新托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句120句(分析+譯文)

1、新托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句 120 句（分析 +譯文）1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth 'susrface ， the deep ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans ，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.（定語(yǔ)后置 in some ways ）由于完全沒(méi)有光，而且承受著比在

2、地球表面大數(shù)百倍的極大壓力，深海底 部對(duì)人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境，在某些方面就像外層空間一樣險(xiǎn)惡和遙遠(yuǎn)。分句 1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句 2：hundreds of times greater than at theEarth ' s surface分句 3：the deep ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句 4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of out

3、er space分句 2 修飾分句 1 結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ) intense pressures ，分句 1是分句 3 的原因狀語(yǔ)分句 3 是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子的主句分句 4 是分句 3 的后置定語(yǔ)，修飾分句 3 的 a hostile environment to humans整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：原因狀語(yǔ) +主句 +后置定語(yǔ)這是主句前后分別有狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的修飾成分，但是本句其實(shí)不是復(fù)合句 句子的核心意思是深海對(duì)于人類而言是一個(gè)充滿敵意的環(huán)境。2. Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is th

4、e country's impressive population growth （倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) Basic to any understandingis ）要理解二戰(zhàn)之后 20 年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國(guó)驚人的人口增長(zhǎng)。分句 1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句 2 ： is分句 3：the country's impressive population growth分句 1，2 ，3 共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語(yǔ)序是

5、 The country's impressivepopulation growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War 本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，只不過(guò)使用了倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 is.3. As a result ，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits t

6、o health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore （同位語(yǔ)從句 claims that）結(jié)果，那些認(rèn)為只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康的觀點(diǎn)廣為人知， 并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的基礎(chǔ)。分句 1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句 2：claims have become widel

7、y publicized and form the basis for folklore因此本句的主句是 claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些觀點(diǎn)廣為人知，并成為一些民間說(shuō)法的基礎(chǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句是 that eating a diet consisting entirelyof organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health ：只食用綠色食品就能防治疾病或增進(jìn)健康4

8、. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones， that fertilized eggs arenutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs ， that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like （并列同位語(yǔ)從句 reports that , that ； that ）關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營(yíng)養(yǎng)

9、價(jià)值更高，未 經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過(guò)處理的好等等報(bào)道屢見(jiàn)不鮮；但都沒(méi)有得到證實(shí)。分句 1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports分句 2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones分句 3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句 4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains andthelike分句 1 是整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句的主句；分句

10、 2、分句 3 和分句 4 是并列關(guān)系；共同構(gòu) 成分句 1 的同位語(yǔ)從句。本句的意思是有很多沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)證實(shí)的報(bào)道；然后并列了三個(gè)未 經(jīng)過(guò)證實(shí)的報(bào)道的從句。5 The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North； though lessspectacularly ( 同位語(yǔ)從句 fact that)南方極為嚴(yán)重的困境使北方同樣需要開(kāi)始重建 ( 盡管不像南方那么引人注 目)這一事實(shí)顯得不太重要。分句 1. The despe

11、rate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact分句 2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North分句 3.though less spectacularly （省略）1 和 2 嵌套1 和 3 并列6 The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what

12、we now know as urban sprawl （ 賓語(yǔ)從句 what we now know as）現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個(gè)大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā) 了一場(chǎng)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無(wú)計(jì)劃擴(kuò)展的現(xiàn)象。分句 1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled分句 2：what we now know as urban sprawl分句

13、 1 嵌套分句 2，即分句 1 是主句，分句 2 是賓語(yǔ)從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過(guò) 精簡(jiǎn)應(yīng)該是 The new accessibility of landsparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl 。本句的理解困難還來(lái)自于抽象詞 fuel ，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such

14、 a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth(Of 結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)： of how there came to be such a concentration ofpregnantichthyosaurs)但這些因素并不能解釋這個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題：為何在一個(gè)特定的地點(diǎn)會(huì)如此集 中地出現(xiàn)即將臨產(chǎn)的懷孕魚(yú)龍群。分句 1： But these factors do not account for the interesting question分句

15、 2 ： of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth分句 1 嵌套分句 2. 分句 2 是 Of 結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾說(shuō)明 question 的內(nèi)容。8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering aroundthe unknown region and that somewhere in its wi

16、lds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent， the two captains set out（同位語(yǔ)從句 rumors that ）當(dāng)時(shí)有一些傳言，說(shuō)有史前的猛犸在這一陌生的區(qū)域活動(dòng)，而且在這一區(qū) 域的某個(gè)地方有一座巨大的鹽石山，其面積達(dá) 80 英里長(zhǎng) 50 英里寬。就在這些傳言中， 兩位上尉出發(fā)了。分句 1：Amid rumors分句 2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region分句 3 ：and that somew

17、here in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent分句 4 ： the two captains set out分句 1 和分句 4 構(gòu)成倒裝，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是分句 4+ 分句 1，即 the two captains set out Amidrumors 。分句 1 嵌套分句 2 和分句 3，分句 2 和分句 3 是修飾分句 1 的 rumors 的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明謠言的具體內(nèi)容。分句 2 和分句 3 構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。9. In the seventeenth century the organ, t

18、he clavichord， and theharpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group， asupremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century（ 同位語(yǔ) a supremacy）17 世紀(jì)時(shí)風(fēng)琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤(pán)樂(lè)器類的主要成員，這種至高無(wú) 上的地位一直由它們保持，直到 18 世紀(jì)末被鋼琴所取代。分句 1：In the seventeenth century the or

19、gan, the clavichord，and theharpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，分句 2 ： a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them atthe end of the eighteenth century分句 2 是分句 1 的同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)修飾說(shuō)明分句 1 中的 the chief instruments of the keyboard group10A series of mechanical improvem

20、ents continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality， finally produced an instrument capable ofmyriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost or

21、chestral fullness of sound ，from a liquid ， singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance （介詞結(jié)構(gòu)from tO乍定語(yǔ)）持續(xù)到 19 世紀(jì)的一系列機(jī)械上的改進(jìn)， 包括引入踏板以維持音調(diào)或使其柔 和，改善金屬框架，以及使用最佳牲能的鋼絲，最終產(chǎn)生了一種具備無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)效果的樂(lè) 器這些效果涵蓋了從最精致的和聲到幾乎全部的管弦樂(lè)音響，從明快流暢的吟唱音 調(diào)到尖銳的打擊樂(lè)器的恢弘氣氛。分句 1： A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into th

22、e nineteenth century分句 2 ： including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it分句 3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality分句 4 ：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects分句 5 ： from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral

23、fullness of sound ，分句 6 ： from a liquid ， singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance本句的真正的主句結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)是由分句 1 和分句 4 構(gòu)成，即 A series of mechanical improvementscontinuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced aninstrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句 2 和分句 3 并列修飾說(shuō)明分句 1 中的 Aseries of mecha

24、nical improvements ，而分句 5 和分句 6 并列， 修飾說(shuō)明 了分句 4 中的 an instrumentcapable of myriad tonal effects11 The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish,rose in five terraced stories ，contained more than 800 rooms， andcould have housed a population of 1， 000 or more 最大的一座后來(lái)被西班牙人稱為 Pueblo Bo

25、nito（ 美麗的城鎮(zhèn) ） ，是一個(gè)五層 梯式樓，有 800 多間房子，能夠容納 1 000 人以上。分句 1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than800 rooms ，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more分句 2 ： later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish分句 1 嵌套分句 2，分句 2 用來(lái)修飾分句 1 的主語(yǔ) the largest, 分句 1 內(nèi)部 是由三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成

26、的句子。12 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as“ si，lentht e film”has never been，in the full sense of theword, silent )( 倒裝 accustomed though we are =though we are accustomed無(wú)聲電影 ”，但是就 “無(wú)聲'這'個(gè)雖然我們習(xí)慣于將 1927 年以前的電影叫做詞的完整意義上說(shuō)，電影從未真正的無(wú)聲過(guò)。分句 1：Accustomedthough we are

27、to speaking of the films madebefore1927 as “ silent ”分句 2：the film has never been silent分句 3：in the full sense of the word本句的難點(diǎn)是在分句 1 內(nèi)部有一個(gè)倒裝， 正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是 though we are accustomed to speaking ofthe films made before 1927 assilent. 分句 3 是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，嵌套在分句 2 中，所以本句的真正強(qiáng)調(diào)的核 心是 the film has never beensilent 。13.F

28、or a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra ， and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical p

29、ieces (特殊結(jié)構(gòu)notSO much as與其不如說(shuō))在好些年內(nèi)， 為各部影片選擇配樂(lè)的權(quán)力完全掌握在樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮或隊(duì)長(zhǎng)手中， 而通常擔(dān)任這種職位的資格與其說(shuō)是技巧或鑒賞品位，不如說(shuō)是個(gè)人擁有音樂(lè)作品的豐 富收藏。分句 1：.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra分句 2：and very often the principal qualification

30、 far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces分句1和分句2構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，分句 2的難點(diǎn)在于not somuch的s結(jié)構(gòu)。14 Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biologi

31、cal diversity ， the number of species in a particular ecosystem ， to the health of the Earth and human well-being(倒裝 coincident with concernshas been=has been coincident withconcerns )在對(duì)物種和動(dòng)物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時(shí)，人們也越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到生 物多樣化，即一個(gè)特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對(duì)地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。分句 1 ： Coincident with concerns about the acce

32、lerating loss of speciesand habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance ofbiological diversity分句 2 ： the number of species in a particular ecosystem分句 3 ： to the health of the Earth and human well-being分句 1 內(nèi)部構(gòu)成倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是 concerns about the accelerating loss of species andhabitats has

33、 been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being所以真正的主句經(jīng)過(guò)精簡(jiǎn)之后是 concerns has been coincident with a growingappreciation分句 2 是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明分句 1 結(jié)尾的 biological diversity15.The fact that half of the known species are th

34、ought to inhabitthe world's rain forests does not seem surprising， considering thehuge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species （同位語(yǔ)從句 fact that;定語(yǔ)從句that comprise the bulk）考慮到組成大部分物種的昆蟲(chóng)的巨大數(shù)量，認(rèn)為半數(shù)的已知物種棲息在世 界的雨林中這一事實(shí)看起來(lái)并不令人吃驚。分句 1：The fact does not seem surprising分句 2：that half of

35、the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests分句 3：considering the huge numbers of insects分句 4：that comprise the bulk of the species分句 1嵌套分句 2，分句 2 解釋說(shuō)明分句 1 的主語(yǔ) thefact, 是同位語(yǔ)從句，分句 3 作為分句 1 的原因狀語(yǔ)，分句 4 是定語(yǔ)從句， 修飾分句 3 的 the huge numbers of insects16.To appreciate fully the diversi

36、ty and abundance of life in the sea ， it helps to think small（特殊結(jié)構(gòu)it helps to做有幫助）要充分認(rèn)識(shí)海洋生命的多樣性和豐富性，從小的角度思考有幫助。目的狀語(yǔ)： To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life inthesea,主句： it helps to think small （這里的 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義）1 7.Science is built with facts just as a house is built withbricks ，

37、but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house （特殊結(jié)構(gòu) not any more than像一樣不）科學(xué)建立在事實(shí)上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。但收集的事實(shí)不能被叫做科 學(xué)，就像一堆磚不能被稱為房子一樣。分句 1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built withbricks,分句 2. but a collection of facts cannot be called

38、 science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.和 2 是并列分句 （轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）18.The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities （從句 which side is i作edorresponds to的賓語(yǔ)兩個(gè)半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進(jìn)行特定的活動(dòng)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。分句 1. The variation between the hem

39、ispheres corresponds to 分句 2. which side of the body is ised to perform specific activities1和2 是嵌套1 是主句， 2 做主句的賓語(yǔ)19.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so mich of the realistic tradition by aithors sich as John Barth，DonaldBarthelme ，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at ti

40、mesdeterminedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic qiality of her fiction （特殊結(jié)構(gòu) characterized by以為特征 ）盡管處于一個(gè)以拋棄大量現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)（以作家約翰巴思、唐納德巴塞爾 姆和托馬斯品欽為代表）為特征的時(shí)代，喬伊斯卡羅爾 歐茨因?yàn)閳?jiān)持自己小說(shuō)本質(zhì)上模仿的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候看起來(lái)是一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的守舊派。分 句 1. characterized by the abandonment of so mich of the realistictradition by a

41、ithors sich as John Barth ， Donald Barthelme ， and ThomasPynchon,分句 2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedlyold-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic qialityof her fiction分句 1 做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) “ In a period 的后置定”語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充修飾 period ，相當(dāng)于省 略了 “ which was ”的定語(yǔ)從句分句 2 是主句20 If it were not fo

42、r this faculty， they would devour all the foodavailable in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence （ 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ） 如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物，而 且很可能會(huì)因餓死而滅絕。分句 1. If it were not for this faculty分句 2. they would devour all the food available in short time分句 3. would probably star

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46、ividualism is weakly developedin folk cultures ，as are social classes （倒裝 as are s ocial classes） '個(gè)人主義和社會(huì)階層在民間文化群體中的發(fā)展十分薄弱。分句 1. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures分句 2. as are social classes1和2并列，2采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，as表示也，和一樣22 People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haun

47、ted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos (同位語(yǔ)從句 prospect that)19 世紀(jì)的美國(guó)人因?yàn)楹ε聡?guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)中史無(wú)前例的變化會(huì)帶來(lái)社會(huì)混亂這 一前景而提心吊膽。分句 1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect分句 2. unprecedented change in the nation's ec

48、onomy would bring social chaos 1和 2 嵌套，1 是主句， 2 具體解釋說(shuō)明 prospect23Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits (倒裝 Accompanyin

49、g that growth was a structural change that structural change was accompanying that growth)伴隨著這一增長(zhǎng)的是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化，它以經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷多樣化和國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力 從農(nóng)業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農(nóng)業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為特征。分句 1. Accompanying that growth was a structural change 分句 2. featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor f

50、orce from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits 1和2 是嵌套分句 1 是主句，且采用完全倒裝的形式2個(gè)分句 2 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 change. 這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，由 and 連接三個(gè)并列的名詞性成分24 As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home （倒裝so did ）隨著男人和女人在社會(huì)中扮演的角色被

51、限定得更加嚴(yán)格，他們?cè)诩抑械慕?色也是如此。分句 1. the roles became more rigidly defined分句 2. men and women played in society分句 3. so did the roles分句 4. they played in the home 1和2嵌套， 3 和4嵌套1和3 并列2 和 4 分別作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾 roles是由 so 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句25.Surrounding the column are three sepals and threepetals ， sometimes easily recognizable

52、as such ， often distorted into gorgeous ， weird ， but always functional shapes(倒裝 Surrounding the column are)圍繞著蕊柱的是三個(gè)萼片和三個(gè)花瓣，有時(shí)很容易辨認(rèn)出來(lái)，但經(jīng)常被扭 成華麗、奇特但總是有用的形狀。分句 1. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals分句 2. sometimes easily recognizable as such ，often distorted into gorgeous ，weird

53、 ，but always functional shapes1 是主句， 采用完全倒裝26 With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second WorldWarand the economic boom that followed it，young people married andestablished households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression( 倒裝 than had t

54、heir predecessors 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的第二部分 )隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來(lái)的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，年輕人比大蕭條中的 同齡人結(jié)婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。分句 1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War分句 2. the economic boom that followed it分句 3. young people married and established households earlier分句 4. began to raise larger families than had th

55、eir predecessors during the Depression 1和 2 并列，3 和 4 并列1和 2 是伴隨狀語(yǔ)3 和 4 是主句27 The railroad could be and was a despoiler ofnature ；furthermore ，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it mightbe a despoiler of human nature as well（ 關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu) could be and was）鐵路可以，事實(shí)上也是自然的掠奪者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也 可能是人性的掠奪者。分句 1.

56、 The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature分句 2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well1 和 2 是并列 （由分號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)并列分句）28 In the railroads' prime years， between 1 890 and 1920，therewere afew individuals in the United States， most of them with solidrailroading experience behind them，who

57、 made a profession of writingabout railroading-works offering the ambience of stations， yards ，andlocomotive cabs （ 同位語(yǔ) most of them ；定語(yǔ)從句 who made a profession of writing）在 1890 年到 1920 年間鐵路的黃金時(shí)期，美國(guó)有幾個(gè)人 （ 他們大多有豐富 的鐵路經(jīng)驗(yàn) ）以寫(xiě)鐵路題材為職業(yè) 作品圍繞車站、停車場(chǎng)和機(jī)車。分句 1. there were a few individuals in the United States分句 2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them分句 3. who made a profession of writing about railroading分 句 4. works offering the ambience of stations ， ya