202X_202X學(xué)年高中英語Module1EuropeSectionⅡGrammar課件外研版必修3

1、-1-Section Grammar自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)一二一、閱讀“Great European Cities”,根據(jù)漢語提示,用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.最受游客歡迎的旅游景點是埃菲爾鐵塔,它是巴黎著名的象征。The most popular place for tourists (be) the Eiffel Tower,the famous symbol of Paris.2.法國大約三分之二的藝術(shù)家和作家都住在巴黎。About two-thirds of Frances artists and writers (live) in Paris.3.巴塞羅那最著名的標(biāo)志性建筑之一就是圣家大教堂,

2、這座教堂是由建筑師安東尼奧高迪設(shè)計的。One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia,which (design) by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.is livewas designed自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)一二4.佛羅倫薩最漂亮的繪畫和雕塑中有許多都是由像列奧納多達(dá)芬奇和米開朗琪羅這樣偉大的藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作的。Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures (produce) by grea

3、t artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.5.每年都有約一百萬游客來佛羅倫薩參觀這兒的美術(shù)館、教堂和博物館。Florence (visit) each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries,churches and museums.6.雅典是希臘的首都,作為西方文明的發(fā)源地而聞名于世。Athens,the capital of Greece, (know) as the birthplace of western civilisatio

4、n.were producedis visitedis known自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)一二二、單句語法填空1.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.2.Neither you nor I,nor anyone else (know) the answer.3.The basketball coach as well as his team (be) interviewed shortly after the match yesterday.4.Many a student

5、(have) made the same mistake.5.He is one of the students who (praise) at the meeting held last week.has been reached knowswashaswere praised自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)Grammar被動語態(tài)和主謂一致考點一一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(1)被動語態(tài)的概念英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動作的對象。The people make history.這個

6、句子中謂語make的動作是由主語The people來執(zhí)行的。History is made by the people.這個句子中History是動詞make的承受者。(2)在如下情況下多用被動語態(tài)不知動作的執(zhí)行者;無須知道動作的執(zhí)行者;強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)語法填空Printing (introduce) into Europe from China.印刷術(shù)是由中國傳入歐洲的。Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We (treat) well by our hosts.你在聚會上玩得開心嗎?是的,我們得到了主人很好的款待。答案:was introducedw

7、ere treated自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(3)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時的注意事項若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,該不定式前要加“to”,此類動詞為感官動詞(feel,hear,listen to,look at,observe,see,notice及watch)或使役動詞(make/have/let)。若主動語態(tài)謂語動詞中含情態(tài)動詞,由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。謂語為動詞短語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要保留后面的介詞或副詞。接雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,通常將間接賓語改為主語;當(dāng)用直接賓語(物)作主語時,動詞后要用介詞,這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定的。自主預(yù)習(xí)合

8、作學(xué)習(xí)把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)We saw him break into the office.He was seen into the office.We cant laugh at him.He cant at by us.They take good care of children in this kindergarten.Children in this kindergarten good care of by them.We agree that the human eyes can tell 10 million different colours.It that the huma

9、n eyes can tell 10 million different colours.自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)He gave his mother a present for her birthday.His mother a present by him for her birthday.I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds.A house to him by me for 1,000 pounds.答案:to breakbe laughedare takenis agreedwas givenwas offered自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(4)常用主動形式表示被

10、動的幾種情況表示開始、結(jié)束和開關(guān)意義的一類動詞,如start,begin,end,stop,finish,open,close等。表示主語狀態(tài)和特征的系動詞后接形容詞作表語時,用主動形式表示被動。如look,smell,sound,taste,feel等。表示主語狀態(tài)和特征的某些動詞后接副詞作程度狀語時,用主動形式表示被動。常見的此類動詞有read,write,lock,sell,keep,clean,wash,wear,drive,operate等。在need,require,want,worth (形容詞),deserve后接動詞-ing形式時,用主動形式表示被動。由blame,let(出

11、租)等構(gòu)成不定式作表語時,用主動形式表示被動。不定式跟在形容詞difficult,hard,fit,easy,impossible,dangerous等后作狀語時,用主動形式表示被動。自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)語法填空The supermarket (open) early in the morning and (close) late in the evening.This news (sound) encouraging,but we are not encouraged.This kind of cloth (wash) easily.This book is well worth (read).

12、The father was (blame) for the spoiled boy.The air here is fresh(breathe).答案:opens;closessoundswashesreadingto blameto breathe自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)考點二主謂一致(1)當(dāng)主語由and連接時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果它表示多個概念,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法填空A teacher and a writer (be) present at the meeting.一位教師和一位作家出席了這次會議。答案:were(2)the rest of/half of修

13、飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞數(shù)的形式與名詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。語法填空The rest of the boys (start) to sing and jump happily and noisily.剩下的男孩開始高興地、喧鬧地又唱又跳起來。答案:were starting自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(3)集合名詞(enemy/army/class/team/family/couple/police等)被視為一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;強(qiáng)調(diào)若干個體時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法填空The young couple always (quarrel) with each other about money.這

14、對年輕夫婦總是為錢而吵架。答案:are;quarrelling(4)表示金錢、時間、價格或度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,通常把這些名詞看作一個整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。語法填空Ten dollars (be) too cheap for this pair of boots.這雙靴子10美元太便宜了。答案:is自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(5)當(dāng)主語后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as,like,rather than等詞連接的短語時,謂語動詞數(shù)的形式與前面的主語的數(shù)一致。語法填空Our school,together w

15、ith many schools, (be) built in the 1950s.我們學(xué)校和許多學(xué)校一樣,建于20世紀(jì)50年代。答案:was自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(6)在一些短語如 many a 或 more than one等所修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式;但由more than.of 作主語時,動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。語法填空More than one student punished just because of breaking the school rules last week.上周不止一個學(xué)生因為違反學(xué)校規(guī)定而受到懲罰。More than 60 percent

16、 of the workers (be) from the countryside.百分之六十以上的工人都來自農(nóng)村。答案:wasare自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(7)every.and every.,each.and each.,many a.and many a., no.and no.等修飾單數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。語法填空Each boy and each girl (wish) to attend the party.每個男孩和女孩都希望參加這個聚會。答案:wishes(8)由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體,如trousers,shoes,pants,shorts,glasses等,這樣的名詞作主語時,謂

17、語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但如果這類名詞前由a pair of/pairs of修飾,謂語動詞數(shù)的形式取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法填空This pair of trousers (be) too long for you.這條褲子對你來說太長了。答案:is自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(9)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞數(shù)的形式取決于名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。語法填空Forty percent of the students in our school (be) girls.我們學(xué)校百分之四十的學(xué)生是女生。答案:are(10)由kind,form,type,sort,species,series,a

18、mount等修飾名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞數(shù)的形式通常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。語法填空All kinds of difficulties (have) to be overcome.必須克服各種各樣的困難。答案:have自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(11)“a+單數(shù)名詞+or two”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;“one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法填空A student or two or three (allow) here,and one or two reasons (suggest) last Friday.上周五允許一兩名、兩三名學(xué)生在這里,并且提出了一兩條理由。答

19、案:was allowed;were suggested(12)there be句型的主語有兩個以上時,謂語動詞與鄰近的主語一致。語法填空There (be)an old pine tree and three willow trees in front of the house.房子前面有一棵老松樹和三棵柳樹。答案:is自主預(yù)習(xí)合作學(xué)習(xí)(13)當(dāng)either.or.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.或not.but.連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子由here,there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。語法填空 (have) either you or he been to the library?你或者他去過圖書館嗎?答案:Have(14)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)從句中含有附屬意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)或表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法填空What we need (be)effective