八年級下冊英語重要知識點(diǎn)歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上八年級下冊英語重要知識點(diǎn)歸納M1重要語法：感官性系統(tǒng)詞：feel(摸起來)、look(看起來) 、smell(聞起來)、 taste(嘗起來 ) sound(聽起來),后接形容詞作表語，不能接副詞。構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句要借助助動詞。The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice? The song doesnt sound be noisy.對名詞或名詞短語感嘆用what2. What a delicious smell! 多么香??！ 感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：What+ a

2、/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！What an interesting book it is! What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！What bad weather it is today!對形容詞、副詞或動詞感嘆用howWhat good students they are! How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！ How fast he is running! How delicious it smells! How I miss the days we spent together!我多么懷念我們一起度過的日子！3.Im afraid+句子:恐怕 Im a

3、fraid he has no time today.4. be done 做好了 Is your homework done?你的作業(yè)做好了嗎？ Dinner is done!晚飯做好了！5. have a try 試一試；嘗一嘗6.have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食7.thanks for=thank you for+名詞/動詞-ing。因而感謝你。Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me . Thank you for inviting me to your party. 8. hear from=get /receive a l

4、etter from收到的來信9.cant wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事 I cant wait to see you.10.人+ spend+時間（in）doing sth.。=It takes +人+時間+to do sth. 某人花費(fèi)多少時間做某事 He spent two days (in) reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.11.too也（置于句末，前加逗號） also也(置于居中be或情態(tài)動詞之后)as well也（置于句末，前不加逗號）12.be proud of以為豪 My pa

5、rents are proud of me.13. How do you feel about+名詞/動詞-ing？=What do you think of+名詞/動詞-ing？你覺得怎么樣？ How do you feel about the film?=What do you think of the film? How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14. be afraid of+名詞/動詞-ing：害怕. I am afaid of dog/going out at n

6、ight. be afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night.15. What does sb. look like?某人長得怎么樣（問外表）答：short/tall/young/pretty What is sb like?某人性格怎么樣？（問性格或品質(zhì)）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind. -What does your English teacher look l

7、ike? -He is tall with pair of glasses. -What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly.M2重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時（一）：描述過去已經(jīng)、曾經(jīng)或還沒有做過某事的經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has +動詞過去分詞(否定) havent/hasnt +動詞過去分詞 含義：已經(jīng)/曾經(jīng)做過 還沒有做過標(biāo)志詞：already、ever、never、yet、just等。 I have seen the movie.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。（我現(xiàn)在了解該電影了。） He has al

8、ready finished his homework.他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。（他可以交作業(yè)了） We havent had dinner yet. 我們還沒有吃晚飯。 （我們現(xiàn)在餓） Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你曾經(jīng)參加過演講比賽嗎？（變一般疑問句把have/has 提到句首） Yes, I have./No, I havent. 2.enter a competition=take part in a competition參加競賽3.help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事 He often helps me le

9、arn English.4. afford sth.買得起某物 I cant afford the new bike. afford to do sth. 付得起錢去做某事 =have enough money to buy sth.She cant afford to go to school.她沒錢去上學(xué)。5. stop to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下來去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest.我累了。讓我們停下來休息一下吧！Its time for class now. L

10、ets stop talking.上課時間到了！讓我們不要講話了！6. make up編寫 make up a story編故事 make it/them up (代詞要放中間)7.invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人做某事8. fifteen-year-old十五歲的（復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞不能加s ,作定語） fifteen years old 十五歲 （短語，不能作定語，常作表語）He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9.at the moment =now此刻（常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中）10. have/has

11、been to+某地：曾經(jīng)去過某地（人已經(jīng)回來，常與次數(shù)連用）have/has gone to +某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能與次數(shù)連用）have/has been in +某地：在某地呆/逗留（常與for +時間段連用）I have been to Hong Kong twice.He isnt here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China for 20 years.11. be different from與.不同12.find it +形容詞+ to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是.的（it 是形式賓語，無義，替代后面不定式

12、）I find it easy to learn maths. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很容易。 Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese. 托尼發(fā)現(xiàn)說漢語很難。13. so far到目前為止（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時）So far I have learnt 3，000 English words.14. all over the world=around the world 全世界15.count down 倒數(shù) M31. already已經(jīng)（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句句中或句末）I have already known himyet尚，還（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定句或疑問句句末）Has

13、 it arrived yet？ just 剛剛（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時肯定句句中）They have just arrived.2. What are your up to?=What are you doing?你在忙什么？3.Im not sure how to make it.= Im not sure how I can make it.4. Thats why .那就是的原因了。5. in order to+動詞原形：為了 He works so hard in order to get the best score. so that+句子=in order that+句子：為了 He

14、works so hard so that (in order that) he can get the best score.6. there is(現(xiàn)在完成時形式)there has been 已經(jīng)有/存在 there are(現(xiàn)在完成時形式)there have been已經(jīng)有/存在 There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago.7.go around圍繞轉(zhuǎn)8. none of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/賓格+動詞（單/復(fù)形）：沒有一個（既指人也指物） no one +動詞（單）=nobody（僅指人，不與of 連用，

15、常用于who提出的問題）None of the students know(s) the anwer. 沒有一個學(xué)生知道答案。-How many people are there in the room? None.一個也沒有（強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量）No one knows the answer. Whos in the classroom?- No one.沒有人（強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有人）9. be called被稱為 10.a small part of .的一小部分municate with與聯(lián)系 12.finish doing sth.完成做某事 13.write back回信M4重要語法：1.現(xiàn)在完成時（

16、二）：描述一個動作或狀態(tài)從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在乃至將來有多長時間。常與 “for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”、so far、recently（最近）、in the last 10 years（最近十年）等表示持續(xù)的時間連用，也用于how long問句中。 I have learnt English for 6 years. He has lived here since he was born. China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How long have you learnt English?特別注意：在現(xiàn)在完成時（二）中，與 “for+

17、時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”或how long問句中，動詞必須為可延續(xù)性動詞（learn, stay, live ），不能為短暫性動詞(buy, borrow, die),若為短暫性動詞則要轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞或短語。如：buy have borrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reachbe in join the party-be in the party錯誤： I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy 為短暫性動詞，不能與for +時間段連用) 正確： I have had/kept the b

18、ike for 3 days.(將buy改為延續(xù)性動詞have2. （問）- How long?多久.? （答）-For +時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)。How long have you been like this? 你這樣多久了？ I have been ill for about three days.我生病大約三天了。3.catch a cold感冒 have a fever發(fā)燒 take ones temperature測量某人的體溫 do exercise鍛煉 fast food 快餐 not usually 不經(jīng)常 three times a day一天三次4. be harmf

19、ul to 對.有害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5. by doing通過做. decide（not） to do sth. 決心（不）做某事 in excellent /bad condition 身體狀況良好/差 ride to work=go to work by bike 騎車上班 arrive at/in=get to = reach到達(dá) with a smile on ones face 面帶笑臉go for a run去跑步 feel awful 感到不適 all over 渾身；遍及6. tooto太而不能 T

20、he boy is too young to go to school. 7.choose sb. to do sth.選擇某人去干某事 on the way在路上M51.Its time to (動詞)do sth.=Its time for（名詞）sth.該做某事的時候了。 Its time to have class.=Its time for class. play games.= games. eat dinner.= dinner2.fight （fought foutht）sb.打某人 fight with sb.與某人打架 fight for為而戰(zhàn)3. fly through

21、飛越 climb up 爬上 4. I want to be someone like him.我想成為想他那樣的人。5. keep doing something不斷做某事 keep sb. doing sth.讓某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Keep trying, and youll succeed（成功）. 不斷嘗試，你就會成功！6. cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 She couldnt help crying when she heard the news

22、.I cant help missing you when I see the photos.The little boy cant help dancing with the rock music.7.over=more than超過8.win the heart of sb.贏得某人的心 The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl.9.make a terrible mess 弄得一團(tuán)糟10.expect to do sth. 期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11.ever since +句子(一般過去時)常用于現(xiàn)在

23、完成時） We have known each other ever since we were young.12. in the 1980s在二十世紀(jì)八十年代in 1980 在1980年（沒有the 和s）13.find real life hard to understand=find it hard to understand real hard 發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活難以理解 find +賓格+形容詞+ to do=find it +形容詞+to do+賓格：發(fā)現(xiàn)做是的14. as well as=with/and also和；以及；也；像一樣好 He can speak English as

24、well as French.他會說英語，也會說法語。 Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母現(xiàn)在住在國。（動詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則，與as well as 前的主語人稱和數(shù)一致） I can speak English as well as him.我的英語說得想他一樣好。e to life 復(fù)活/恢復(fù)生氣16.be popular with sb.收到某人的歡迎17.幾種時態(tài)區(qū)別:時態(tài) 概念 謂語動詞形式 時間標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性地動作 動詞原形/三單 often usually sometimes every

25、day/week一般過去式： 過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) 動詞過去式 yesterday ago just now ,last week/year現(xiàn)在完成時：已經(jīng)或曾經(jīng)干過某事，對現(xiàn)在的影響 have/has+過去分詞 already yet just never. 過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛卸嗑谩?for+時間段、since+時間點(diǎn)，so far, rencentlyM61. take up 占據(jù)（空間/時間） The desk took up too much room. Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 從事 He

26、 took up art at school. 他在學(xué)校教美術(shù)。2. find somewhere to sit down 找地方坐下3. a bit of +不可數(shù)名詞= a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bit of a mess有點(diǎn)亂 a bit +形容詞/副詞= a little a bit tired/hungry 區(qū)別：not a bit:一點(diǎn)也不 not a little: 很/非常4. must 一定（表推測） It must be really valuable. 他一定很值錢。5. as+(形容詞/副詞)原級+as: 像一樣

27、He is as tall as his brother. 否定：not as as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in ones life在（某人）一生中7. make sb./sth. +動詞原形：使某人/某物做某事 Dont make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time.類似：let sb./sth. +動詞原形：讓某人/某物做某事8. grow as a person 長大成人9. someothers一些另外一些10. develop ones intere

28、st 培養(yǎng)某人的興趣11. as well as=besides 除了.之外，還包括.As well as Tom, his parents came to the party.湯姆和他的父母都來參加了這個聚會。12. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result結(jié)果 as a result of.由于.=because of He didnt work hard, as a result, he didnt pass the exam.15. be interested in+名詞/動詞-ing: 對感興趣

29、 I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing?16. sb. spend+時間+doing sth. 某人花費(fèi)多少時間做某事。 = It takes sb.+時間+ to do sth. He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for為.做準(zhǔn)備= get ready for2. make a list of列的

30、清單3. get ready把準(zhǔn)備好4.It sounds crazy. 這聽起來很荒唐。5. I dont know what to take.（簡單句= I dont know what I should take.（復(fù)合句）6. at the end of 在.的盡頭/結(jié)尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金錢、時間、距離做主語時，視作單數(shù)） 50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better +動詞原形：最好做某事 You had better stay home at night.否

31、定：had better not +動詞原形：最好不要做某事：Youd better not go out now.9. by the way 順便說一下 go crazy 變瘋 in a group of 20二十人一組10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me.11. learn about了解 at the same time同時 be well trained

32、受過良好培訓(xùn) depend on 依賴；取決于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物= provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.15. set tests安排考試 form close friendships with 與.結(jié)成親密的友誼 stay in touch with和保持聯(lián)系 take trips to到去旅行 at least至少 fill out填寫 M81. 重要語法：賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子。本模塊重點(diǎn)：由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that 無義，可省, 后接陳述句作賓語。賓語從句復(fù)合句=主句 + 引導(dǎo)詞 +

33、賓語從句。I can hardly believe (that) were in the city centre.Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesnt think the park will be busy.主句和從句的時態(tài)關(guān)系：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時 從句：需根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用不同時態(tài) She says (that) she works from Monday 

34、;to Friday.（從句為一般現(xiàn)在時） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. （從句為一般將來時）My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（從句為一般過去時） Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （從句為現(xiàn)在完成時）主句：一般過去時 從句：一般過去時/過去時

35、的某種時態(tài)He said (that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon. （從句用一般過去時）He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. （從句用過去將來時）Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （從句用過去完成時）特殊情況：從句描述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、科學(xué)名言警句等不以時間改變而改變

36、的事實(shí)時，不管主句為何種時態(tài)，從句總是用一般現(xiàn)在時。He said that light travels much faster than sound.   他說光比聲音傳播得快)The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （客觀事實(shí)）She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than 

37、;her. （客觀事實(shí)）My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.（客觀真理）注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think或believe，賓語從句要表達(dá)否定時，要把從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。 I don't think he is going to help you with your English. We dont believe that we have w

38、on the basketball match.2. hardly 幾乎不= almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯）3. so that 如此以至于The little boy is so young that he cant go to school.=The little boy is too young to go to school.= The little boy is not old enough to go to school.so that 以便；為了=in order tharHe got up ea

39、rly so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+動詞原形：聽見某人/某物（經(jīng)常/過去）做. hear sb./sth.+動詞-ing: 聽見某人/某物正在做.I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for因而著名 be famous as+職業(yè)/身份：作為而出名

40、This park is famous for its lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth.允許做某事 They don't allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事 His parents allowed him to go out with me. allow+that從句：He allowed that they were right.   他承認(rèn)他們是對的7. Its better (for sb.) to do sth.（對某人來說）最好

41、去做某事。 Its better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.8. point out指出 point at/to指著（近物/遠(yuǎn)物） 9. at the top of 在的頂部 move about四處走動 10. promise to do sth.答應(yīng)做某事 He promised to help us. promise not to do sth. 保證不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in class. promise +that 從句: My parents promise th

42、at they will buy me a new shirt.11.have a wonderful time玩得開心magic land 仙境 square kilometer 平方公里 by a small lake 在小湖邊 wake sb. up 喚醒某人 12. without doing 沒有做. We came out without making any noise.13.It is a pity that+從句。真遺憾. Its a pity that you have missed the party.14.walk down the path 順路而下15.put le

43、aves off plants 從植物扯下葉子16. the second largest 第二大. (the +序數(shù)詞+最高級：第幾最.)17.fall asleep入睡 M9基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+if/whether+賓語從句（用陳述語序）1.重要語法：if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，if/whether意為“是否”，用在將直接引語（說話人說得話）為一般疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話）的復(fù)合句中做引導(dǎo)詞，轉(zhuǎn)化后需將一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍?，即陳述語序。（直接引語）“Are you a teacher?” he asks.（間接引語）He asks if/whether I a

44、m a teacher.（直接引語）“Have you finished your home work?”the teacher asked him. （間接引語）The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.間接引語也就是if/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I dont know whether he is at home or not.注：if 和whether 一般情況下可以互換使用，但如下情況，不能用if,只能用whether:在動詞不

45、定式之前只能用whether I don't know whether to accept or refuse（拒絕）. 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介詞后，只能用whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，只能用whether 。Whether it is true or not, I can't tell.用if會引起歧義時，只用whether。如用whether可避免歧義。特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的

46、賓語從句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+特殊疑問詞+賓語從句（用陳述語序）直接引語為特殊疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語復(fù)合句時，用原來的特殊疑問詞作引導(dǎo)詞，但后面需改為陳述句，即陳述語序。（直引）“What s your name?”Mr. Li asks me.（間引）Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直引）“Why did he ask for help?” he asked. （間引）He asked why he asked for help.間引即為特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Where does

47、he come from? I dont know.（合并句子）I dont know where he comes from. （合并后，原來的特殊疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句，故要改為陳述句，因?yàn)樗辉偈菃柧淞耍?How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，主句和從句的時態(tài)與that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句一樣，需注意主從句時態(tài)的變化。2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事3. take a mes

48、sage （for sb.） ：（為某人）捎口信4.打電話用語：Whos calling?=Whos that speaking?你是哪位？Is that (speaking)?你是嗎？ This is speaking.我是 Could/May I speak to?我可以和.說話嗎？5. have a problem with sb. 和某人之間出了問題6.get separated分開7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事 Please explain the meaning to me. explain +疑問詞+不定式：Could you explain how

49、to do it well? explain +賓語從句：Could you explain what happened then?8.refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事 He refused to help me.9. feel/be sure of.對有把握10. regret to do sth. 遺憾地（要）做某事（還未做） regret- regretted-regrettedI regretted scloding him the other day. 我后悔幾天前責(zé)備過他。 regret doing sth.后悔做過某事(已經(jīng)做過了） I reget to tell you that you are dismissed. 我遺憾地告訴你：你被開除了。11. be patient with sb.對某人耐心12. introduce A to B: 把A 介紹給B（認(rèn)識）13. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 My parents always encourage me to study hard.14. have a hard time過的艱難；遇到麻煩15.從