高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣

1、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力，除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語(yǔ)篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語(yǔ)法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)中最常見(jiàn)的幾類錯(cuò)誤。短文改錯(cuò)口訣：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)；注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別；習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析；邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。一 動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football

2、team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。二 名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)三 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：Im sure well have a wonder

3、fully time together. (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。四 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in fo

4、otball. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。五 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的?？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。 例如：It was

5、very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital

6、of China. (which)第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤；第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。七 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more) no way of setting the

7、 matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths（史密斯夫婦倆），因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開(kāi)始告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了；晚上沒(méi)電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤（可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤），以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：She was

8、 smiling but nodding at me. (and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone

9、knows，its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the way up I was

10、 busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _head touched the

11、pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析：76. famous前加上a.（名詞數(shù)）77. 正確78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。（句子成分多分析）79. themus （邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注）80. visitingvisited（非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別）81. picturepictures（名詞數(shù)）82. passespassed（動(dòng)詞形）83. 去掉down（習(xí)慣用法要記?。?4. andbut（but，and，or和so）85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記?。└腻e(cuò)要想拿高分語(yǔ)法口訣要記牢（一）見(jiàn)到謂語(yǔ)找主語(yǔ)，主謂一致找狀語(yǔ)見(jiàn)到名詞想多數(shù)，可不可數(shù)要記牢見(jiàn)到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對(duì)稱見(jiàn)到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理帶賓語(yǔ)必帶to，不帶賓語(yǔ)不帶 to小小of常抓的點(diǎn)，of前名詞adj最高級(jí)比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)（二）謂與非謂經(jīng)?；熘^語(yǔ)句中就一個(gè)其余動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)形式有三種v-ing ,v-ed和to do主謂通常v-ing動(dòng)賓通常v-ed現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)目的要用不定式by前有過(guò)去分詞相擁by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清現(xiàn)在還是過(guò)去時(shí)（三）規(guī)則是說(shuō)謊