定語從句詳解例句

1、定語從句詳解+例句一、定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語 1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。 2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。 關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。 二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.who指人，在從句中做主語 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)

2、 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓

3、語時可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this

4、morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you li

5、ke the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo) (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (

6、that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after,

7、take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (

8、3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there a

9、re quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指地點，在定語從句中做

10、地點狀語 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換 (1) The reason why

11、/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句舉例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the

12、only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語從句舉例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages

13、 him to go to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個哥哥） 難點分析 （一）限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況 1當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some

14、, no, little, few, much 等修飾時 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of

15、 duty won't do such a thing. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car

16、 is the only thing that he owned. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時 (1) Can you remember the scientist and

17、 his theory that we have learned? （二）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是： 1As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1

18、) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which

19、 made his teacher angry. 3. 當(dāng)先行次受such, the same修飾時，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary'

20、s wedding. 她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。 （三）以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。 (1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but 有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( bu

21、t= who don't ) (五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句 1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補充說明的關(guān)系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于從句 2定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，

22、充當(dāng)成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以 (1) The idea that we could

23、 ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位語 (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.語法解釋：定語從句 修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語從句。先行詞 被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。關(guān)系

24、詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分兩種：一是關(guān)系代詞(在定語從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定語成分)二是關(guān)系副詞(在定語從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分)關(guān)系詞的三個功能：1.連接功能（連接先行詞與定語從句）；2.擔(dān)任功能（在定語從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定、狀語）；3.替代功能（在定語從句中代替先行詞）。A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly.關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, whi

25、ch, as在定語從句中可擔(dān)任主語的是：who, that, which, as在定語從句中可擔(dān)任賓語的是：who, whom, that, which, as在定語從句中可擔(dān)任定語的是：whose, which當(dāng)先行詞是人時，可用的關(guān)系詞是：who, whom, that, as當(dāng)先行詞是物時，可用的關(guān)系詞是：which, that, whose, as關(guān)系副詞有：when (先行詞為時間), where (先行詞為地點), why (先行詞為原因)關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞 + which / whom定語從句分為兩種：限制性與非限制性。先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間無逗號隔開為限制性；有逗號隔開則為非限制性

26、。非限制性定語從句一般不可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。唯一可以置于先行詞之前的定語從句由關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)。以下練習(xí)詳細(xì)介紹了定語從句使用的具體語法規(guī)則。一. 單選：1. A football fan is _ has a strong interest in football.A. that B. who C. a person who D. what2.The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A. whose roof B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof3.Ca

27、n you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talkedD. you talked about4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in

28、the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _ has common sense（常識） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C.

29、which D. where 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 10. A child _ parents have died is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 12. Is this museum _ s

30、ome German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 13. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 14. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that15.

31、 The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 16. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. on which C. under which D. which 17. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. a

32、bout which 18. He arrived at a time, _, in his opinion, was rather inappropriate for them.A. that B. / C. which D. when19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because 20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945

33、. A. when B. during that C. in which D. which 21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out. A. which B. when C. on which D. during which 22. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he spent with his various students. A. when B. which C. on which D. in which 23. This is just the pla

34、ce _ I am looking forward to visiting these years. A. that B. where C. in which D. to where 24. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents. A. which B. that C. who D. where 25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. in which we stayed B. where w

35、e stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 26. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 27. He is not _ a fool _. A. such/as he is looked B. such/as he looks C. as/as he is looked D. so/as he looks 28. The time _ was given to us was too limited. We must hurry

36、up.A. whenB. during whichC. thatD. for which29. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. it C. what D. that 30. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 31. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of w

37、hom C. both of which D. all of whom 32. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most 33. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 34. Mr. Wu, _

38、 everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A. whom B. that C. which D. / 35. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. / 36. _, the compass was first made in China. A. It is known to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is kn

39、own to all 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. It was such a serious mistake, _ caused by carelessness. A. which I think was B.

40、 which I think it was C. I think which was D. I think which it was 40. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ he picked up some English. A. this B. which C. that D. when 41. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight, _ he had been dreaming of for years. A. that/whic

41、h B. where/that C. in which/what D. where/which 42. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 43. He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not like. A. and which B. which C. and when D. when 44. I gave him a warning, _ he turned a deaf ear. A. of which B.

42、for which C. to that D. to which 45. My father has made me _ I am. A. who B. which C. what D. that 46. She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination. A. was B. were C. has D. have 47. He is my son, _ a better son does not exist. A. but B. than who C. against whom D. than whom 48. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as 49. You may call on me from one to five oclock, during _ I am always at home. A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time 50. China is the birthplace of kites, _ kiteflying (放風(fēng)箏) spread to Japan, Korea, and