英語閱讀長難句

1、1 "Mechanical pencils rule," my fifteen-year-old grandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her to be her generation's voice on school supplies.難句類型： 復(fù)雜修飾語法分析："Mechanical pencils rule," my fifteen-year-old 賓語 主語grandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her to 謂語 時間狀語

2、be her generation's voice on school supplies. 意群訓(xùn)練："Mechanical pencils rule," my fifteen-year-oldgrandniece, Genevieve, declared when I invited her tobe her generation's voice on school supplies. 參考譯文： 當(dāng)我讓我十五歲的孫侄女格尼微說說她們這代都用什么學(xué)習(xí)用品時，她說“自動鉛筆”。2As she consigned the yellow-painted wood

3、en pencil to the wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia for the perfumed sharpener shavings of my youth.。難句類型: 狀語從句難詞注解：nostalgia: n. 懷舊之情；語法分析：As she consigned the yellow-painted wooden pencil to 狀語從句the wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia for 主語 謂語 賓語the perfumed sharpen

4、er shavings of my youth.補(bǔ)語意群訓(xùn)練：As she consigned the yellow-painted wooden pencil tothe wastebasket of history, I felt a rush of nostalgia forthe perfumed sharpener shavings of my youth.參考譯文：看著她將刷了黃漆的木桿兒鉛筆扔進(jìn)歷史的垃圾箱里，一種懷舊情感油然而生，讓我想起自己年輕時削鉛筆時聞到的那種香氣。3Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruc

5、tion known to humanity.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruction known to humanity. 主語 系動詞 定語 表語 條件狀語意群訓(xùn)練：Black holes are the most efficient engines of destruction known to humanity.參考譯文：黑洞是人類所知的最具毀滅性的武器。4Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, le

6、t alone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyond their immediate neighborhoods.難句類型：插入語難詞注解：supermassive: n. 巨大的，超級的語法分析：Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, let alone their smaller 獨(dú)立成分 主語 謂語 賓語從句 插入語cousins, would have little effect beyond their immediate ne

7、ighborhoods. 賓語從句意群訓(xùn)練：Accordingly, astronomers long assumed that supermassive holes, let alone their smaller cousins, would have little effect beyond their immediate neighborhoods.參考譯文：因此，宇航員一直認(rèn)為超級黑洞對跟前的物體都不會產(chǎn)生什么影響，就更別提普通黑洞了。5It was the week before Christmas, and on the last day of the year she woul

8、d become Mrs. Joseph Tank.難句類型：過去式和過去將來時語法分析：It was the week before Christmas, and on the last day of the year she would 主語 系動詞 表語 定語 并列連詞 時間狀語 主語 助動詞become Mrs. Joseph Tank.謂語 表語意群訓(xùn)練：It was the week before Christmas, and on the last day of the year she wouldbecome Mrs. Joseph Tank.參考譯文：那是圣誕的前一周，而在那

9、年的最后一天，她將會成為丹科夫人了。6She had told Joe that if they were to be married at all they might as well get it over with this year, and still there was no need of being married any earlier in the year than was necessary.難句類型：復(fù)雜從句，雙賓語語法分析：She had told Joe that if they were to be married at all they might as we

10、ll get it over 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語with this year, and still there was no need of being married any earlier in the year than was necessary.意群訓(xùn)練：She had told Joe that if they were to be married at all they might as well get it over with this year, and still there was no need of being married any earlier i

11、n the year than was necessary.參考譯文：她跟喬說過，如果他們真要結(jié)婚的話，等過了年再結(jié)也可以，沒必要非得趕在年前。7. Ridiculing television, and warning about its inherent evils, is nothing new.難句類型：復(fù)雜主語語法分析：Ridiculing television, and warning about its inherent evils, is nothing new. 主語 并列連詞 主語 謂語 表語意群訓(xùn)練：Ridiculing television, and warning ab

12、out its inherent evils, is nothing new.參考譯文：對電視的冷嘲熱諷和對其內(nèi)在危險的警告早已不是什么新鮮事兒了。8It has been that way since the medium was invented, and television hasn't exactlybeen lavished with respect as the decades have passed.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：It has been that way since the medium was invented, and television hasn&

13、#39;t exactly 主語 系動詞 表語 時間狀語 連詞 主語been lavished with respect as the decades have passed. 謂語 方式狀語 時間狀語意群訓(xùn)練：It has been that way since the medium was invented, and television hasn't exactlybeen lavished with respect as the decades have passed.參考譯文：自從媒介誕生以來，情況就是如此，幾十年來，人們從未大方的表示對電視的尊敬。9. I suspect,

14、 though, that a lot of the fear and loathing directed at television comes out of a time-honored, reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of the moment.難句類型：復(fù)雜從句，復(fù)雜修飾難詞注解：loathing n. 嫌惡 Reflexive adj. 反射的語法分析：I suspect, though, that a lot of the fear and loathing directed at television comes ou

15、t of a 主語 謂語 賓語從句time-honored, reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of the moment.意群訓(xùn)練：I suspect, though, that a lot of the fear and loathing directed at television comes out of a time-honored, reflexive overreaction to the dominant medium of the moment.參考譯文：不過，我懷疑許多對電視的恐懼和厭惡都來自于人們對這一時代主流媒體

16、長期的過度反應(yīng)。10. For the past several decades, television has been blamed for corrupting our youth and excitingour adults, distorting reality, and basically being a big, perhaps dangerous, waste of time.難句類型：復(fù)雜原因狀語語法分析：For the past several decades, television has been blamed for corrupting our youth and

17、時間狀語 主語 謂語 原因狀語exciting our adults, distorting reality, and basically being a big, perhaps dangerous, waste of time.意群訓(xùn)練：For the past several decades, television has been blamed for corrupting our youth and excitingour adults, distorting reality, and basically being a big, perhaps dangerous, waste o

18、f time.參考譯文：在過去的幾十年里，人們常說電視教壞了年輕人，刺激了成年人，扭曲了事實(shí)，而更主要的是，它非常浪費(fèi)時間，甚至到達(dá)了危險的地步。11. And long before thatin fact, some 2.500 years earlier philosophers were arguing that poetry and drama should be excluded from any ideal city on much the same grounds.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：And long before that in fact, some 2.500 ye

19、ars earlierphilosophers were arguing 時間狀語 主語 謂語 that poetry and drama should be excluded from any ideal city on much the same grounds. 賓語從句意群訓(xùn)練：And long before thatin fact, some 2.500 years earlier philosophers were arguing that poetry and drama should be excluded from any ideal city on much the sam

20、e grounds.參考譯文：再往前推很多年，事實(shí)上，大概是2,500年前，哲學(xué)家們還曾因?yàn)橄嗤脑蛟噲D把詩歌和戲劇從理想的城市中趕出去。12In Book 10 of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.) attacks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) and the tragedians on several grounds, all of which have a familiar ring.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：In Book 10 of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.) attac

21、ks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) 狀語 主語 謂語 賓語and the tragedians on several grounds, all of which have a familiar ring.賓語 原因狀語 補(bǔ)語意群訓(xùn)練：In Book 10 of the Republic, Plato (428-348 B.C.) attacks epic poet Homer (c. 850 B.C.) and the tragedians on several grounds, all of which have a familiar ring.參考譯文：在理想

22、國的第十卷中，柏拉圖就一些原因抨擊了史詩大師荷馬以及一些悲劇家他們有一個常見的特點(diǎn)。13Clearly, he would have given thumbs down to the central characters of Shakespeare's Hamlet and Macbeth.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：Clearly, he would have given thumbs down to the central characters of Shakespeare's 狀語 主語 謂語 直接賓語 間接賓語Hamlet and Macbeth.意群訓(xùn)練：Clear

23、ly, he would have given thumbs down to the central characters of Shakespeare's Hamlet and Macbeth.參考譯文：顯然，對于莎士比亞作品哈姆雷特和麥克白中的中心人物，他也不會給予肯定。14One academic who has studied and written extensively about both Plato and television suggests that Plato, rather than being anti-arts, was merely an elitist

24、.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：One academic who has studied and written extensively about both Plato and television 主語 定語suggests that Plato, rather than being anti-arts, was merely an elitist.謂語 賓語意群訓(xùn)練：One academic who has studied and written extensively about both Plato and television suggests that Plato, rather

25、than being anti-arts, was merely an elitist.參考譯文： 一位對柏拉圖和電視都頗有研究并發(fā)表了大量文章的學(xué)者提出，柏拉圖并不是反對藝術(shù)，他只不過是支持精英主義而已。15Food has always been considered one of the most salient markers of cultural traditions.難詞注解： salient adj. 突出的，顯著的語法分析：Food has always been considered one of the most salient markers of cultural t

26、raditions. 主語 謂語 賓語意群訓(xùn)練：Food has always been considered one of the most salient markers of cultural traditions.參考譯文：人們通常認(rèn)為食物是文化傳統(tǒng)中最鮮明的標(biāo)志。16When I was a small child, food was the only thing that helped identify my family as Filipino American.語法分析：When I was a small child, food was the only thing that

27、 helped identify my family as 時間狀語 主語 系動詞 表語 定語Filipino American.意群訓(xùn)練：When I was a small child, food was the only thing that helped identify my family as Filipino American.參考譯文：我小時候，食物是唯一能讓我們感覺自己是菲律賓裔美國人的一點(diǎn)。17As my parents became more acculturated, we ate less typically Filipino food.語法分析：As my pare

28、nts became more acculturated, we ate less typically Filipino food. 原因狀語 主語謂語 補(bǔ)語 賓語意群訓(xùn)練：As my parents became more acculturated, we ate less typically Filipino food.參考譯文：后來，我父母慢慢的入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，我們吃的菲律賓食品也就越來越少了。18When I was in high school, we ate chicken marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipino di

29、shes like pansit lug-lug.語法分析：When I was in high school, we ate chicken marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often 時間狀語 主語謂語 賓語thanFilipino dishes like pansit lug-lug. 程度狀語意群訓(xùn)練：When I was in high school, we ate chicken marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipino dishes like pansit lug-lug.參

30、考譯文：當(dāng)我在上高中時，我們吃的馬沙拉葡萄酒雞肉和shrimp fra diablo要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于像pansit lug-lug這樣的菲律賓食品。19Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarinwho in 1825 confidently announced, "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are"would have no trouble describing cultural identities of the United States.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：Jean Anthe

31、lme Brillat-Savarinwho in 1825 confidently announced, "Tell me what 主語 定語you eat, and I will tell you who you are"would have no trouble describing cultural identities of 謂語 賓語 定語the United States.意群訓(xùn)練： Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarinwho in 1825 confidently announced, "Tell me what you e

32、at, and I will tell you who you are"would have no trouble describing cultural identities of the United States.參考譯文：Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin曾經(jīng)于1825年自信地說過“告訴我你吃什么，我就能說出你是誰”，讓他來描述美國的文化特征顯然不是什么難事。20Our food reveals us as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrained by tradition.難句類型：同位語難詞注

33、解：constrain n. 限制語法分析：Our food reveals us as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrained by tradition. 主語 謂語 賓語 同位語 定語意群訓(xùn)練：Our food reveals us as tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrained by tradition.參考譯文：從我們吃的食物中可以看出，我們寬容大度，勇于冒險，不為傳統(tǒng)所限。21Without some knowledge of language, of history,

34、of inflection, of the position of the storyteller within the group, without a hint of the social roles played by males and females in the culture, without a sense of the society's humor or prioritieswithout such knowledge, how can we, as reader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaning in an

35、 expression of art?難句類型：復(fù)雜狀語語法分析：Without some knowledge of language, of history, of inflection, of the position of the 條件狀語storyteller within the group, without a hint of the social roles played by males and females in the 條件狀語culture, without a sense of the society's humor or prioritieswithout

36、such knowledge, how can 條件狀語 疑問詞 能愿動詞 we, as reader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaning in an expression of art?主語 同位語 謂語 賓語意群訓(xùn)練： Without some knowledge of language, of history, of inflection, of the position of the storyteller within the group, without a hint of the social roles played by

37、 males and females in the culture, without a sense of the society's humor or prioritieswithout such knowledge, how can we, as reader or listener, penetrate to the core of meaning in an expression of art?參考譯文: 如果不了解一個文化的語言、歷史和詞匯的變位，或者講述者在群體中的地位、文化中男性和女性的社會角色、以及這個社會的性情或重心，如果沒有這些知識，那么，作為讀者或聽眾，我們怎么能

38、夠洞察某一藝術(shù)表達(dá)的核心含義呢？22The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of a different culture may be illustrated by an exemplary folktale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabaskan) culture of south-central Alaska.難句類型：復(fù)雜主語語法分析：The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of a different cultu

39、re may be illustrated 主語 謂語by an exemplary folktale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabaskan) culture of south-central 方式狀語Alaska意群訓(xùn)練：The difficulty of gaining access to the literature of a different culture may be illustrated by an exemplary folktale (in translation) from the Tanaina (Athabask

40、an) culture of south-central Alaska.參考譯文：以阿拉斯加中南部Tanaina（阿撒巴斯堪語）文化的一個典型的民間故事（翻譯之后的）為例，可以說明接觸另一個文化的文學(xué)作品之難度。23. It would typically be told to a general audience within the society, including the full rangeof ages from young children to grandparents: it would be recounted with gesticulation and exagger

41、ation by a performance specialist.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾難詞注解：recount n. 詳述，描述語法分析：It would typically be told to a general audience within the society, including the full 主語 謂語 賓語 rangeof ages from young children to grandparents: it would be recounted with gesticulation and 主語 謂語 方式狀語 exaggeration by a performanc

42、e specialist.意群訓(xùn)練：It would typically be told to a general audience within the society, including the full range of ages from young children to grandparents: it would be recounted with gesticulation and exaggeration by a performance specialist.參考譯文：通常，故事都會面向社會中的普通觀眾，包括從小孩到老人等各個年齡段的人：表演人士通過其姿態(tài)和對作品的夸張向

43、人們重新講述。24There was an empty room at the top of our house and on the wall, between the fireplace and the window, almost hidden in the gloom, hung a small portrait in oils.難句類型：復(fù)雜主語語法分析：There was an empty room at the top of our house and on the wall, between the 形式主語 謂語 主語 地點(diǎn)狀語 fireplace and the windo

44、w, almost hidden in the gloom, hung a small portrait in oils. 地點(diǎn)狀語 謂語 主語意群訓(xùn)練：There was an empty room at the top of our house and on the wall, between the fireplace and the window, almost hidden in the gloom, hung a small portrait in oils.參考譯文：我家的頂層有個房間。在這房間中的壁爐和窗戶中間掛著一幅油畫，隱藏在黑暗中。25Dim and yellowed b

45、y time, that picture showed the head of a man of strange appearance, for he had long hair and below his pointed beard was some kind of wide collar brim.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：Dim and yellowed by time, that picture showed the head of a man of strange 定語 主語 謂語 賓語appearance, for he had long hair and below his p

46、ointed beard was some kind of wide collar brim. 原因狀語意群訓(xùn)練：Dim and yellowed by time, that picture showed the head of a man of strange appearance, for he had long hair and below his pointed beard was some kind of wide collar brim.參考譯文：油畫上是一位長相奇怪的男子的頭像，他有著長長的頭發(fā)，尖尖的胡子下是寬大的領(lǐng)角兒。由于年代有些久遠(yuǎn)，油畫顯得暗淡發(fā)黃。26 His fac

47、e was melancholy and yet it always seemed to me that there was a Sneer upon those bearded lips.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：His face was melancholy and yet it always seemed to me that there was a Sneer upon 主語 謂語 表語 主語 謂語 表語those bearded lips.意群訓(xùn)練 ： His face was melancholy and yet it always seemed to me that there

48、 was a Sneer upon those bearded lips.參考譯文：他的表情深沉憂郁，在我看來，那胡子下的嘴角寫著些許的譏笑。27Children rarely look up when they are playing with toys on the floor, for they are too busy with their own imaginings, but one day, when I had strayed into that vacant room and was amusing myself, I happened to glance toward th

49、e portrait and saw, to my astonishment, that the eyes of the man were watching me.難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾語法分析：Children rarely look up when they are playing with toys oh the floor, for they are too 主語 謂語 時間狀語 原因狀語 busy with their own imaginings, but one day, when I had strayed into that vacant room and was 時間狀語 時間

50、狀語 amusing myself, I happened to glance toward the portrait and saw, to my astonishment, that the 主語 謂語 賓語并列連詞 謂語 eyes of the man were watching me.賓語意群訓(xùn)練：Children rarely look up when they are playing with toys oh the floor, for they are too busy with their own imaginings, but one day, when I had str

51、ayed into that vacant room and was amusing myself, I happened to glance toward the portrait and saw, to my astonishment, that the eyes of the man were watching me.參考譯文：當(dāng)孩子們玩玩具時，他們很少抬起頭來，他們總是沉浸在自己的想象中。然而，有一天，當(dāng)我邁進(jìn)那個房間時，我驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我的目光碰巧落在了那幅畫上，我吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)畫中的男子也在看著我。28I got to my feet and, as I did so, those ey

52、es turned to watch every movement I made.語法分析：I got to my feet and, as I did so, those eyes turned to watch every movement I made. 主語 謂語 伴隨狀語 主語 謂語意群訓(xùn)練：I got to my feet and, as I did so, those eyes turned to watch every movement I made.參考譯文：我站起身來，然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我往哪兒動，那雙眼睛就看向哪兒。29I did not tell anyone what had happened, but I did not venture into the room again for more