初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)介詞的錯(cuò)誤與糾正

1、初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)介詞的錯(cuò)誤與糾正誤We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.正We got to the top of the mountain at day break.析 at 用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如：sunrise ， midday ， noon ， sunset ， midnight ， night.誤Don t sleep at daytime正Don t sleep in daytime.析 in 要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon ， 或 in the week / month/ year

2、. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。誤We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.正We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析 in the morning ， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為 on， 如： on a cold morning ， on the morning of July 14th誤He became a writter at his twenties正He became a writ

3、ter in his twenties析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20 多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in 來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at 來(lái)表示。誤He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析 在具體年歲前用at ， 如： at the age of 12， at your age ，等等。誤We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.正We went to swim in

4、 the river on a very hot day.析 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Year s Day誤I m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正I m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用 at, Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。誤I haven t see you during the summer hol idays.正I haven t seen you since the beginning

5、 of the summer holidays.析 during 表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：I visited a lot of museumsduring the holiday. 而 for 表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：Ihaven t see you for a long time.而 through 用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為“整整，全部的時(shí)間”。如：It rained through the night. 而 since 則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。誤At entering the classroom，I heard the good new

6、s.正On entering the classroom，I heard the good news.析On加動(dòng)名詞表示“一就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如： on hearing 一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)， on arrival一至U達(dá)就 （on 表示動(dòng)作的名詞）誤In the beginning of the book，there are some interesting stories.正At the beginning of the book，there are some interesting stories.析 at the begining 與 at the end 都是

7、指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍，而in thebeginning 則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。in the end = at last 是指"最終，終于”之意。誤Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.正By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.析 by 引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為“不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如：I ll be there by five o clock. 而

8、till 則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：Iwon t finish this work till （ until ） next weekend.誤He came to London before last weekend.正He had come to London before last weekend.正He came to London two weeks ago.析 before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago 則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。誤I have studied English for three years gi

9、nceIhad come here.正I have studied English for three years sinceIcame here.since 用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in 而不要用after. 其I found a

10、job in即三天之后的哪一原因有二， after 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)，如： I arrived in New York. After three daysthe bank. after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in.誤 Three days after he died.正 After three days he died.正 Three days later he died.析 after 與 later 都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而 later 在

11、時(shí)間詞后。She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself behind the tree.析 after 多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如： I run after him. Afterfinishing my homework ， I went to see a film. 而 behind 則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。誤There is a beautiful bird on the tree.正There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析 樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹(shù)葉要用on， 而其他外來(lái)的人、

12、物體均要用in the tree.誤 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shanghai is in the east of China.析 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3 個(gè)介詞：in ， on ， to. in 表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on 表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to 則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.誤I arrived at New York on July 2nd.正I arrived in New York on July 2nd.at 用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方，而 in 用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at 常用于 at the scho

13、ol gate ， at home，at a bus stop ， at the station ， at the cinema ， at a small village.He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.at the foot of在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at ， 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the streetthe mountain ， at the top of the page.誤There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.T

14、here is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.誤doctor s誤在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用This weekend IThis weekend Iin ，而墻的外角用ll stay in Uncle Wangll stay at Uncle Wang要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at the booksellerat ，如：at a tailors （在書(shū)店）如:s.s.Do you know there is some good news on todayDo you know there is some good news in today在報(bào)紙

15、上的新聞要用in ， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用The school will begin on September 1st.School will begin on September 1st.There is a tree at theshop （裁縫店）= at uncle Wang ss newspaper？s newspaper？atcorner of the street.a tailor s，at the（在王叔叔家）on.析 這里的 school 應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table （

16、吃飯），WhenI came to Tom s home， they were attable. 還有： at desk （學(xué)習(xí)），at work （工作）at school （上學(xué)），in hospital （住醫(yī)院）atchurch 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。In my way to the stationI bought a newspaper to kill time.On my way to the stationI bought a newspaper to kill

17、time.析譯文為：在去車(chē)站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光"在的路上"應(yīng)用 on one 's way -而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way.誤 Look ， the door is open ， Maybe someone broke into.Look ， the door is open ， Maybe someone broke in.Look ， the door is open ， Maybe someone broke into the office.析 in 是表

18、達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與 break 連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而 into 則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與 break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。誤I llleaveBeijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正I llleaveBeijing for Shanghai.正I llleavefor Shanghai.析 leave for 是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將 for 改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：startfor 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for ， sail for.誤I m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.正I m sor

19、ry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.析 get in ， 與 get out 是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車(chē)，而get out 為下車(chē)，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in 與 out 為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We d better get in. 或 We d better getout. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車(chē)：get on off ( a train ， a ship ， a struck ) get into out of ( a car，taxi )誤 Be careful The temperature of the

20、water is ninety degrees over zero.正 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.析over與above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above. 而泛指上方時(shí)用over.誤There is an old stone bridge above the river.正There is an old stone bridge over the river.析over還有一意為“跨越，橫跨”。誤The Dead Sea is

21、 under the sea level.正The Dead Sea is below the sea level.析 在垂直下方要用below. 也就是講above 與 below 互為反意詞，over 與 under 也是反意詞。誤There is a big tree in the front of the house.正There is a big tree in front of the house.析 in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driversits in the front of the bus.誤

22、It took them two days to walk across the forest.正It took them two days to walk through the forest.析across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思： 橫過(guò)，如：I want to walk across the street. 對(duì) 面，如：There is a post office across the street，而 through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across 則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mothe

23、r.誤 The sun sets toward the west.正 The sun sets in the west.析 towards 也可用作toward ，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward（ s ） the mountain. 而在表示方位east ， west ， north ， south 時(shí)，其前面要用in. 要注意的是這4 個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south. 也可用作形容詞，如：Iwent to the south part of China.誤 Do you hav

24、e no other clothes except those？正 Do you have no other clothes besides those？析 beside 是 “在旁邊”, 如： The students stood beside their teachers.而 besides 是"除之外，不僅而且,除了以外還有» ,如： I studied English besides French ,when I was in college. 而 except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如： I comehere every day except Sunda

25、y. 而 except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如： The room is clean except for two chairs.而except that 則要加從句。誤 Can I write the exam paper with ink ？正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen ？正 Can I write the exam paper in ink ？析 with 后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in.誤I m earlier today. I came here by his car.正I m e arlier

26、today. I came here in his car.析 在交通工具前加介詞by， 但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=ina taxiby train=in a trainby bicycle=on a bicycleby ship=on a shipby boat=in a boatby bus=on a busby plane=on a planeby air 空運(yùn)by land 陸運(yùn)by sea 海運(yùn)on foot on horsebackby phone by letter by radioby air mail by hand誤A lot of

27、 French wines are made of grape.正A lot of French wines are made from grape.析 made of 是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from ，如： The desk was made of hard wood.誤This is a good dictionary in English grammar.正This is a good dictionary on English grammar.析 關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on 表示某專業(yè)用書(shū)，about 則為某方面的普通讀

28、物，如：This is a book about physics. 即物理科普知識(shí)。誤Do you have the key ofthe door.正Do you have the key tothe door.析key to the door 門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question ， entrance to the highway，danger to health. 千萬(wàn)不要用of.誤 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.Today a lot of Chinese p

29、eople have interest in collecting stamps.have interest in是在某方面有興趣。誤I didn t do my homework ，so the teacher was angry to me.正I didn t do my homework ，so the teacher was angry with me.析be angry with 其后接人，而be angry at 其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.誤He was good for skating.正 He was good at skatin

30、g.析 be good at 為“擅長(zhǎng)某事”，而be good for somebody 為對(duì)某人很好。誤It was good to you to help my little boy.正It was good of you to help my little boy.析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如： Her mother is good to everyone.誤My parentswere verypleased at me.正My parentswere verypleased with me.正My parentswere verypleased at my studying.析bepleased with后加 somebody， 而 be pleased at 后加something.誤Heis agree with me.正Heagrees wi