英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料整理

1、英語音標(biāo)表（48個）元音(20個)藍(lán)色(OriginalVersionOfIPA)長元音/d/?:/?:/?:/i:/u:/短元音/?/?/?/?/7/?/u/e/?/eI/e?/aI/a?/?I/?雙元音/?/e?/e?/?/u?/?/?u/a?/au輕輔音/p/ / t/ / k/ h/ /ts/濁輔音/b/d/ /g/ r/ /dz/輔音(28個)/f/ / H/t 7 /tr/v/ /e/d ?/ /dr/s/ /7/z/ /?/鼻音/m/n/?/半元音/j/w/邊音/7英語音標(biāo)及字母組合對照,、一兀首:1) /?/發(fā)音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcu

2、pbusmotherdoeslovetroubleroughbloodflood2) /a/發(fā)音字母araalcarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantcalmhalfauntheart3) /?/?發(fā)音字母oaouhotlostlotfoxboxhoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch4) /?:/發(fā)音字母alororeooauourouarawSmall,walltalktallballwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportstoredoorfloorauthorcaughtautumnfourc

3、ourtboughtbroughtwarmwarnquarterlawsaw5) /?/發(fā)音字母erorouaroaeuurteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerdoctoractorauthordeliciousfamiliardollartomorrowtodaylessonpolitecontrolaroundagoelephantbananaCanadaJapanmenlistenfamulusSaturday6) /?:/?:發(fā)音字母irurearerorbirdgirlskirtthirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleT

4、hursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermherserveworkworld7)/7發(fā)音字母iyeuiuayasitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitmanyhappytwentydictionarydecidebuildyesterday8) /i：/發(fā)音字母:eeeaeieei(eoeyi)threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatteachermeanspeakheshemepiecebelievereceiveceiling9) /?/u發(fā)音字母ooouuolookgoodfootbookw

5、oodshouldcouldputfullpushwomanwolf10) /U：/發(fā)音字母ooououfoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothdowhomprovemovetworudetrueblueyougroup11)/e/發(fā)音字母eaea(ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay)headbreadpleasurefeatherelephantremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskyesmanyany12) /?/發(fā)音字母aglad flagmanbaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblack13) /

6、e?eI發(fā)音字母eiaayeaaieyeightnamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaywaygreatbreakrainplainpaintpaidthey_hey_grey_14) /a?al發(fā)音字母iyuybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeyebuyguy15)/?I發(fā)音字母oyoiboytoyjoyenjoyoilsoilvoicechoice16) /?7發(fā)音字母eerearerebeerdeerearnearhereidea17) /e?/&餒音字母earairerearepearbearchair

7、airfairtherewherecaredare18) /?/u?發(fā)音字母ouroorure19)/?/ ?u發(fā)音字母otourpoorsurehomecoldnophonehostghostknowlowboatcoat20)/a?/belowgrowblowgoalau發(fā)音字母ouowshowflowhousefloweroutflourgrounddownnowcowaccountcount：howtownowoasoundloud輔音：1.爆破音音標(biāo)對比：/k/g/t/d/p/b/發(fā)音字母：c/k/ckgtdpbkeepgetteadeedputbookkidgainteamdeep

8、penbedcakebegneatneedpetbetpickpigbetbedpullball2.摩擦音音標(biāo)對比：/f/v/0/e/發(fā)音字母：f/phvththlifelivethickthisfivevotethemethanphysicsvisitteeththey音標(biāo)對比：/s/z/7/?/發(fā)音字母：s/cs/zsh/ch/ci/ti/sisi/ssinkzipactiontreasurepasszoomachinemeasureadvicehisfinishrevisionAsia、ancient3.破擦音音標(biāo)對比：/tr/發(fā)苜子母：trdrtreetrytreat/dr/dream

9、drydraw/ts/dz/chbedsseedsneeds/t?/dr/jobenergytsbetsseatsnetsdsj/ge/chesschildrenmatch4）鼻音音標(biāo)對比：/m/n/?/發(fā)苜子母：mnngnSomenoonsingComenosesongMapnotekingMoonnothingthank5）其他音標(biāo)：/h/r/j/w/7發(fā)首字母:h/whr/wryw/whLHotraceyearwaitletHouseredyeswideleapHorserightyardwhatdealWholewrongyoungwhilesaleWhowriteyetwhenbel

10、tWhse【注忌】wh在兀音字母ow/h/語音知識:1) 字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2) 音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。即20個元音音素和28個輔音音素.3) 元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。4) 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。5) 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。6) 開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebikehomedue

11、;b)輔音+元音he，go，hi。7) 閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)兀首+輔首it。8) 重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。讀音規(guī)則1) 重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)。2) 非重讀音節(jié)banana，student，today，after，iorange，secret，evening，very，Monday。特殊讀音1)音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。notatall，halfanhour，Iloveyouandall、afterall。2)失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音

12、和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。goodgirl，goodstudent，goodjob，expression，school，extreme。3)音的同化：兩個特殊的音碰到一起，會發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou、Can'tyouseeit?lastyea，rthisyear。重音A）雙音節(jié)詞a）一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorry。b）有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans-等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是

13、重音。a'bout，be'lieve，ad'dress，de'cide，re'port，con'demn，res'pect，com'pare，in'form，dis'cuss，im'press，mis'take，en'force，pre'pare，em'ploy，per'mit，es'cape，pro'duce，ex'claim，trans'latec）有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的

14、重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'contentcon'tent。d）有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞，有兩個重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fifteen,'Chi'nese,'

15、;pre-'war,'post-'war。B）多音節(jié)詞a）一股倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。b）有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,establishm

16、entsc）詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。cour'teous,calligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,sufficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,protective。d）詞尾有-ain,-ee,-

17、eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'neseciga'rette。一些特殊規(guī)則：s后的清輔音/k/p/t/要濁彳匕為/g/b/d/音。如：skyskillstopstudentspacesport字母組合tion有兩種發(fā)音/t?/,/?n/如：/t?!/question/?n/situationnationinvitation有些單詞中某些字母不發(fā)音如：hourclimbChristmasknowlisten一般情況開音節(jié)發(fā)本音（如輔+元+輔

18、+e的結(jié)構(gòu)）ae?cake,face,table,grade,have?除夕卜ei:these,he,she,be,weIa?mine,ride,time,give,live?除外o?nose,those,hope,（另外，'后是m,n,v,th,發(fā)?如：love,some,come,glove,brother,mother;whose,whomu:除夕卜。）Uju:cute,use閉音節(jié)一般不發(fā)本音（如輔+元+輔的結(jié)構(gòu)）a?cat,black,glad,eebed,left,help,I?big,milk,think,o/?/?hot,stop,clock,u ? bus , sun

19、 ,but ,put , pull?除外僅一種發(fā)音的字母組合：ai,aye?rain,playhaf a :除外school k除外還有 sure ?al?:all,walktalkoa?coat,boatcht?chair,Chinackkduck,clocksh?shirt,shoesa前是輔音w時,a發(fā)/?/?，如：want,what,watch,wallet,washa后是字母ss,s,f,n時，般發(fā)a:如grass,class,ask,after,i后是ld,nd結(jié)尾時，i發(fā)a?,如：find,kind,child,behind,一些常用字母組合的發(fā)音:ara:farmfarfart

20、herpark?:quarterwarmaire?chajrhairhairdryerpairairportear?dearyearearearphonenearheare?bearpear?:learnearlyere?heree?wherethere?:wereeae?greateheadsweaterbreakfastreadybreadheadacheheavyi:speakpeachbeacheachpleasereadreading-roomteacherteacheatseatteateapotmeatice-creamEastermean?reallyideatheatreee

21、i:seeeighteenthreegreensweettreeHalloweenneedstreetsweepweekender?:herhersterm?brotheLdaughterfathermothersisterteachernumbertigerafterfloweror?doctorvisitormirrorcalculator?:workworkerwordworld?:forfortymorningshortsportforkhorseNewYorkordermorebeforeir/ur?:birdgirlbirthdayshirtskirtthirdcirclethirstythirtysjrfirstturnpursenursehamburgersurfThursdayhurtigha?|nightbrightrightlightfighthighheighte?|eightweightoo?cookfootfootballclassroom