動(dòng)名詞的用法及練習(xí)題

1、動(dòng)名詞的用法1動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,否認(rèn)形式為notdoing,具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì),在句中起名詞作用,可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ).1作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái),所以,動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情.例如：Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí).Smokingmaycausecancer.吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥.ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.乘火車(chē)到杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí).Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.游泳可以開(kāi)展肌肉.動(dòng)名詞

2、作主語(yǔ)時(shí),對(duì)于一些比擬長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),一般采用Itis?和Thereis兩種句式來(lái)表示.例如：Ittakesmetenminutestogethomefrommyoffice.我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘.Itneedstimetomakethreecopiesofit.把它復(fù)制三份需要時(shí)間.Itsnicetalkingwithyou.和你談話(huà)很快樂(lè).Itsnousearguingwithhim.跟他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)用.Itisnousesendinghimover.Itstoolatealready.派他去沒(méi)用,已經(jīng)太晚了.Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyi

3、ntime.要把一切按時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好很困難.Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.等他是沒(méi)有用的.Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒(méi)好處的.Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.用這種方法去測(cè)量光速是危險(xiǎn)的.Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢(xún)一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑.Thereisnojokingabouts

4、uchmatters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑.Thereisnoharmindoingso.這樣做沒(méi)有害處.Thereisnolitteringabout.不許亂扔雜物.2作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況并不是很普遍,一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),表readingmaterial閱讀材料floatingneedle浮針listeningaid助聽(tīng)器runningwater自來(lái)水workingpeople勞動(dòng)人民示用于的或表示處于某件事情中的含義.例如：swimmingpool游泳池walkingstick手杖openingspeech開(kāi)幕詞waitingroom候車(chē)室developingcountries開(kāi)

5、展中國(guó)家sleepingchild熟睡孩子3作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),表達(dá)的是“某件事等.例如：Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.動(dòng)名詞他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷(xiāo)新產(chǎn)品.Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterexten動(dòng)名詞讀書(shū)當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí),然而運(yùn)用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí).Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.動(dòng)名詞他們的任務(wù)是在西部探查油礦.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),容易與

6、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相混淆.記?。簞?dòng)名詞表語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是“某件事與不定式短語(yǔ)的意義相近,而現(xiàn)在分詞表語(yǔ)表示“具有某個(gè)作用.例如：Thesituationisverymuchencouraging.現(xiàn)在分詞形勢(shì)非常令人鼓舞.Hispresentjobisnotthatstimulatingasheexpected.現(xiàn)在分詞他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性.Theirplanistobuildanotherdormitoryfortheirstaffthisyear.不定式他們的方案是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓.Hiswishistobecomeapilot.不定式他的愿望是當(dāng)飛行員.4作賓語(yǔ).如：Heisf

7、ondofplayingfootball.Ilikeswimming. admit,appreciateavoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escapeexcuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,putoff,resist,risk,suggestcanthelp情不自禁,cantstand無(wú)法忍受等動(dòng)詞成詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不能用不定式. forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop

8、,try等動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義上有區(qū)別.LetsgoonstudyingLesson6.讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課.說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了一部分.LetsgoontostudyLesson6.讓我們接著學(xué)第六課.說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了第五課.Irememberdoingtheexercise.我記得做過(guò)練習(xí).Imustremembertodoit.我必須記著做這事.Itriednottogothere.我設(shè)法不去那里.Itrieddoingitagain.我試著又干了一次.Stopspeaking.不要講話(huà).Hestoppedtotalk.他停下來(lái)講話(huà).Imeantocomeearlytoday

9、.我打算今天早些來(lái).Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.誤了這趟火車(chē)意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí). 在allow,advise,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).如：Wedontallowsmokinghere.Wedontallowstudentstosmoke. 動(dòng)詞need,require,want作“需要解,其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示事情需要做,這時(shí),動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義.beworth后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義.如：Th

10、ewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned.Hermethodisworthtrying. 在短語(yǔ)devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,thankyoufor,excusemefor,bekeptbusy,havedifficulty/trouble/problemin,haveagood/wonderful/hardtimein,theresnouse/good/n,eefdeel/seemlike/getdownto等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式,例如：Ilookforward

11、tohearingfromyousoon. 在love,hate,prefer,like等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無(wú)多大區(qū)別.有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),指一般情況,而跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指某一具體行為. start,begin,continue在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中多后接動(dòng)名詞,在口語(yǔ)中多后接不定式.但start和begin在以下情況下一般跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)；當(dāng)start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),當(dāng)后面作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表示感情、思想或意念時(shí).如：Itstartedtosnow.Heisbeginningtocookdinner.Ibegantounderstandwhathemeant. 在s

12、houldwouldlike/love等后須用不定式.5動(dòng)名詞作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作狀語(yǔ)表示在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作,它對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾和陪襯的作用.動(dòng)名詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況.Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden時(shí)間清掃完房間,我們開(kāi)始在花園里除草.Comingintotheroom,shesaweverybodyalreadyattheirwork.時(shí)間進(jìn)屋以后,她看到人人都在工作.Beingill,hecouldntgotoschool.原因由于生病,他不能去上學(xué).Havingnointeresti

13、nthetopic,hedidntgotothelecture.原因由于對(duì)這個(gè)話(huà)題沒(méi)有興趣,他沒(méi)去參加講座.Workingdiligently,youwillcertainlysucceed.條件只要刻苦學(xué)習(xí),你會(huì)成功的.Usingatomicenergy,wecanbuildspaceships.條件利用原子能,我們能夠建造太空船.Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,thereisstillsomethingtobedesired讓步盡管成績(jī)是巨大的,但仍有一些要求改良的東西.結(jié)果我的車(chē)被交通擁擠我們坐火車(chē)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了好多城Mycarwascaughtinatraff

14、icjam,thuscausingthedelay.堵住,所以延誤了.Travelingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.方式市.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.伴隨瑪麗坐在教室的窗戶(hù)旁,正在讀一本書(shū).6動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)和形容詞的功能是相似的.動(dòng)名詞可以單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ),如：asmilingface笑臉aleadingfigure領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物動(dòng)名詞還能構(gòu)成合成詞作定語(yǔ),如：easy-goingman好說(shuō)話(huà)的人swimmingpool游泳池sleeping-pill安眠藥片dining-car餐車(chē)當(dāng)分詞短

15、語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句.ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.=Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火車(chē).Therearetworoadsbeforeus,oneleadingtothebeach,theothertothepark.=Therearetworoadsbeforeus,onewhichleadstothebeach,theothertothepark.在我們面前有兩條路,一條通向沙灘,另一條通向公園.2,練習(xí)題I、單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Nooneen

16、joysat.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed2. Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin3. Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven4. -Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.-Youshouldnthaveleftithere.Remember

17、itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking5. HisroomneedsA.painting；paintedB.painted；painting,sohemusthaveitC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted6. Afterfinishinghishomeworkhewentonalettertohisparents.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.towrite7. Theyoungtreesweplantedlastw

18、eekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof8.OnlyEnglishdoesntmeanthelanguage.A.tolearn；tolearnB.learning；learningC.learningabout；learnD.learningabout；learning9.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed10.She

19、decidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study11. Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.beputback12. Assheislookingforwardtofromme,pleaserememberthisletteronyourwaytoschool.A.hear；postB.hearing；topostC.beheard；postingD.behearing

20、；toposting13. Grandmasaidthatshehadalotoftroubleyourhandwriting.A.toreadB.toseeC.readingC.inseeing14. WritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15. Weappreciateustotheball.A.themtoinviteB.toinviteC.theirinvitingD.beinginvited16. Wouldyoumindquietforamoment?Imtryingaform.A.keeping；f

21、illingoutB.tokeep；tofilloutC.keeping；tofilloutD.tokeep；fillingout17. Hewasafraidforbeinglate.A.ofseeingB.ofbeingseenC.tobeseenD.tohaveseen18.1 dliketosuggestthemeetingtillnextweek.A.toputoffB.puttingoffC.putoffD.tobeputoff19.1 dontseehowIcouldpossiblymanagetheworkwithoutA.finish；helpingB.tofinish；be

22、inghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped20. Anythingworthisworthyofwell.A.doing；beingdoneB.doing；doingC.tobedone；tobedoneD.tobedone；beingdone21. Weadvisedthemtotakeare159st,buttheyinsistedthework.A.finishB.tofinishC.infinishingD.onfinishing22. IdelayedyourletterbecauseIhadbeenawayforaweek

23、.A.answe1ab1rB.answeringC.writingD.topost23. Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoescapebythepolice.A.tobecaughtB.becaughtC.beingcaughtD.catching24. Isearchedformywalletanditwasntthere.Atfirst,IthoughtIitathome.ThenIremembereditouttopayforthetaxi.A.musthaveleft；totakeB.mayleave；takingC.mightleave；totakeD.c

24、ouldhaveleft；taking25. thenewsofhisfathersdeath,heburstintotears.A.AfterhearingB.OnhearingC.WhilehearingD.Havingheard26. hismother,thebabycouldnothelp.A.Tosee；tolaughB.Seeing；tolaughC.Seeing；laughingD.Tosee；laughing27.1 tsnousesomuchmoneyonclothes.A.spendB.spentC.spendingD.beingspent28.Thesentencene

25、eds.A.improveB.aimprovementC.improvingD.improved29.1 fhesucceededajob,hischildrenwouldntbesufferingfromhungernow.A.tofindB.tolookforC.infindingD.inlookingfor30.IstillremembertomyhometownwhenIwasyoung.A.takingB.takenC.beingtakenD.totakeU、填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式：1. Canyouimagineyourselfinalonelyisland?(stay)2. Icantunderstandyouratthatpoorchild.(laugh)3. Shedidntmindovertime.(work)4