動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)講解

1、動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)講解動詞的時態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在work worksamis workingarehavehas workedhavehas been doing過去workedwaswere workinghad workedhad bee n work ing將來willshall workwill beshall be workingwillshall have workedwillshallhave bee n worked非延續(xù)性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表leave離開be away (from)catch a cold 感冒have a coldbuy買havecome

2、back 回來be backborrow 借keepmarry結(jié)婚be marriedget up起床be upcome 來be hereput on上演be onget to know 知道know動詞的被動語態(tài)例句：I teach English.我教英語。（主動語態(tài)）Our English is taught by him.我們的英語是由他教的。（被動語態(tài)）總結(jié)構(gòu)：be done （每個時態(tài)的助動詞 +過去分詞）一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/ is/ are + done例句： Chinese is learnt by more and more people in the world.一般

3、過去時的被動語態(tài)was/ were + done例句： The houses were built twenty years ago.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)will /shall /be going to + be done例句： The sports meeting will be held next month.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ should+ be done例句： The car should be cleaned .常用被動語態(tài)句式1. It is believed that2. It is reported that3. It

4、 is said that人們相信 )It is believed that the secret will be fo und out.人們相信秘密會被揭開。 據(jù)報道()It is reported that a new airport will be built next year.據(jù)報道明年將建一座機場。據(jù)說(It is said that we will have a new classmate.據(jù)說我們將有一位新同學(xué)。狀語從句及頻度副詞1. 原因狀語從句 because直接原因，語氣最重，必然結(jié)果，用Why提問）Mr. Wright will sell it because it d

5、oesn' t work.sin ce（已然知曉，顯然原因，側(cè)重主句，語氣稍弱）Since every one is here, let' s begi n our meeti ng.as（從句原因，主句結(jié)果，從主并重，口氣較強）As it is raining heavily, we won' t go to the seaside.for（并列連詞，附加推斷，不放句首，逗號分開）It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.Ex. 1) He asked for leavehe went to

6、 see a doctor.A. because B. when C. untilD. if2. 結(jié)果狀語從句sothat/ suchthatEx. 1) She has bee nsickshe canght' ndwzork ri2) Quasimodo isan ugly manhe is afraid to meet people.3. 目的狀語從句Ex. 1) You ' d better speak louderyou can be heard by all.A. thoughB. so thatC. in caseD. un til2) Please rem in

7、d me of the meet ing aga in tomorrowI forget. (2008)A. thoughB. so thatC. in caseD. un tilso that辨析He spoke clearly, so that we heard him.結(jié)果狀語從句（so that前有，）he spoke clearly so that we could hear him.目的狀語從句（沒有,）4.讓步狀語從句Ex. 1) he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot ofexperie nee.

8、A. SinceB. U nlessC. As D. Although2)AII people,they are old or youn g, rich or poor, have bee n trying theirbest to help those in n eed since the disaster.A. eve n ifB. whether C. no matter D. however5. 條件狀語從句Ex. 1) You will be lateyou leave immediately.A. orB. ifC. un tilD. unl ess2) I won ' t

9、 call you,something unexpected happens.A. unl essB. whether C. because D. while6. 時間狀語從句Ex. 1) I ' ll let yow he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although2) You can ' t have this football backyou promise not to kick it at my catagain, ' the old man said angrily.A. because

10、 B. sinceC. whe nD. un til3) He was about halfway through his meala familiar voice came to hisears.A. whyB. whereC. whe nD. while頻度副詞的準(zhǔn)確使用100% all the time90%almost, always80%usually60-70%ofte n40-50%sometimes(多一點 ), from time to time5%rarely, hardly, seldom0%n everneither nor與 either or 的區(qū)另Ueither.

11、or.意為"或者或者；不是就是"意。1. 表示“兩者之一”，連接句子中兩個并列的成分。例如： When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.那個女孩高興時，不是唱就是跳。（此句中either.or連接兩個動詞，因為主語是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語動詞要用其相應(yīng)的形式。）2. either.or連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞應(yīng)與最近的一個主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就是我們通常說的"就近原則"。例如：Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。注

12、意：如果把上句變成一般疑問句，助動詞形式與主語you保持一致，所以要用 are提問，而不是am。例如： Are either you or I going there tomorrow?明天是你還是我去那里？單獨使用either，其意為"兩者中的任何一個"。例如： There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道兩邊有許多商店。There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道兩邊有許多商店。neither.nor.是either.or.的否定形式，表示&quo

13、t;既不也不"其含義是否定的，可連接任意兩個并列的成份。例如：Neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不擅長繪畫。連接兩個主語時，也應(yīng)遵循"就近原則”。例如： Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。若將neither.nor.句型變?yōu)榭隙ň洌恍璋?neither.nor.改為both.and.即可，同時謂語動詞必須用復(fù) 數(shù)形式。例如： Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。單獨使用neither作主語，表示"兩者

14、中沒有一個"。例如： Neither of them likes football. 他們倆都不喜歡足球。Neither（nor）/ either在倒裝句中用法，表示否定的“也”。例句：I don ' t like m. Neither does she./ Nor does she. 我不喜歡牛奶，她也是。=I don ' t like mShe doesn ' t either.其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Neither/ No葉助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/ be動詞+主語。主語+ 助動詞 not + either。補充：倒裝句中表示肯定的“也”例句：I will go shoppi

15、ng tomorrow. She will, too. = So will she.我明天要去購物，她也是。三星筆試相近詞匯辨析used to do sth過去習(xí)慣做某事（只能用于過去時，表示過去經(jīng)常做的事， to后面跟動詞原形）be/ get used to sth/ doing sth習(xí)慣于某事/做某事（有時態(tài)變化）1. Hego to bed very late whe n he was young.2. Hethe weather in Sha nghai.look for尋找find找到find out找出；查出；發(fā)現(xiàn)1. They' rea place to live.2.

16、 Hehis pen in the can tee n.3. How did youher new home address?fit合適（多指大小、尺寸合適）match相襯；相配（多指顏色、大小等方面的搭配）suit合適（多指顏色、花樣或款式合適）1. The jacket doesn ' tme.2. He bought a new shirt tothe tie.3. The color doesn ' thim.atte nd參加（多指出席會議、聽報告等）join成為的一員；加入（某團體等）（join the army）參車；join the party 入黨take p

17、art in參加（多指參加活動）1. Many peoplethe meet ing last Friday.2. Did youthe lecture this morning?3. Why notus to the party?4. Hethe party ten years ago.5. How many peoplethe sports meeti ng?lose丟失；輸?shù)簦?減少（主語是人）lose one's way迷路miss ing丟失（主語是物）miss丟失；錯過；懷念1. I ' vemy way.2. I ' vemy pen.3. My pen4

18、. I got up so late that Ithe school bus this morning.forget忘記某事或某物（forget to do sth ）忘記去做某事（指事情 沒有做），forget doing sth忘記做過某事（指事情已經(jīng)做 了）leave把某物或某人留在某處1. I haveyour teleph one nu mber.2. Ito write my n ame on the paper.3. Isee ing him yesterday.4. Imy no tebook at home.cost需花費；價錢為； 使損失（常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：sth cost （

19、sb） some mon ey（）pay付款(常用結(jié)構(gòu)為： sb pays some money for sth)spe nd花費（既可表示花費金錢，也可表示花費時間，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為： sb spe nds some money /time on sth/ （in） doing sthtake花費（既可表示花費金錢，也可表示花費時間，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為： it takes sb some time/ money to do sth）1. The metalus 10(|ua n.2. I10yua n for the pen.3. Heallhis money (in) buying the newbike.4. Don' ttoo much time on computer games.5. Itmetwo hours to fin ish my homewo