現(xiàn)在完成時(1)

1、 Ch5 grammar現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)一. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是have/ has +done （have / has 是助動詞，done 稱為動詞的過去分詞(pp)）。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞和過去式一樣,在詞尾加-ed. 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞需要記好。二. 現(xiàn)在完成時用于以下情況1. 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與以下詞語連用：just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)）（這兩個詞用于肯定句）,yet（“仍然，還”，用于否定或疑問句的句尾），ever（曾經(jīng)）, never（從未）, before（以前）, recently=lately（最近）, in the past/l

2、ast few years（在過去的幾年里）, once(一次); twice(兩次); many times(許多次); 這些副詞放在句中時, 必須放在 “助動詞have/has”和 “動詞的過去分詞之間”.1) We _already_(met) each other. We _(not meet) each other yet. _ you _ (meet) each other yet?2) He _ever _(see) the film. He _ ever _(not see) the film. _ he ever _(see) the film?3) She _(live)

3、in America in the past few years. She _(not live) in America in the past few years. _she _(live) in America in the past few years?4) They _ (have) a picnic once this year. _ they _ (have) a picnic once this year?2. 表示從過去某一時間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止的動作或狀態(tài)，常與 “ for+ 一段時間 ” 或 “ since + 過去時間/過去時的句子 ” 的時間狀語連用。We have lea

4、rned English for about three years.我們學(xué)英語大概學(xué)了三年. He has been here since last term/since three years ago/since he left university.他自從上學(xué)期以來/他自從三年前以來/他自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來就在這里.1) 就“ for+ 一段時間 ” 或 “ since + 過去時間/過去時的句子 ”提問時，用疑問詞how long. 現(xiàn)在請對以上兩個例句中的劃線部分提問。 _ _ _ we _ English?_ _ _ he _ here?2) A：He _ (stay) here _

5、two hours. (for, since); B: They _ (sleep) _ two hours ago. (for, since); C: Lily _ (learn) English _ (for, since) she _ (go) to England. D: I _ (work) in Tiandong Middle School _ (for, since) 1996. E: Peter and Linda _ (wait) for you _(for, since) ten oclock.3）當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)“ for+ 一段時間 ” 或 “ since + 過去時間/過去

6、時的句子 ”時，句中動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，不能用短暫性動詞。誤: Ive left my hometown since 1980.正: Ive been away from my hometown since 1980.正：I left my hometown in 1980.以下列出了常見的短暫性動詞以及所對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞begin/ startbe on（上演） finishbe over（結(jié)束） diebe dead borrow keep（保存） buyhave joinbe in/ be a member（成員）of leavebe away from（離開） come/gobe in

7、move(搬遷)live get to/arrive at/reach(到達(dá))be in 請改寫同義句1. He borrowed this book a week ago.= He _ _ this book _ a week. = He _ _ this book _ a week ago. 2. He died ten years ago.= He _ _ _ _ ten years = He _ _ _ _ 1999. 3. The film started five minutes ago.= The film _ _ _ _ five minutes. = The film _ _

8、 _ _ five oclock.4. He _ (join) the army in 2006. = He _ _ a soldier _ 2006. = He _ _ _ the army _ three years.5. Our family _ (move) to Shenzhen in 1996. = Our family _ _ in Shenzhen _ 1996. = Our family _ _ in Shenzhen _ 13 years ago.6. They _ (arrive) in Shenzhen last Monday. = They _ _ _ Shenzhe

9、n _ last Monday.7. Mr. Chen _ (leave) Beijing ten days ago. = Mr. Chen _ _ _ _ Beijing _ ten days.8. The meeting _ (finish) two minutes ago. = The meeting _ _ _ _ ten eight.9. He _(join) the Party when he began university. = He _ _ _ the Party _ he began university. = He _ _ a Party member _ he bega

10、n university.10. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at11. He _ the Army at the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been三 要注意的幾點1. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在

11、的影響或過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。e.g. I have just had breakfast. （表示我現(xiàn)在飽了） I had breakfast a moment ago. （表示我吃了早餐）2）一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語一起用: two days ago, yesterday, last week, just now(剛才); 現(xiàn)在完成時和already, just(剛剛), ever, never, once, before連用A: -Have you seen the film? -Yes, I have. -When _

12、 you _ (see) it? B: I _ (watch) TV for five hours. C: I _ (watch) TV for five hours last Sunday. D: She _ (read) the book once. E: She _ (read) the book once last term. F: Linda _ (not see) her mother last week. G: Linda _ (not see) her mother since last week. H: I never _ (play) computer games when

13、 I was in the university. I: I _ never _ (play) computer games.2. 用下列三個短語的適當(dāng)形式填空: have gone to（表示去了某地還沒回來）; have been to（表示去了某地又回來了）; have been in（表示呆在某地一段時間）1) Where are the boy students? They _ the school factory.2) - Is your father in? -No, he _ to Shenzhen. -Has he ever been there before ?- Yes, he _ there several times3) He _ Beijing for three months.3. It is/ has been +一段時間+ since+句子（since從句要用一般過去時） “自從。有多久了” e.g. It is two days since he left . 1) They _ (come) here six weeks ago. = They _ _ here _ six weeks ago. = It _/ _ _ six weeks since they _(come) here. 2) They _ (j