非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件2

1、精選文檔毅帆教育學(xué)科培訓(xùn)師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號(hào) 學(xué)員編號(hào)年 級(jí)高三課時(shí)數(shù)2學(xué)員姓名陳梓懿輔 導(dǎo) 科 目英語(yǔ)學(xué)科培訓(xùn)師夏老師學(xué)科組長(zhǎng)簽字 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)簽字課 題高考單項(xiàng)選擇之重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞備課時(shí)間：2014.3.12授課時(shí)間：2014.3.15 教學(xué)目標(biāo)對(duì)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ)/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)掌握重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ)/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)及考試要求不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ)/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)教學(xué)內(nèi)容非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【考情分析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞，是

2、高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)：1.考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)5.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語(yǔ)6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)8.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題9.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題10.考查“(be+)過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)【知識(shí)歸納】考點(diǎn)一：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.動(dòng)詞不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以

3、帶有所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化：動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式變化。語(yǔ)態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主 動(dòng)to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 動(dòng)to be buildto have been build2.現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動(dòng)詞的-ing還有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞的-ing則沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動(dòng)詞make 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例，將

4、其-ing各種形式列表如下：動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)態(tài)形式及物動(dòng)詞make不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)用。句中的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并且是它所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

5、-ing一般式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作也是和句中謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.5、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語(yǔ)

6、。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語(yǔ)中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語(yǔ)用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first.3.過(guò)去分詞：過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，也沒(méi)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞在句中也可用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者?？键c(diǎn)

7、二：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)（一）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)1現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)該動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間往往存在主謂關(guān)系。如：They entered the theatre，talking and laughing. 他們說(shuō)笑著進(jìn)了劇院。2現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

8、作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 如：Not having received a reply，he decided to write again. 沒(méi)有得到答復(fù)，他決定再寫(xiě)信去。The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work與句子的主語(yǔ)the old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系，而且work這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前) 在國(guó)外工作了二十年后，這位老人回到了祖國(guó)。Having won the championship，he was awarded a million dollars.因?yàn)楂@得了

9、冠軍，他被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)100萬(wàn)美元。【提醒】通?，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，即彼此間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。但generally speaking, strictly speaking, roughly speaking, judging from等詞組不受這種語(yǔ)法限制。 如：Generally speaking，children like playing in the fields. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，孩子們喜歡在田野里玩。Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.從他說(shuō)的話(huà)來(lái)判斷，他一定是一位誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。（二）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修

10、飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況；其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. (這里give與句子的主語(yǔ)these teenage soccer players之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)給予正確的訓(xùn)練，這些青少年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員有一天會(huì)成為國(guó)際明星。Given more attention，the trees co

11、uld have grown better.倘若給予更多的關(guān)注，這些樹(shù)會(huì)生長(zhǎng)得更好。2某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時(shí)這些過(guò)去分詞既不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，這樣的詞有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed (駐扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，不管它們作什么成分都不用其ing形式。如：Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專(zhuān)心于讀書(shū)，他沒(méi)注意到我進(jìn)入房間。D

12、ressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿著紅色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了?！咎嵝选孔鳡钫Z(yǔ)時(shí)，是用動(dòng)詞ing形式還是用過(guò)去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)詞與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用動(dòng)詞ing形式；如果是意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則一般用過(guò)去分詞。請(qǐng)記住下面的例子，并細(xì)心體會(huì)。注意：句子的主語(yǔ)改變了，分詞的形式也要相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化。 試比較：Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語(yǔ)the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Se

13、eing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語(yǔ)we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)（三）不定式作狀語(yǔ)1作目的狀語(yǔ)：作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常也是全句的主語(yǔ)，這里往往譯作“為了，想要”。如：To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成為贏家，你要付出所有并竭盡全力。2用于：so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to；only to等結(jié)構(gòu)中往

14、往用來(lái)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)完了。(“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，tell和主語(yǔ)he之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。)【提醒】不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成為孤兒。3與形容詞連用時(shí)，

15、大多表示原因，用作原因狀語(yǔ)。這些形容詞主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 如：Im very glad to hear the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我非常高興。 考點(diǎn)三：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。如：China is a developing country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。Be quiet.Theres a sleeping baby. 安靜點(diǎn)，這兒有一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子。2過(guò)去分

16、詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。如：The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家也需要世界上其他國(guó)家的幫助?！癟hings lost never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.“失去的東西再也不會(huì)回來(lái)！”我情不自禁地自言自語(yǔ)。3動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。如：The problem to be discussed is of great importance. 要討論的這個(gè)問(wèn)

17、題很重要。考點(diǎn)四：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Ill have my house painted tomorrow. 明天我會(huì)讓人把我的房子粉刷一下。When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.當(dāng)我打開(kāi)門(mén)時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被落葉所覆蓋。2現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作過(guò)程的一部分?？梢詭н@

18、種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。如：He saw a boy getting on the bus. 他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)男孩正在上公交車(chē)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行)Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 詹妮發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個(gè)錢(qián)包。(主動(dòng))3不定式作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作過(guò)程將要發(fā)生、經(jīng)常發(fā)生或已發(fā)生。諸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, re

19、quest, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等動(dòng)詞后都可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果是動(dòng)詞let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中時(shí)，用帶to的不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： The policeman told the boy not to play on the road. 警察告訴這個(gè)小孩不要在道路上玩。The old man was often seen to stand at th

20、e door of his house.這位老人經(jīng)常被看到站在門(mén)口。(經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作)考點(diǎn)五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)1不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞之后要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。表示某次具體的動(dòng)作或行為。類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞有hope, agree, choose，manage，promise，expect，determine，decide，seek，refuse，arrange，desire等。如：She pretended not to see me when I came in. 她假裝沒(méi)有看到我進(jìn)來(lái)。2動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞(詞組)后接動(dòng)名詞形式，表示動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或已經(jīng)完成。類(lèi)似的詞有enjoy, mind, fi

21、nish, practise, suggest, advise, allow/permit, forbid, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider(考慮), delay, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)嗎？【提醒】want, need, require 等動(dòng)詞以物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義或用不定式的被動(dòng)式。如：Those young trees need watering/ to be watered. 那些小樹(shù)需要澆水了。3有些動(dòng)詞既可接動(dòng)

22、名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。如：regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾(未做)；regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。remember/forget to do記著/忘記要做某事(未做)；remember /forget doing記得/忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)。如：Remember to go to the post offi

23、ce after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎？mean to do 打算要做某事； mean doing意味著某事stop to do停下來(lái)去做另一件事； stop doing停下做某事try to do 試圖做某事； try doing嘗試著做某事cant help doing情不自禁做某事；cant help (to) do不能幫著做某事考點(diǎn)六：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)：To help each other is good.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可用it作

24、形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)：Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見(jiàn)。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.【提醒】一般來(lái)說(shuō)不定式做主語(yǔ)是表示動(dòng)作行為的目的。一般動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 現(xiàn)在分詞就是動(dòng)詞的ing結(jié)構(gòu)，做主語(yǔ)是名為動(dòng)

25、名詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。但在句中可以充當(dāng)表、定、狀、補(bǔ)的成分。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的意義往往是表示正在進(jìn)行的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情。動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)?？键c(diǎn)七：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（注意）二者作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式作表語(yǔ)：（1）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。 如：Mary's task is to

26、 set the table.（2）表目的。 如：This wall is to keep people out of the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)（1）某些現(xiàn)在分詞已變作形容詞可作表語(yǔ)。（如表情緒的詞。）如：He was very amusing.（2）表狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞可用作表語(yǔ)。 如：She is always very obliging（有禮貌的）.3.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ)，如：The glass is broken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。 【注意】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同

27、，如：The glass was broken by my little brother. 這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken,

28、 completed, covered等?！究键c(diǎn)例析】1(2011·海淀區(qū)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí))The scientist was rewarded by the government for _ such a great contribution to the country.Amake Bmaking Cbeing made Dhaving made解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在介詞for的后面要用動(dòng)名詞形式，在獲獎(jiǎng)前貢獻(xiàn)已經(jīng)做出了，所以要用其完成式。語(yǔ)意為：這位科學(xué)家因?yàn)闉閲?guó)家做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，得到了政府的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D。2(2011·杭州市教學(xué)檢測(cè))A powerful ear

29、thquake struck Haitis capital，_tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.Aleft Bto leave Cbeing left Dleaving解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從語(yǔ)意可知，海地首都發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈地震，造成了成千上萬(wàn)的人無(wú)家可歸和被埋在廢墟中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示結(jié)果。故選D。3(2011·廈門(mén)市質(zhì)量檢查)When the minister came to the snow­stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims wel

30、l_.Atake care of Btook care of Ctaken care of Dtaking care of解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意可以看出victims 與take care of 存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動(dòng)形式，在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選C。4(2011·海淀區(qū)期中練習(xí))A few days after the interview I received a letter _ my admission to the university.Aoffering Boffered Chaving offered Dto be offered解析：考查

31、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。offer 和其邏輯主語(yǔ)a letter 之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于which offered。語(yǔ)意為：面試后的幾天，我收到了這所大學(xué)錄取我的信。故選A。5(2011·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學(xué)調(diào)查)Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year _ against the severe natural disasters?Afighting Bto fight Cfought Dfight解析：考查固定句式的用法。“sb. have some difficulty （in） doing sth.”是固定

32、句式，意思是“某人做某事有困難”，其中的介詞in 可以省略。故選A。6(2011·東北三省四市聯(lián)考)How do you Chinese celebrate Mid­autumn Day?Well，it depends. For me，I usually sit in the yard，_the full moon with my family.Aappreciating Badmiring Cappreciated Dto admire解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示“我通

33、常在中秋節(jié)坐在院子里和家人一起賞月”?？仗巹?dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，其表示的動(dòng)作和句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞；appreciate “欣賞”不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。7(2011·東北三校第一次聯(lián)考)Cao Caos tomb is reported _ in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.Abeing found Bto be found Chaving been found Dto have been found解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：據(jù)報(bào)道，安陽(yáng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了曹操墓，引起了全國(guó)(民眾)的關(guān)注。前半

34、句是“Its reported that Cao Caos tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一種表達(dá)方式，表示該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用不定式的完成形式。故選D。8(2011·蘇州一模)After suffering a heart attack，Michael Jackson was pronounced dead，_a tragic end to the worlds most popular entertainer.Amarking Bto mark Cmarked Dhaving marked解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知，邁克爾·

35、;杰克遜在心臟病突發(fā)后死去，這標(biāo)志著世界上最受歡迎的藝人的悲慘結(jié)局。v.­ing在此作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故選A。9(2011·哈爾濱檢測(cè))You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made _ the goal.Ato achieve Bof achieving Cto of achieving Dto have achieved解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：你簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法想像我為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所付出的努力。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故A項(xiàng)正確。10(2010·長(zhǎng)沙二模)When I came in，I found Lucy _ by t

36、he window _ to music.Aseated；listening Bseated；listened Cseating；listened Dseating；listening解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一空用seated，相當(dāng)于sitting；第二空用動(dòng)詞的­ing形式，表示主動(dòng)。故選A11(2010·南通一模)The county，_ in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1,400 years.Alocated Bto be located Cbeing located Dlocating解析：本

37、題考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾The county，故選A。12(2010·海淀第二學(xué)期期末)It was reported that 115 miners _ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled alive at last.Atrapped Bbeing trapped Cwere trapped Dhad trapped解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。所填詞作后置定語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是miners，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去分詞，故選A。13(2010·西城5月)C

38、hina is known _ greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.Ato change Bhaving changed Cchanging Dto have changed解析：be known to 為所熟知，而改變是已發(fā)生的事實(shí)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式。故選D14(2010·南京第三次模擬)_from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.AHaving not full

39、y recovered BBeing not fully recoveredCNot having fully recovered DNot fully recovering解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the patient 與recover 間為主謂關(guān)系，且recover 這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was advised 之前，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，且否定詞not 要放在分詞的前面，因此答案為C。15(2010·杭州市第二次教學(xué)檢測(cè))Be careful！Dont forget you are on a ladder.But you are holding it for me，nothing

40、_.Aworry about Bto worry about Cis worried about Dworrying about解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：小心點(diǎn)。別忘了你在梯子上。但是你扶著呢，沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。不定式to worry about 作后置定語(yǔ)。故選B。16Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _to the new students. 【2012江西卷】Aspeaking Bhaving spoken Cto speak Dto have spoken解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。本題為不定式表目的

41、，又因D選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，故選C。17. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company. 【2012重慶卷】A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。由此可知，表示被動(dòng)和將來(lái)的A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B表示被動(dòng)進(jìn)行，C表示被動(dòng)完成，D表示被動(dòng)完成，但是不作定語(yǔ)。因

42、此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。18. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.【2012四川卷】A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。winding its way與賓語(yǔ)snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。19. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.【2012四川卷】A. washed B.

43、 wash C. washing D. to wash解析：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意為：在驅(qū)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車(chē)洗了。此題中使役動(dòng)詞get后接的賓語(yǔ)car與作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：get sth. done。故答案選A。20. _ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 【2012重慶卷】 A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。經(jīng)過(guò)分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)逗號(hào)前

44、為原因狀語(yǔ)，空白處與句子的主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系的B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不作原因狀語(yǔ)，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。21._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad . 【2012陜西卷】A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后有逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做題干的狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)we，非

45、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wait的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞v-ing的一般式，選A。22. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. 【2012全國(guó)II】A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，高興地看要上演的任何節(jié)目。此處happy to watch anything that happ

46、ened to be on作sat的目的狀語(yǔ)。23. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_such art forms as music and painting. 【2012全國(guó)新課程】A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當(dāng)它和像音樂(lè)和繪畫(huà)這樣的藝術(shù)形式相比時(shí)。此處是被省略的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其相當(dāng)于：when film is compared to such art forms a

47、s music and painting. 這里film和compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)一致，所以film被省略。故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。24. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. 【2012山東卷】A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。句意為：完成并簽名后，請(qǐng)把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。此處動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語(yǔ)envelope之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系

48、，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which is provided。25. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. 【2012山東卷】A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 解析：不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。句意：?jiǎn)讨螒?zhàn)爭(zhēng)后回到家，結(jié)果被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然的結(jié)果。這里George和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用to be told?！痉椒记伞恳弧?fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)1平時(shí)的備考中用注意不定

49、式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式；不定式作后置定語(yǔ)與分詞作后置定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。2不定式的省略與不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。3只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞，只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞以及接動(dòng)名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞。4現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，以及不定式作狀語(yǔ)與分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 二、做題方法要解答好這類(lèi)題目，第一步判斷該動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系，如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就要用表示被動(dòng)的非謂語(yǔ)形式(過(guò)去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，不定式的被動(dòng)式)，如果是主謂關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式；第二步看動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，如果沒(méi)有確定的時(shí)間，一般情況下動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞，主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。課后作業(yè) 高中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)A1. Wh

50、en he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.A. to repair bicycles         B. bicycles to be repairedC. bicycles being repaired     D. repairing bicycles2. - Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?- Yes. I like the job because a teacher

51、 is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be          B. to change; being C. changing; being      D. changing; to be3. The dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly      B. being traine

52、d properly   C. properly to train      D. trained properly4. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. A. Having stolen         B. Having been stolen   C. Stolen        

53、0;   D. Stealing5. _ the front door _, he had to enter the room through the back door.A. Seen; painted         B. Seeing; paintedC. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted6. And there, almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who neve

54、r had to be told to keep quiet.A. having lost      B. losing        C. to be lost       D. lost7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put        B.

55、 to be putting        C. to put        D. putting8. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly  B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly       D. finish quickly9. The old farm

56、er, _ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help. A. supporting                  B. having supported     C. being supported by 

57、0;        D. being supported10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _ a new milestone in the history of mankind.A. it marked        B. marking      C.

58、marked      D. to mark11. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck         B. stuck         C. sticking          D.

59、 stick12. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem _.A. to solve; being talked about       B. solving; discussing C. to solve; to talk about       D. solving; being discussed13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered     B. to have been discovered  C. to discover    &#