Lily 的兔子）They are thegirls b'unny.女孩們的兔子） Charles weddi ng. （Charles的 婚禮） Children bunny.單數(shù)名詞，加-'s規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)，加-'（變?yōu)閟'

13、;） 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)，按一般情況加 A和B共同擁有的東西，只在B后面加-sLily and Mbsnny. （Lily和 Mary 共有的兔子） A和B分別擁有的東西，A、B后面都加-sLilya nd Marys bunni es. （Lily的兔子和Mary的兔子，注意后面是復(fù)數(shù)）2. 無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格一般用of表示。A of B. B的 AoThe door of the room.不能用the room' door，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有生命，不能擁有東西。 the title of the song3. 特殊名詞的所有格雙重所有格比如，某人（或許多人）的東西中的一個(gè)（或一些） a/som

14、e +n.+ofsb' s（sb=somebody）He isa student of my mother' . s我媽媽學(xué)生中的一個(gè)。我媽媽的一個(gè)學(xué)生。變態(tài)所有格一路程、時(shí)間的所有格單數(shù)時(shí)在路程、時(shí)間單位后加，s復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加s'。an hour stalk 一小時(shí)的談話/ two hours talk 2小時(shí)的談話/ ten miles 'walk.十分鐘的路程 同時(shí)，也可以用 打包”的方式，寫(xiě)成單數(shù)形式。Two hours talk. = a two-hour talk.（第二個(gè)相當(dāng)于打包了，所以是單數(shù)）a ten-mile walk= ten miles &#

15、39;walkThere was no bus in that small street. We had a ten-mile walk.某人住宅、店鋪（姓氏、職業(yè)的所有格）The+姓氏'-s表示某人的家:the Tom s- Tom的，也就是Tom的家的簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)法。The+姓氏s-表示一家人:the Toms -這些姓Tom的”國(guó)外一家人都是同姓的，所 以表示Tom 一家人的意思。The+職業(yè)-s表示xx店鋪：the doctor '-醫(yī)生的，醫(yī)生的東西當(dāng)然是診所，所以是診 所（clinic） 的意思。Go to the doctor ' s.at theioctor

16、' s.the butcher'肉店） thebarber （理發(fā)店）節(jié)日表達(dá)教師節(jié)：Teachers Day.復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以理解為一個(gè)人有很多老師，所以是復(fù)數(shù) 父親節(jié)：Father' Day.單數(shù)形式，可以理解為一個(gè)人只有一個(gè)父親，所以單數(shù)。 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)，'s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例如： a mo nth or two's abse nee七、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1. 名詞修飾名詞 a shoe shop2. 時(shí)間距離 two hour' talk = a two-hour talk.3. xx家, xx店。八、其它可不掌握不可數(shù)名詞量的表示1）物質(zhì)名詞

17、a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。比較：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)）These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)）b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可數(shù)）We n eed various steels.（可數(shù)）c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：Our coun try is famous for tea.我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。Two teas, please請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。2）抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如：four freedoms 四大自由t

18、he four moder ni zati ons 四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a pieceof advice 一貝U建議。九、其它可不掌握定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如：sports meeti ng 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) stude nts readin g-ro om 學(xué)生閱覽室talks table談判桌the foreig n Ian guages departme n 外語(yǔ)系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：me

19、n workers women teachers gentlemen officials3）有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，s保留。例如： goods train （貨車(chē)）arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)customs papers海 關(guān)文件clothes brush 衣刷4）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如： two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹(shù) a five-year plan. 一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃1.8 練習(xí)1. He was eager to make some extra mone

20、y, since during these years he could hardly live onhis.a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages2. Most of the houses in the village were burnt to d u ri n g the war.a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes3. The students at colleges or universities are making for the coming New Year.a. many preparatio

21、ns b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation4. Painting in is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil5. In the view of the foreign experts, therewasn'_t_ oil here.a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many6. The large houses are being painted, but .a. o

22、f great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7. The room was small and contained far too .a. much new furniture c. much new furnituresb. many new furniture d. many new furnitures8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the .a. ro

23、oms number b. room number c.room'nsumbers d. room numbers9. Computers can do work in a short time, but a man can not do by himself.a great ma ny manyc.much-a great dealb. a great dealof much d. many a great many10. Shedidn 'ktnow he had been given.a.how many information c. how many informati

24、onsb. the number of information d. how much information11. He invited all of his to join his wedding rade-in-armsc. rades-in-armsd. comrade-in-arm12. All the in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctorsc. woman doctorsb. women doctord. woman doctor13. After te

25、n years, all these youngsters became.a. growns-ups c. growns-upb.grown-up d. grown-ups14. The police investigated those about the accident.a.stander-byc. standers-byb.stander-bysd. standers-bys15. The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-warsc. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-war

26、s d. prisoner-of-war16. The manager was greatly appreciate that made by Linda lately.a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels17. Mary'dsress is similar in appearance to her .a. elder sister b. eldersister 'cs. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress18. All the people at the conferenc

27、e are .a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d.mathematic 'tesachers19. Professor Mackay told us that of lead are its softness and its resistance.a.some propertyc. propertiesb.some propertiesd. property20. Physics with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing

28、d. are21. He has written several books, but his last works well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are22. After he checked up my heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a.father-inl-aw 'sc.father -'in-slawb. father-in-law df.ather -'in-slaw 's23. He to

29、ld me would come to his birthday party.a.many Jack friends c. manJyack 'frsiendb.Jack 'msany friends d. many friends ofJack 's24. I had my hair cut at the around the corner.a.barber b. barbers c.barber 'sd. barbers '25. Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at .a. Peter andHe

30、len 's c. Peter and Helenb. Peter and HelensdP.eter 'asnd Helen 's26. receives only a small portion of the total amount of thesun'esnergy.a. Theearth 'susrfacec. The surface of earthb. The surface earthd. The earth surface27. Numerous materials are available to .a.today of design

31、erstco.day 'osf designersb.today 'dsesignersd. today designers28. Why did you speak to Peter that way?Don'ytou know he is an old friend of ?a. my brother b. my brothers c. mbyrother 'sd. mybrother 'frisend29. is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a.Thi

32、sJohn 'osld friendc.That 'Jsahn'osld friendb. This old friend of Johnd. This old friend Joof hn's30. is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bike 'wseightc. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a bike dB. ile 'wesight31. Generally there are television programs for children

33、on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of32. When they got to the lecture-room, there were left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats33. travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a. A little mail b. A piece of ma

34、il c. A mail d. A small mail34. The Department purchased to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipmentsb.a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments35. The boy tried hard but there has been in his work.a.little improvement c. many improvementsb. a little improv

35、ement d. few improvements36. Today 'msodern TV cameras require light as compared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little37. No country can afford to neglect .a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education38. Please write the answers to the q

36、uestions at the end of .a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight39. is only surpassed by that omf onkeys'and apes'.a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogsb. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent40. All must take the graduate Mana

37、gement Admission Test.a. business student bb. usiness 'stusdents c. business students db.usiness s'tusdent41. anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a.Three minutes call c. A three-minutes callb. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call42. The about

38、nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a. public 'chsief concern c. chief public concernb.public chief concern d. chief concern opfublic 's43. the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of thetranscontinental railroad.a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chines

39、e was d. The Chinese were44. can get a better view of the game than the participants.a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons45. A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who at the scene of theaccidents within minutes.a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46.Our livestock n

40、ot as numerous as they used to be.a. is b. are c. be d. been47.One of the most surprising things is that may come from petroleum.a.much of tomorrow foodc. many otfomorrow 'fsoodb.much of the food of tomorrow d. much oftomorrow 'fosod48.Scott is an orphan but he received .a.very good educatio

41、nc. a very good educationb.very good educationsd. many good educations49. After severalday'hsardworking, we have made on the design.a.much improvementc. many improvementb.several improvementsd. some improvement50. The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a yesterd

42、ay.a. shoes shop b. shoe shop sch.oes 'sshop d.shoe's51. Eggs, though nourishing, have of fat content.a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount52. He has done some on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.a. research b. a research c. researches

43、d. the researches53. Recently, he has lost all his .a. wage and saving at cardc. wages and saving at cardb.wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards54. Thecountry 'wesalth comes chiefly from its many .a.herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles55.In

44、Britain the are all painted red.a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes ledt.ters b'oxs56. Ten years had passed. I found she had .a.a little white hairc. a few white hairb.some white haird. much white hair57. All his far from satisfactiona. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. con

45、ducts will be58. Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, was done.a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage59. He was what to do.a.at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at hwisit 'esnd d. at hiswits 'ensd60. Would you like to have a cup of tea and with me?a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow piec