初中英語語法專項名詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法專項名詞（講義）一、名詞（n.） 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞（一）名詞的分類名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個體名詞（表示一類人或物的個體。如：boy,desk,cat,window）和集體名詞（由若干個體組成的集合體。如：family,class,police）。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個體的實物。如：water,paper,silk,money）和抽象名詞（表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,diffic

2、ulty,housework）專有名詞表示個人、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States）（二）名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：（1）一般情況下,在詞尾加s. eg.book-books,dog-dogs,pen-pens,boy-boys（2）以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,要在詞尾加es.eg.beach-beaches,brush-brushes,bus-buses,box-boxes（es讀音為iz（3）以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞

3、,先變y為i,再加e eg.city-cities, family-families,（注：以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以元音字母o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時情況如下： 加eg.tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 結(jié)尾是兩個元音字母的加s,eg.zoo-zoos,radio-radios 某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)時詞尾加s,eg. piano-pianos 一些名詞的縮寫形式變復(fù)數(shù)時，詞尾加s, eg.photo（photograph）-photos,kilo（kilogram）kilos zero變復(fù)數(shù)時，既可加s

4、,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes（5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es. eg.wife-wives,leaf-leaves,half-halves, knife-knives,thief-thieves（res讀音為vz妻子騎牛拿起刀, wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives;追得賊狼滿街跑, thief-thieves; wolf-wolves碰倒架子喪己命, shelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives手帕樹葉半空飄. leaf-leaves half-halves （6）有些名詞由單數(shù)變

5、復(fù)數(shù)時，不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字母。eg.man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children,mouse-mice,Ox-Oxen（公牛）（7）還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish works（8）另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。 eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes

6、另外,當(dāng)一個名詞作定語修飾另一個名詞時，這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。 eg.an apple tree,five apple trees, a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg.two men teachers,three women doctors可用量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的量的表示方式如下。（1）表不定數(shù)量時,一般用much,（a）li

7、ttle,a lot oflots of,some,any等詞修飾。（2）表確定數(shù)量時,一般用數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如：twothree.+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。eg： fruit水果-fruits表示不同種類的水果；food食物-foods各種食品；fish魚-fishes魚的種類；drink飲料、酒-a drink一杯一份飲料、一杯酒； cloth布-,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙-sands

8、沙灘； tea茶-a tea一杯茶；chicken雞肉-a chicken小雞；orange橘汁-an orange橘子； glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡； paper紙-a paper試卷、論文；wood木頭-a wood小森林；room空間、余地-a room房間（三）名詞的所有格（表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系）（1）有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格。不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時，在詞尾加s.eg.Mikes watch；Womens Day以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時,只加。eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms兩個

9、或兩個以上名詞并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一個名詞后加s.eg.Tom and Mikes room湯姆和邁克的房間（表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房）兩個或兩個以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個名詞后都加s.eg.Marys and Jennys bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車（表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車） 在表示店鋪，某某家，診所的名詞所有格后面，一般省去被修飾的名詞。 at his brothers at the doctors at the barkers at Mr reads 用所有格表示時間或距離的方法：ten minutes drive十分鐘車程，a months holiday一個

10、月的假期用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法：Teachers Day, Childrens Day.需要注意的是除了父親節(jié)和母親節(jié)其他節(jié)日我們都用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格表示，因為爸爸媽媽每個人就只有一個所以不用復(fù)數(shù)，Mothers Day, Fathers Day（2）無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)eg.a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room（3）特殊形式可用s和of短語表示的名詞所有格eg.the boys name=the name Of the boy（男孩的名字）the dogs legs=the legs of

11、 the dog（狗的腿）Chinas population=the population Of China（中國的人口） Chinas capital=the capital of China（中國的首都）雙重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers我媽媽的一個朋友a picture of Toms湯姆的一張圖片 (四)名詞作主語時的主謂一致(1).如主語是單數(shù),后跟with,together with, as well as,like,but,except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式.Li Hua with me often goes to the cinema. T

12、he woman with two children is coming here.(2).復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)內(nèi)容的名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.The news is surprising. Maths is an important subject.(3). 單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.The police have caught the thief. The people there are very kind.(4).一些集體名詞如family,class,team等作主語時,若強調(diào)整體, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, 若強調(diào)個體, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.His famil

13、y is not a large one.他家不是個大家庭。Her family are watching TV.他全家人在看電視。The team is playing very well.這個隊打得很出色。The team are all famous players in our country.全體隊員都是我國有名的運動員。(5).表示時間,金錢,距離的名詞加s后,應(yīng)視為一個整體,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.Two hours is enough for us to get there One hundred dollars is enough.Five kilometers is a lo

14、ng way for the childern.(6).復(fù)數(shù)名詞shoes,trousers,glasses等由pair修飾時, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由pair決定.The pair of shoes looks nice. That two pairs of trousers are both too long.(7)由and連接兩個或兩個以上的名詞作主語時,如表示整體概念, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式. 若表示個體概念, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. My old friend and classmate has just come back from abroad.我的老校友剛從國外回來. The s

15、inger and dancer is to attend our English evening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家將參加我們的英語晚會.(8)The number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。A number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(9)neither.nor ;either.or. ; not only.but also等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞要遵循就近原則。(10)of + 抽象名詞 =形容詞be of importance= be important2不可數(shù)名詞量的表示方法在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示量的概念，可以用以下兩種方法

16、：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange

17、 a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示兩杯茶、四張紙這類概念時，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。初中英語語法專項習(xí)題1-名詞1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mist

18、ake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B.

19、teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how

20、 to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. som

21、e, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I wo

22、uld like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. t

23、wo pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3. A group of_ will visit t

24、he museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old peop

25、le in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. t

26、he works7( ) 1 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B

27、. polices C. police D. peoples8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A.

28、 womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We cam

29、e to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop ,C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. gl

30、ass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number11.1. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; min

31、e C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms12( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Mar

32、ys D. sisters Marys( ) 3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( ) 4 Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. yea

33、r B. years C. years D. years( ) 2 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls

34、are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds14( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house15( ) 1 Miss Smith is a