華南理工大學 機械 教學大綱

1、畫法幾何及機械制圖教學大綱總學時：104 理論課學時：72 實驗課學時：32一、 課程的性質本課程是機械類各專業(yè)的一門必修的技術基礎課。它研究解決空間幾何問題以及繪制和閱讀工程圖樣的理論和方法。本課程的主要任務是（1） 學習投影法（主要是正投影法）的基本理論及其應用。（2） 培養(yǎng)對三維形狀與相關位置的空間邏輯思維和形象思維能力。（3） 培養(yǎng)空間幾何問題的圖解能力。（4） 培養(yǎng)繪制和閱讀機械圖樣的基本能力。（5） 培養(yǎng)計算機繪畫工程圖樣的技能。此外，在教學過程中還必須有意識地培養(yǎng)自學能力，分析問題和解決問題的能力，以及認真負責的工作態(tài)度和嚴肅細致的工作作風。二、 課程的目的與教學基本要求本課程包

2、括畫法幾何、制圖基礎、機械圖和計算機繪圖基礎四部分，具體內容與要求如下：緒論明確本課程的地位、性質、任務、發(fā)展方向和學習方法。（一） 畫法幾何 學習用正投影法表達空間幾何形體和圖解簡單空間幾何問題的基本理論和方法。1. 投影的基本知識 建立中心投影和平行投影（正投影和斜投影）的明確概念。2. 點、直線和平面的投影 掌握點、直線、平面在第一角中各種位置的投影特性和作圖方法（平面以點、直線、平面圖形表示為主）；掌握直線傾角、線段真長和平面圖形真形的求法。3. 點、直線、平面的相對位置（1） 掌握直線上的點的投影特性，及在平面上作點、作直線的方法。（2） 掌握兩平行、相交、交叉直線以及一邊平行于投影

3、面的直角的投影特性。（3） 掌握直線與平面之間及二平面之間的平行、相交、垂直的投影特性及作圖方法。（4） 掌握點、直線、平面之間的定位問題及度量問題的解法。4. 投影變換掌握換面法及其應用。5. 立體的投影（1） 掌握平面立體和曲面立體的投影特性和作圖方法。（2） 能分析平面立體和曲面立體與平面的截交線的性質，掌握作截交線的基本方法（截平面以特殊位置為主）（3） 掌握平面立體與曲面立體及兩曲面立體的相貫線的作圖方法（兩曲面立體相貫時，至少有一個立體的軸線垂直于投影面）6. 軸測投影（1） 建立軸測投影的基本概念，了解軸向變形系數(shù)和軸間角的幾何意義。（2） 掌握正等測和斜二測的畫法。（二） 制圖

4、基礎 培養(yǎng)用儀器和徒手繪圖的能力，以及繪制和閱讀投影圖的能力。1. 制圖的基本知識和基本技能（1） 能正確使用繪圖工具和儀器，掌握常用的幾何作圖方法，做到作圖準確，圖線分明，字體工整，整潔美觀；會分析和標注平面圖形尺寸。（2） 遵守機械制圖國家標準的基本規(guī)定。（3） 掌握徒手畫草圖的技巧。2. 投影制圖（1） 能運用形體分析和線面分析方法進行組合體的畫圖、讀圖和尺寸標注，做到投影正確、尺寸齊全、清晰。（2） 掌握各種視圖、剖視圖、剖面圖的畫法，以及常用的簡化畫法和其他規(guī)定畫法，做到視圖選擇和配置恰當。（3） 通過投影制圖的實踐，進一步提高空間邏輯思維和形象思維的能力。（三） 機械圖 培養(yǎng)繪制和

5、閱讀零件圖和裝配圖的基本能力。1. 零件圖 (1) 了解零件圖的作用與內容，能正確繪制和閱讀中等復雜程度的零件圖（視圖不少于4個）。(2) 尺寸標注完全、清晰、符合標準。(3) 能注寫已知的表面粗糙度符號、尺寸公差與配合代號。2. 標準件和常用件（1）掌握螺紋、常用螺紋緊固件及其連接的規(guī)定畫法，并能按已知條件進行標注。（2）掌握圓柱齒輪及其嚙合的畫法。3. 裝配圖 了解裝配圖的作用與內容，能正確繪制和閱讀中等復雜程度的裝配圖（裝配體中有非標準零件1015件左右），閱讀的裝配圖應比繪制的復雜一些；有關作業(yè)包括二裝（測繪或拼畫二個部件裝配圖）和二拆（由裝配圖拆畫零件圖）。（四）計算機繪圖利用繪圖軟

6、件，掌握計算機繪畫工程圖樣的技能。1. 熟練掌握平面幾何圖形的作圖方法。2. 掌握計算機繪畫零件圖的方法，包括視圖、尺寸標注及技術要求的注寫。3. 了解計算機繪畫裝配圖的方法。三、 課程適用專業(yè)機械類各專業(yè)四、 課程的教學內容、要求與學時分配1 理論教學部分：學時安排：序號教 學 內 容學時1緒論，點、直線及平面的投影72兩直線相對位置，直線與平面、平面與平面的相對位置43投影變換24平面立體。曲面立體的三視圖及表面，取點取線45平面與立體表面相交截交線平面與曲面立體相交相貫線86軸測投影27國家標準機械制圖摘錄，幾何作圖48組合體三視圖的畫法、尺寸注法及閱讀79機件的表達方法各種視圖、剖視圖

7、及剖面圖的畫法410零件圖的視圖選擇與尺寸標注，零件的加工工藝及工藝結構零件測繪，零件圖的閱讀811螺紋、螺紋緊固件及其連接的規(guī)定畫法圓柱齒輪及其嚙合的畫法412表面粗糙度、尺寸公差與配合代號213裝配圖視圖選擇及特殊表達方法裝配工藝結構、裝配圖尺寸標注部件測繪（或拼圖）1414閱讀裝配圖，由裝配圖拆畫零件圖1415繪圖軟件使用簡介繪圖環(huán)境、線型、字體的設置及基本圖形的繪畫216圖層的設置與應用217圖形編輯功能介紹318尺寸式樣的設置與標注119三維形體的繪畫及布爾運算320圖案填充剖面線畫法121組合體視圖的繪畫222圖形塊的生成及應用223零件圖的繪畫方法224裝配圖的繪畫方法2合 計1

8、04作業(yè)要求：教 學 內 容練 習 與 作 業(yè)畫法幾何310328，3238，332357 選2/3358372 選1/2，414354520 選2/3，520，522523投影制圖2126，524530 選2/3，61623 選3/4機械制圖8182 零件測繪 儀器圖（12）×A371711，結合零件圖、裝配圖標注9196 選23題草圖（12）×A3，儀器圖（23）×A3草圖（23）×A3 97913 儀器圖（23）×A3選23題計算機繪圖11，27 計算機繪畫“圓弧連接”1×A348，56，511，65，524，A3圖1張81 A

9、3圖1張，93 A3圖1張合 計草圖（714）×A3儀器圖（68）×A3計算機繪圖34×A32 實驗教學部分隔周安排一次上機作圖，兩次零件測繪，要求熟練掌握零件圖的手工及計算機繪制方法。五、 教材和主要參考資料本課程所用的教材為計算機工程制圖，華南理工大學出版社，陳錦昌等主編。六、 課程考核方式考試。Course SyllabusCourse TitleEngineering DrawingParticipants: undergraduate students in all mechanics majorsCourse Semester： semest

10、er 1 and semester 2, the first yearTotal Lectures： 6 lectures/week×18 weeks+ 4 lectures/week×18 weeks = 180 lecturesCredits：6Textbook： Zhong Jiaqi, Chinese-English Engineering Graphics, Higher Education Press, 2006.7.Supplementary Texts：Chen Jinchang, Computer Engineering Drawing, South Ch

11、ina University of Technology Press, 2005.7.Lin HU, Engineering Drawing (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition),     China Machine Press, 2005.9.Course Description:Engineering drawing is an application oriented course that introduces the preparation, representation and reading of engineeri

12、ng drawings. Engineering drawing, similar to characters and numbers, is one of the indispensable tools used by human for technical communication and is an important technical document in industry for design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance, so it is called as “a common technical language for

13、 engineers”. This course teaches students the related national standards in Mechanical Drawing and Technical Drawing as well as the basic engineering knowledge, basic theories of drawing preparation, regulations, up-to-date drawing technologies, etc.This course is with emphases on precise understand

14、ing and apprehension of the basic theories, procedures and skills of drawing, for students to communicate effectively with their working partners in the future. It also emphasizes on comprehension and application of various representation modes and drawing technologies, for students to have an all-r

15、ound and integrated grasp of the relationship between technology and standard in design. The difficulty of the course lies in the cultivation of spatial imagination and spatial logical thinking. A student lack of practical experience and education in manufacturing has to make great effort to learn,

16、understand and use the introduced theories and methods. Course Objectives:After completing this course, students should be able to:1) Understand and use the basic theory of orthographic projection and learn how to apply projection to view and analysis of engineering solids; 2) Comprehend the structu

17、re and the representation of engineering components.3) Have the skills in spatial-visual thought, spatial imagination, exploration and innovation.4) Read and prepare engineering drawings.5) Work with a careful, down-to-earth, meticulous, serious and faithful style and with a science spirit.Lecture C

18、ontents and Proportion:NOTES: * -The content only be introduced briefly.Chpater 1 Basic Drawing (4 lectures)1) Engineering Graphics2) Drafting Standards3) Sheet Size and Layouts4) Scales5) Lettering6) Types of lines7) Line Techniques8) Basic Dimensioning9) Dimensioning in Limited10) Dimensioning in

19、Limited Space11) View12) Freehand DrawingChpater 2 Drawing Equipment (2 lectures)1) Pencils2) T-Square and Triangles3) Triangular Scales4) Compass5) Dividers6) French CurvesChpater 3 Geometric Construction (2 lectures)1) Dividing circles into equal parts2) Drawing a line tangent to an arc or two arc

20、s3) Joining two lines with an arc4) Joining two arcs with an arc5) Ellipse construction6) Slopes and tapers7) Construction of plane figures8) Order of inkingChpater 4 One-plane Projection (4 lectures)1) Projections2) Axonometric Projection3) The Parameters of Axonometric Projection4) Axonometric Pro

21、jections of Simple Objects5) Circles in Isometric Drawing6) Circles in Cabinet DrawingChpater 5 Multiplanar Orthographic Projection (4 lectures)1) Orthographic Projection2) Projections of Points in a Three-Projection-Plane System3) Spatial Visualization of Three-plane System4) The Rules of Projectio

22、n of a Point 5) Coordinates of a Point6) Relative Positions of a Point7) First Auxiliary Projections of a Point8) Second Auxiliary Projections of a PointChpater 6 Fundamental Spatial Relationships: Lines (4 lectures)1) Projections of Lines2) Positions of Lines 3) True length Projections of a line 4)

23、 Point-wise Projection of a line 5) Property of Subordination: Points on Lines 6) Proportionality: Proportional Division of a Line 7) Parallelism: lines 8) Perpendicularity: Lines 9) The Theorem of PerpendicularityChpater 7 Fundamental Spatial Relationships: Planes (4 lectures)1) Projections of Plan

24、es 2) Positions of Planes 3) Line-wise Projection of a Plane 4) True Shape Projection of a Plane5) Property of Subordination: Points and Lines on Planes6) Proportionality: Proportional Division of a Plane 7) Parallelism: Lines and Planes/Planes 8) Perpendicularity: Special-position Planes9) Perpendi

25、cularity: Lines and Planes/Planes 10) Perpendicularity: A Pair of Perpendicular Diameters on a Circular Plane Chpater 8 Applied Spatial Relationships: Location Problems (4 lectures)1) Determination of Visibility2) Piercing Points (Special Positions)3) Piercing Points (Cutting Plane Method)4) Piercin

26、g Points (Auxiliary Projection Method)5) Intersection of Planes (Special Positions)6) Intersection of Planes (Auxiliary projection Method)7) Intersection of Planes (Cutting Plane Method) 8) Location Using LociChpater 9 Applied Spatial Relationships: Measuring Problems (4 lectures)1) Distance between

27、 Two Points2) Distance from a Point To a Plane3) Distance from a Point To a Line 4) Distance between Two Parallel Lines5) Distance between Two Skew Lines6) Angle between a Line and a Principal Projection Plane7) Angle between a Plane and a Principal Projection Plane8) Angle between Two Intersecting

28、Lines9) Angle between Two PlanesChpater 10 Basic Solids And Their Intersections (8 lectures)1) Lines of Intersection2) The Method of Finding Intersections3) Basic SolidsPrisms4) Intersection of a Line and a Prism5) Intersection of a Plane and a Prism6) Intersection of Two Prisms 7) Basic SolidsPyram

29、ids8) Intersection of a Line and a Pyramid 9) Intersection of a Plane and a Pyramid10) Intersection of a Prism and a Pyramid11) Basic SolidsCylinders12) Intersection of a Line and a Cylinder13) Intersection of a Plane and a Cylinder14) Intersection of Two Cylinders 15) Intersection of Two Cylinders

30、(Not at Right Angles) 16) Basic SolidsCones17) Intersection of a Line and a Cone18) Intersection of a Plane and a Cone19) Intersection of a Plane and a Cone (Conic Sections)20) Intersection of Two Cones 21) Intersection of a Cone and a Cylinder22) Basic SolidsSpheres23) Intersection of a Line and a

31、Sphere24) Intersection of a Plane and a Sphere25) Intersection of a Sphere and a Cylinder26) Basic SolidsTori27) Intersection of a Plane and a Torus28) Intersection of Surfaces (Special Case)Chpater 12 Composite Solids (8 lectures)1) Shape Analysis2) Making a Drawing of a Composite Solid3) Surface A

32、nalysis4) Reading a Drawing of a Composite Solid5) Constructing a Third View of a Composite Solid6) Dimensioning of Composite Solids7) Procedure in Dimensioning Composite Solids8) Axonometric Projections of Composite Solids9) Dimensions on Axonometric Projections10) Sectioning in Axonometric Project

33、ionsChpater 13 Representation of drawings (10 lectures)1) Principal Views and Reference Arrow Views 2) Local and Inclined views3) Sectional Views4) Symbols for sections5) Full Sectional views6) Half Sectional views7) Local Sectional views8) Types of cutting planes9) Inclined Views in Section10) Thin

34、 Members in Sectional Views11) Cross-sections12) Revolved Cross-sections13) Removed Cross-sections14) Local Enlarged Views15) Views of symmetrical parts16) Adjacent Parts and Features located in Front of a Cutting Plane17) Conventional Representation of Breaks18) Conventional Representation of inter

35、sections19) Simplified Representation of Small Features or Slopes 20) Simplified Representation of Repetitive features21) Simplified Representation of Sectioning Symbols22) Simplified Representation of Basically Symmetrical parts23) Simplified Representation of Patterns24) Application of Methods of

36、Representation Examples25) *Third Angle projectionChpater 14 Detail Drawings (12 lectures)1) Detail and Assembly Drawings 2) Selection of Views 3) Datums for Dimensioning 4) Functional Dimensions and Non-functional Dimensions 5) Dimensioning on Detail Drawings 6) Dimensioning of Typical Features 7)

37、Dimensioning between Finished Surfaces and Unfinished Surfaces 8) Simplified Method of Dimensioning 9) Method of Taking Measurements 10) Surface Quality 11) Surface roughness Symbols 12) *Position of the Specifications of Surface Texture in the Symbol13) Two Rules for Indicating Surface Roughness Pa

38、rameters on Drawings14) Indicating of Surface Roughness Symbols on Drawings 15) Simplified Indication of Surface Roughness Symbols 16) *Surface Coating and Heat Treatment 17) Features of Casting Processes18) Features of Machining Processes19) Measuring and Drawing a part20) Reading Detail Drawings21

39、) Detail Drawings of Machine-made Parts22) *Detail Drawings of Cast/Forged Parts23) *Detail Drawings of Stamped Parts24) *Drawings for Welded PartsChpater 15 Threads (4 lectures)1) Threads2) Elements of Threads3) Incomplete of Threads4) Metric Threads5) Other Types of Standard Threads Commonly Used6

40、) *Non-standard Threads7) Conventional Representation of Threads8) Standard Thread Designation9) Designation of Thread Pairs 10) Indication of Thread and Thread-pair Designations11) *Thread MeasurementsChpater 16 Fasteners (6 lectures)1) Fasteners2) Threaded Fasteners3) Representation of Bolts and N

41、uts4) Bolt Joints5) Stud Joints 6) Screw Joints7) Key Joints8) *Spline Joints9) Pin Joints10) *Elastic Collar Joints11) *Locking Devices12) Springs13) Representation of Helical Springs 14) Representation of Springs in Assembly Drawings15) Riveted Joints16) Welding17) *Welding Symbols18) *Indication

42、of Welding Symbols19) *Dimensioning of WeldsChpater 17 Shafts and Bearings (4 lectures)1) Shafts and Bearings2) Standard Process Features on Shafts3) Representation of Rolling Bearings4) Rolling-bearing codes5) Design of Rolling-bearing AssembliesChpater 18 Gears (4 lectures)1) Gears2) Spur Gears Te

43、rminology3) Tooth Form4) Tooth Size 5) Gear Calculations6) *Gear Machining7) Conventional Representation of Cylindrical Gears8) Detail Drawings of Cylindrical Gears9) *Bevel Gears10) *Worms and Worm Wheels Chpater 19 Size Tolerances and Geometric Tolerance (4 lectures)1) Size Tolerances2) Determinat

44、ion of Tolerances Zones3) Fits4) Systems of Fits5) Preferred Fits6) Calculations of Limits and Fits7) Indication of Limits and Fits on Drawings8) *Indication of Tolerances on Parts Fitted with Standard Items9) *Relationship between Tolerances and Roughness Values10) *Selection of Fits11) Geometric T

45、olerances12) Geometric Tolerance Symbols13) Indication of Geometric TolerancesChpater 20 Assembly Drawings (12 lectures)1) Assembly Drawings2) General Conventions in Assembly Drawings3) Special Conventions in Assembly Drawings4) Dimensioning on Assembly Drawings5) Item Blocks (Lists)6) Item Numbers7

46、) Feature of Assembly Processes8) Making an Assembly Drawing from Detail Drawings9) Making an Assembly Drawing of an Existing Article10) Procedures for Drawing Assembly Drawings11) Reading Assembly Drawings12) Making Detail Drawings from an Assembly Drawing Chpater 21 Brief Introduction to AutoCAD C

47、omputer Graphics (18 lectures)1) The User Interface2) Basic Drawing Techniques3) Basic Drawing Techniques-To Draw Lines,Xlines,Polygons and Rectangles4) Basic Drawing Techniques-Polylines,Arces,Circles and Multiline Text5) Basic Drawing Techniques-Object Selection6) Basic Drawing Techniques-Editing

48、Operation(Erase,Copy and Offset)7) Basic Drawing Techniques-Editing Operation(Move,Rotate,Scale,Trim,Break)8) To Draw Precisely-Ortho Mode and Grid Snap9) To Draw Precisely-Object Snap10) To Draw Precisely-Object Snap Tracking11) To Draw Precisely-Construction of Plane Figures12) Display Controls-Zo

49、oming and Panning13) Making A Drawing on Layers-Creating a New Layer14) Making A Drawing on Layers-Assigning colors,LineTypes and Lineweights15) Making A Drawing on Layers-Making a Layer Current and Controlling Layer Statuses16) Making A Drawing on Layers-Changing the Properties of Objects17) Making

50、 a Three-view Drawing-Using the Snap with the Grid18) Making a Three-view Drawing-The use of Xlines19) Common Procedures fo Making a Three-view Drawing20) Drawing Sectional Views21) Dimensioning22) Setting up a Dimension Style23) Dimension Editing計算機繪圖教學大綱總學時：48 理論課學時： 32 實驗課學時：16一、課程的性質本課程是研究應用計算機技

51、術進行圖形圖像處理的技術基礎課程。本課程的主要任務是：學習圖形生成的基本知識；培養(yǎng)編寫繪圖程序的能力；學習一種典型的繪圖軟件；提供計算機應用能力及操作水平，為學生今后從事計算機圖形學的研究和計算機輔助設計工作打下基礎。二、課程的目的與教學基本要求1） 計算機繪圖基礎（1） 介紹計算機繪圖所用的計算機編程語言、基本概念、開發(fā)環(huán)境等。（2） 了解應用計算機編程語言進行計算機繪圖圖形開發(fā)的特點、坐標系的建立及常用的圖形方法。（3） 了解圖形系統(tǒng)初始化的知識，其包括：繪圖屬性、顏色的使用、圖形程序的管理等。2） 計算機繪圖原理（1） 掌握常用繪圖界面的設計。（2） 掌握基本圖形設計方法，其包括：直線類

52、圖形、圓類圖形等。（3） 掌握圓弧連接程序設計的原理和方法。3） 圖形幾何變換知識（1） 了解二維圖形的幾何變換方法及程序設計。（2） 掌握三維圖形的幾何變換方法及程序設計。（3） 掌握正投影的三面投影變換方法及程序設計。（4） 掌握軸測投影變換方法及程序設計。（5） 掌握透視投影變換方法及程序設計。4） 曲線和曲面程序設計（1） 掌握各種方程（顯式、隱式及極坐標表示）曲線的程序設計。（2） 了解常用的自由曲線的程序設計。（3） 掌握各種常見曲面（圓柱、圓錐、圓球和圓柱螺旋面）的程序設計。（4） 了解常用的自由曲面的程序設計。5） 圖形圖像處理技術（1） 了解位圖圖像處理技術，其包括：顏色、分

53、辨率、變換等。（2） 了解位圖圖像的合成方法。6） 動畫技術了解常用的動畫程序設計方法。7） 圖形的數(shù)據(jù)結構了解圖形的幾何信息和拓撲信息構成及常用的圖形數(shù)據(jù)結構。三、課程適用專業(yè)機電工程、機械工程、工業(yè)設計、電力及自動化四、課程的教學內容、要求與學時分配1 理論教學部分：學時安排： 序號課程內容學時授課上機1計算機繪圖基礎422基本圖形圖案設計633圖形變換634曲線的程序設計425曲面的程序設計636圖形圖像處理技術217動畫技術218數(shù)據(jù)結構21合計3216注：上表只是計劃課內學時的安排數(shù)，與課外學時比1：2為宜。作業(yè)要求：每次課后均布置12題相應內容的上機作用，以檢查所學內容的掌握情況。

54、2 實驗教學部分本課程是一門實踐性很強的課程。在教學安排上一般是每講兩節(jié)課，安排兩節(jié)課的上機實踐。每次的上機實驗內容與該次課的授課內容相配套（見學時安排表）。五、教材和主要參考資料1. 陳錦昌、趙明秀等編著VB計算機繪圖教程 2. 陳錦昌、趙明秀編著C語言計算機繪圖教程六、課程考核方式考試。Computer DrawingTotal time: 48 Theory time:32 Experiment time:161. Course character This course is basic course of graphics process by using computer tech

55、nology. The main task of this course is: learning the primary knowledge of creating graphics, training programming ability of graphics program, learning a typical drawing software, improving abilities of using computer. 2. Course purpose and teaching requirements2.1 Primary knowledge of computer drawing. 2.1.1 To introduce the basic concept