主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致

1、主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致.1 .主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系：謂語(yǔ)要與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致：Herdreamshavecometrue.Herdreamhascometrue.Sheoftenarrivesatschoollate.Theyoftenarriveatschoollate.Itisgettingdark.Eggsaregettingscarcer.Iamgettingbored.2 .確定主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的三個(gè)原那么：2-1.語(yǔ)法上一致的原那么：Theboyplaysfootballwell.Theboysplayfootballwell.Itisbitterlycold.Iamverycold.

2、2-2.概念上一致的原那么：Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.旨家中的全體成員,有復(fù)數(shù)含義Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.指整個(gè)家,用作單數(shù)Fiveminutesisenough.b個(gè)時(shí)間段,看作單數(shù)Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.6旨全體ffiM,復(fù)數(shù)2-3.鄰近詞一致的原那么：Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.Ei

3、theryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.-whatsworthvisitingthere?-well,thereSthepark,thecastleandthemuseum.3.主謂一致的具體原那么：3-1.根據(jù)語(yǔ)法一致的原那么確定謂語(yǔ)形式：?jiǎn)螖?shù)主語(yǔ)+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)Theteacherencouragesthestudentstospeakfreely.Mywagesarelow,butmetaxesarehigh.Their

4、househasnineroom.Italwayspaystogiveyourpaperonefinalcheck.在主語(yǔ)+系詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中,系動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致,不受其表語(yǔ)的影響.Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.Whatweneedmostisbooks.Paulisfriendswithbill.在單數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ))+(together)with+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)只與主語(yǔ)保持一致,這是由于上述短語(yǔ)只起修飾主語(yǔ)的作用,而非主語(yǔ)的一局部.短語(yǔ)：Alongwit

5、h,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswellasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretariesjsgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,_wassenttohelpinthiswork.Theteacher

6、,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.Mr.Robbins,accompaniedbyhiswifeJsarrivingtonight.3-2主語(yǔ)含有and時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeRs.JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriends.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.如果由and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人或物事,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

7、用單數(shù).Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+單數(shù)名詞人+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人身兼兩種職務(wù).A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)指不同職務(wù)的兩個(gè)人.Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.一下已被看成一個(gè)整體,因而做主

8、語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbuttersourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenatioanlflagofUSA.Thesumandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiwar.主語(yǔ)為every/each+單數(shù)名詞+and+(ever

9、y/each+)單數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.EachboyandgirLwosgivenabook.Eachbookandeachpapersheldinplace.EveryminuteandeverysecondJsprecious.主語(yǔ)為形容詞+and+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：并且是涉及到該名詞的品種或類別時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).Chineseandbritishbeerareservedatthepub.Coolingdraftbeer_isservedatthepub.Cleveranddullstudentsare

10、treatedalike.Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.當(dāng)bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.3-3根據(jù)鄰近詞一致的原那么確定謂語(yǔ)形式：用or連接兩個(gè)名代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),依據(jù)鄰近原那么確定謂語(yǔ)形式.GeorgeorTomjswanted.GeorgeorIamwrong.Wereyouorhethere?用eitheror連接連個(gè)名代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),鄰近原那么.EitherJohnorhisfriendsa

11、retoblameforthebadresults.Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterjsagoodbuy.Notonlybutalso；notbut連接兩個(gè)名代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),鄰近原那么.NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherjs_invitedtotheparty.3-4謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式的情況：動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)詞不定式或主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ).Reasingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tolivemeanstocreat.Thatweneedmoretimejsobv

12、ious.數(shù)詞或數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示時(shí)間,距離,金額,重量,大小,體積等作主語(yǔ).EighthoursofsleepJsenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesjsquiteadrive,isriit?Fivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語(yǔ).ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheTimeshasalargeci

13、rculation.manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ).Manyalittlemakesamickle.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意義的詞組,如：aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主語(yǔ).Aflockofbirdsjscirclingoverhead.Theherdofcattlejsbreakingaway.3-5謂語(yǔ)用

14、復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況：trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,scissors,pincer,tongs,glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;一般都用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)這些詞前面有單數(shù)量詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式.Wherearemyscissors?Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.有些集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ).Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,peopled；Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingintothem

15、atter.“everal/(a)few/both/many+(of+)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或上述詞單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Severalofyou_needtoworkharder.Severalhavealreadywrittentome.3-6謂語(yǔ)用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可的情況：有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Means,works,tidings,headquarter等；Thefirmsheadquartersare/isinLondon.Thegoodtidingcome/comestoolate.Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwh

16、athappened.Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.數(shù)詞組成的數(shù)學(xué)算式作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)亦可:Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twicetwomake/makesfour.一些復(fù)數(shù)形式疾病名稱作主語(yǔ),通常用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)也可以.Themeaslesisaninfectious川ness.Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.3-7不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式：由any,some,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的部分,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).Somebody,anyone,nothing,ev

17、eryone1;Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.Theressomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.each,each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.Eachboyhastriedtwice.Each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)之后,不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù),e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.Either,neither作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)一

18、局部時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式：Eitherisacceptable.Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?Neitheris/aretoblame.Neitheransweriscorrect.Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否認(rèn)或疑問(wèn)句時(shí),特別在口語(yǔ)中,也可以跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ).All,some,more,most作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)一局部時(shí)上述+不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；上述+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Allhopehasgone.Somemo

19、neywasspentonbooks.AllroadsleadtoRome.MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.Allisgoingwell.Theressomeinthepot.Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.Allareagreedonthispoint.Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareagainstit.All,some,more,most與of連用時(shí):同樣原那么；Allofthisisyours.Someo

20、fthebookisgood.Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.None作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)一局部時(shí)：-Isthereanymilkinthecup?-No,thereisnone.Nonehavearrived.Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.“l(fā)oneof+名詞作主語(yǔ)：Noneofusisperfect.Noneoftheguestswa

21、nttostay.Noneofthismoneyisyours.Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.Any用作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)一局部：Anyisbetterthannone.Anyisgoodenoughforme.Givemesomeifthereare/isany.Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.Anychildwantstoknowthat.Therearescarcelyanyflowersinthegarden.Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.Idontthinkanyofusw

22、ant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?Half用作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)一局部：Halfwasdamaged.Halfarehere.Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andheresyourhalf.Halfhistimewaswasted.Halfthesoldierswerekilled.Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfoftheapplewasrotten.Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.Halfofthefruit

23、isbad.Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfofthemarehere.Halfoftheplumsarebad.Enough作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的一局部：Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.Thereareenoughplayersforagame.3-8表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式：Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分?jǐn)?shù)詞+of,aqua

24、ntityof,quantitiesof作主語(yǔ)的一局部時(shí)：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.Agreatdealof,anamountof,(a)littleof,muchof與不可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfor

25、table.Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).Therewereagreat(good)manypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ),由于thenumberof的詞義為“的數(shù)目,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.3-9therebe句型中的謂語(yǔ)形式：Therebe句型中,b

26、e的形式通常取決于be后的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)；Therearentanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisntanymailforyoutoday.ThereYesomegoodprogramsonTV.非正式英語(yǔ)中,如果therebe后是由and連接的并列主語(yǔ),可以用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ),也可以依據(jù)鄰近詞一致的原那么來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)形式.Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.Thereisabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.3-10需經(jīng)判斷來(lái)確定句子的謂語(yǔ)形式：1 .集合名詞作主語(yǔ)如果集合名詞被看作

27、是一個(gè)整體,或一個(gè)組織,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theaudiencewasrathersmall.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.如果著重其各組成局部或成員的行動(dòng),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Theclasswereallcheerful.Theaudiencewereexcitedbyhisspeech.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplays.常用集合名詞：Army,audience,club,class,committee,crew,faculty,troop,group,organization,government,jury,public,school,staff,team等；2 .物主代詞作主語(yǔ)Mineisanewbike.Theirsareoldbikes.3 .the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)指人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Therichgetricherandthep