成人英語三級考試虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)

1、2013年成人英語三級考試虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)在英文中表示虛擬的情況不但有虛詞的提示，謂語動詞也要相應的變化。虛擬語氣是英語三級考試的必考知識點之一，也是體現(xiàn)英漢語言習慣區(qū)別的一個語法現(xiàn)象。在漢語里表示假設(shè)虛擬的情況常用一些虛詞來表示，例如“假設(shè)”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虛擬的情況不但有虛詞的提示，謂語動詞也要相應的變化。虛擬語氣的基本作用是：(1)表達假設(shè)的情況與事實相反;(2)表達異想天開很難實現(xiàn)的愿望;(3)表達建議命令勸告等語氣。本部分重點講if引導的虛擬條件句，含蓄條件句、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣，及should+動詞原形的用法。1、虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法虛擬(條件)語氣中，主句與從句中謂

2、語動詞的形式可分為下面三類：假設(shè)類型條件從句謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If+動詞的過去式 (be用were而不用was)would(第一人稱可用should)+動詞原形與過去事實相反If+had+過去分詞would(第一人稱可用should)+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反If+were to+動詞原形或 If+should+動詞原形would(第一人稱可用should)+動詞原形下面我們列舉今年的真題來強化記憶。例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I _ _ it to you.”A.will return B.must retu

3、rn C.could return D.would have returned【答案】D(2004年4月45題)例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ _ him.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年38題)例3 If Bob _ _ with us，he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came【答案】C(1995年59題)1、省略if的虛擬形

4、式在虛擬條件句中，如謂語包含were，had，should等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語前面，省略if。例1 _ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken【答案】D(2004年4月32題)例2 _ ，I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us B.If they c

5、ome to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us【答案】A(1997年30題)例3 _ ，you were busy，I wouldt have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized【答案】B(1996年39題)2、含蓄條件句有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其他方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with，without，but for引導。例1 W

6、ithout heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown【答案】A(2004年11月32題)例2 But for my classmateshelp，I _ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished【答案】A(2004年11月32題)例3 But for the

7、 rain，we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had【答案】B(2003年4月28題)3、特殊詞或結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣(1)以wish(that)引導的表示“愿望”的賓語從句。wish后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，而在虛擬語氣中時態(tài)的應用類似在非真實條件中從句時態(tài)的應用。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿茫褐髡Z+wish+從句(主語+過去時);表示一個過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望用：主語+wish+從句(主語+過去完成時)。例1 I didnt go to the party，but I do wish

8、I _ there.A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be【答案】C(2001年53題)例2 Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study【答案】C(2000年53題)(2)if only+句子(過去時/過去完成時)“要是就好了”。If only后面的句子如果是對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，用過去時did;如果是對過去情況的虛擬，用過去完成時had done。要注

9、意與if區(qū)別，if只表示假設(shè)，意為“如果”，用真實語氣。而if only表示不可能實現(xiàn)的情況，用虛擬語氣。例： If only the alarm clock had rung.當時鬧鐘響就好了。(對過去虛擬)If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)(3)would rather+句子(過去時)。表示寧愿、寧可的意愿，語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，后接過去式。例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A.come B.would come C.came D.h

10、ave come【答案】C(2002年46題)例2 Id _ you didntouch that，if you dont mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further【答案】A(1998年45題)(4)it is time (that)，it is high time(that)句型中，謂語動詞用過去時，表示早該做而未做的事，意思是“該了、早該了”。例1 Lets finish our homework in a faw seconds;its time we _ _ .A.played football B.will play football C

11、.play football D.are playing football【答案】A(2004年11月43題)例2 Dont you think it is time you _ _ smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up【答案】B(1999年31題)(5)以as if，as though引導的從句。在as if，as though引導的從句中，如果談論的是不可能或不真實的情況時，他們所引導的狀語從句要用虛擬語氣，動詞形式和wish后面的從句動詞形式變化相同。例：He talks as he _ everythi

12、ng in the world.A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known【答案】B 本句表示說話人對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，所以用過去的。4、should +動詞原形及should的省略(1)一些表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞本身隱含說話者主觀的意見。因此這些動詞(或其派生詞，如名詞、形容詞、分詞等)后面的從句應使用虛擬語氣，即“should do”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表示“提議、建議”的動詞：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move(提議);表示“要求、主張”的動詞：insist，requir

13、e，request，demand，desire;表示：“命令”的動詞：order，command。例1 I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to she job since he has no experience.A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned【答案】A(2006年11月29題)例2 His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.pu

14、tting on【答案】A(1999年58題) 此處省略了should。例3 The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have【答案】C(1998年28題) 此處省略了should。(2)It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that引導的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should + 原形動詞，should也可以省略。此類形容詞的特點是表示重要性或吃驚。例1 It is vital that enough money _ collected to get the project started.A.is B.be C.must be D.can be【答案】B(2004年11月24題)例2 Its urgent that a meeting _ befor the final