小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)-非限定動(dòng)詞_通用版

1、.小升初英語(yǔ)非限定動(dòng)詞非限定動(dòng)詞如今分詞的時(shí)態(tài)過去分詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，所以這里只講如今分詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式。1如今分詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式一般式writing完成式having written2如今分詞一般式其所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或后發(fā)生。如：Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.我們?cè)诤桶浊蠖鞔蠓蛞黄鸸ぷ髌陂g，向他學(xué)到很多東西。working與leamt同時(shí)發(fā)生Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began

2、 to make preparations.他們知道他們下星期要出國(guó)，所以都開場(chǎng)作準(zhǔn)備。knowing發(fā)生在began之前He came up to me，sayingGlad to see you again.他來到我跟前說道，很快樂又見到你。saying發(fā)生在came之后3如今分詞完成式其所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，常常用作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間或原因。如：Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.這個(gè)小學(xué)生做完作業(yè)后，開場(chǎng)寫日記。having done his homework發(fā)生在began之

3、前，表示時(shí)間。Not haying done it right, I tried again.沒有做對(duì)，我就又試。not having done發(fā)生在 tried之前，表示原因。如今分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式being written完成式haring been written如：This is one of the many dams being built the river.這是沿河修筑的許多水壩之一。Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敵軍被包圍了，被迫投降。Having been asked to stay，

4、I couldnt very well leave.人家請(qǐng)我留下，我就不好分開了。獨(dú)立構(gòu)造absolute construction分詞短語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作在邏輯上有主語(yǔ)，這種主語(yǔ)皆可在同一句中找到。如：The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那邊的年輕婦女是我們新的英語(yǔ)老師。分詞短語(yǔ)standing over there的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 the young womanHaving finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。havi

5、ng finished his work的邏輯主語(yǔ)是he但有時(shí)分詞短語(yǔ)有它自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這種主語(yǔ)常常是名詞或代詞主格，放在分詞短語(yǔ)之前，這種構(gòu)造叫做獨(dú)立構(gòu)造。獨(dú)立構(gòu)造常用作狀語(yǔ)，多用在書面語(yǔ)中。如：The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.烏云已散去，太陽(yáng)又普照大地了。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天氣好的話，我們就打麥。條件狀語(yǔ)Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the

6、 park.他們的房間在二層樓上，房間里的寬大的窗戶俯視著公園。伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)，the first floor在英國(guó)指第二層樓，在美國(guó)指第一層，其余可類推。We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我們加倍努力工作，一人干兩人的活。方式Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，銀是最好的導(dǎo)體。伴隨情況The meeting over，we all left the room.會(huì)議完畢以后，我們就都分開了房間。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，注

7、意over之前省去了beingThis done，we went home.做完此事，我們就回家了。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她雙手*在胸前凝視著。注一有的分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。它們往往已經(jīng)變成習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，必須熟記。如：Generally speaking，this book is not very difficult.總的說來，這本書并不很難。Judging from what you say，he has done a very good job.從你的話看來，他的工作做得很不錯(cuò)。Considering

8、 that he has been in china for only a year，he speaks Chinese well.考慮到他到中國(guó)才一年，他的中國(guó)話講得很不錯(cuò)了。類似的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)尚有talking of 談起，speaking of 談到等引導(dǎo)的分詞短語(yǔ)。注二英語(yǔ)里還有一種較口語(yǔ)化的with + 名詞或代詞賓格 + 分詞 或形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)造，也往往作狀語(yǔ)用，表示伴隨情況。如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒有熄燈就睡著了。She gazed with her hands clasped to her breast.她雙手*在胸前凝視著。上述構(gòu)造中的分詞亦可用形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)代替。如：He sleeps with the windows